metricas
covid
Buscar en
Revista Colombiana de Reumatología (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Revista Colombiana de Reumatología (English Edition) Enthesitis, a clinical manifestation with many unknowns
Journal Information

Statistics

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

Editorial
Enthesitis, a clinical manifestation with many unknowns
Entesitis, una manifestación clínica con muchas incógnitas
Edwin Jáureguia,b
a Riesgo de fractura S.A.-CAYRE, Bogotá, Colombia
b Miembro de número ASOREUMA
Read
5751
Times
was read the article
721
Total PDF
5030
Total HTML
Share statistics
 array:23 [
  "pii" => "S2444440519300251"
  "issn" => "24444405"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcreue.2019.03.002"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-10-01"
  "aid" => "206"
  "copyright" => "Asociación Colombiana de Reumatología"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2018"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "sco"
  "cita" => "Rev Colomb Reumatol. 2018;25:221-3"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 685
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 13
      "HTML" => 560
      "PDF" => 112
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S0121812318301038"
      "issn" => "01218123"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcreu.2018.10.007"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-10-01"
      "aid" => "206"
      "copyright" => "Asociación Colombiana de Reumatología"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "subdocumento" => "sco"
      "cita" => "Rev Colomb Reumatol. 2018;25:221-3"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => false
        "ES2" => false
        "LATM" => false
      ]
      "gratuito" => false
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 8457
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 1
          "HTML" => 7804
          "PDF" => 652
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:10 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>"
        "titulo" => "Entesitis&#44; una manifestaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica con muchas inc&#243;gnitas"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "221"
            "paginaFinal" => "223"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Enthesitis&#44; a clinical manifestation with many unknowns"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "J&#225;uregui Edwin"
            "autores" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "J&#225;uregui"
                "apellidos" => "Edwin"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2444440519300251"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcreue.2019.03.002"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => false
            "ES2" => false
            "LATM" => false
          ]
          "gratuito" => false
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2444440519300251?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0121812318301038?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/01218123/0000002500000004/v2_201905220803/S0121812318301038/v2_201905220803/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2444440519300299"
    "issn" => "24444405"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcreue.2019.04.004"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-10-01"
    "aid" => "1672"
    "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Colombiana de Reumatolog&#237;a"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "sco"
    "cita" => "Rev Colomb Reumatol. 2018;25:224-7"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 255
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 9
        "HTML" => 158
        "PDF" => 88
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>"
      "titulo" => "Radiographic progression in axial spondyloarthritis&#58; Is it the expression of a helpful measure of structural involvement outcome&#63;"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "224"
          "paginaFinal" => "227"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Progresi&#243;n radiogr&#225;fica en espondiloartritis axial&#58; &#191;es el reflejo de una medida &#250;til de desenlace de compromiso estructural&#63;"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Wilson Bautista-Molano"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Wilson"
              "apellidos" => "Bautista-Molano"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S012181231830104X"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rcreu.2018.10.008"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S012181231830104X?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2444440519300299?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/24444405/0000002500000004/v1_201905160826/S2444440519300299/v1_201905160826/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:13 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>"
    "titulo" => "Enthesitis&#44; a clinical manifestation with many unknowns"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "221"
        "paginaFinal" => "223"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "Edwin J&#225;uregui"
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Edwin"
            "apellidos" => "J&#225;uregui"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "edwinjaureguic69@gmail.com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Riesgo de fractura S&#46;A&#46;-CAYRE&#44; Bogot&#225;&#44; Colombia"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Miembro de n&#250;mero ASOREUMA"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Entesitis&#44; una manifestaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica con muchas inc&#243;gnitas"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Enthesis makes reference to the site of attachment of a tendon&#44; ligament of muscle fascia to the bone surface&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> and is considered&#44; currently&#44; as an organ within a functional anatomical concept whose fibrocartilaginous portion&#58; &#40;1&#41; Creates a soft tissue anchor on the bone&#44; &#40;2&#41; Dampens the stress in the anchoring areas and &#40;3&#41; Promotes bone growth&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> We can find more than 100 entheses in the human body&#44; which are usually structures located extra-articullary&#46; The term enthesopathy is used to describe any pathological change in the enthesis&#44; while enthesitis indicates the presence of inflammatory changes&#46; There are multiple causes of enthesopathy such as&#58; metabolic diseases&#44; some drugs &#40;fluoroquinolones&#44; retinoids and fluorinated agents&#41; and rheumatic diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We wrote this editorial about enthesitis&#44; taking into account the great lack of knowledge of clinicians on the subject and calling the attention of the medical community to improve the understanding of this frequent manifestation of inflammatory diseases such as spondyloarthritis &#40;SpA&#41; and psoriatic arthritis &#40;PsA&#41;&#46; Although in recent years it has been possible to know more in detail some aspects that improve the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of enthesitis&#44; the advances in the knowledge of some molecular&#44; pathophysiological and therapeutic characteristics of this clinical manifestation are insufficient and still do not allow to impact totally on the deterioration of the quality of life that it generates&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During our clinical practice&#44; at some time&#44; every one of us has evaluated and diagnosed a patient with &#8220;tennis elbow&#8221; or &#8220;golfer&#39;s elbow&#8221;&#44; a typical example of isolated enthesitis that is triggered secondary to a sport activity due to repetitive mechanical overload&#44; and which usually resolves spontaneously&#59; however&#44; the enthesitis pathognomonic of PsA and SpA&#44; usually affects more than one enthesis and has a chronic behavior&#59; but in this type of patients&#44; it can be generated a speculative hypothesis that the inflammatory threshold is much lower&#44; which would allow to develop an enthesitis even without any mechanical overload&#44; secondary to an exaggerated body response to stress&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> This low threshold can be explained by genetic factors such as genes of the major histocompatibility complex class I and polymorphisms in the IL-23 receptor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mechanical stress is a central factor in the development of enthesitis&#44; which explains why it occurs more frequently in the lower limbs&#46; The innate immune response also seems to intervene as a trigger for its development&#44; however&#44; the precise molecular process is not known&#46; The adequate response with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs &#40;NSAIDs&#41; in the treatment of enthesitis suggests the production of local PGE2 as the early mediator that enables the response to mechanical overload&#44; while the resident mesenchymal cells express cyclooxygenase 2&#46; PGE2 produces vasodilation that widens the trans-cortical blood vessels&#44; which facilitates the recruitment of neutrophils into the bone marrow of the entheseal compartment&#44; and&#44; in addition&#44; PGE2 promotes the production of IL-17&#44; facilitating the inflammatory response&#44; which activates the IL-23&#47;IL-17 pathway&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Studies in mice show that T cells expressing IL-23R reside in the enthesis and are phenotipically &#947; &#948; T cells&#44; which represent the major source of IL-17 and TNF&#46; IL-17 acts as an amplifier of the inflammatory process and induces the production of cytokines and mediators that trigger neutrophil migration&#46; It has also been documented that the uncontrolled activation of myeloid cells or in the absence of A20 protein&#44; signal transducers and activator of transcription 1 &#40;STAT1&#41; promote the release of cytokines that trigger enthesitis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;12</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This entheseal inflammation &#40;enthesitis&#41; is characterized by a pronounced tissue response&#44; considered as an early characteristic of diseases such as PsA and SpA&#44; which subsequently manifests itself with consequences such as enthesophytes&#44; calcaneal spur and plantar fasciitis&#46; These new bone formations are probably initiated by resident mesenchymal cells&#44; which have the potential for proliferation and differentiation within the chondroblasts and the osteoblasts to form cartilage and bone&#46; PGE2 is also an important activator of the differentiation of osteoblasts&#46; On the other hand&#44; it is known that the parathyroid hormone-related peptide is expressed in the enthesis and probably supports the recruitment or the activity of underlying bone cell populations&#46; The bone morphogenetic proteins seem to promote the proliferation of mesenchymal precursors required to form hypertrophic chondrocytes&#46; These cells build the structure for the apposition of new bone by osteoblasts&#44; which forms the enthesophyte&#46; Similarly&#44; Wnt proteins together with their inhibitors&#44; DKK1 and sclerostin&#44; are effector molecules that promote the activity of osteoblasts for the apposition of new bone in the entheses&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5&#44;13</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Enthesitis occurs more commonly in younger&#44; obese patients and in those who have higher disease activity&#44; leading this manifestation to further deterioration in quality of life&#46; In some studies the prevalence of enthesitis in patients with PsA is approximately 35&#37;&#44; being the most frequently involved sites&#58; the Achilles tendon&#44; plantar fascia and lateral epicondyles&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Several indexes have been described for its exploration&#44; including&#58; the Mander&#47;Newcastle enthesitis index &#40;MEI&#41;&#44; Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score &#40;MASES&#41;&#44; Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada &#40;SPARCC&#41; index&#44; Berlin &#40;Major&#41; enthesitis index&#44; Leeds enthesitis index &#40;LEI&#41;&#44; and University of California&#44; San Francisco &#40;UCSF&#41; enthesitis index&#46; The performance of the MASES&#44; LEI&#44; MEI&#44; Berlin and SPARCC indexes was evaluated in patients with PsA&#44; and the LEI index correlated more consistently with parameters of clinical disease activity&#59; and in a study with patients with SpA&#44; the UCSF index was the most sensitive among these 3 indexes &#40;MASES&#44; Berlin and UCSF&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5&#44;13</span></a> Its correct exploration in daily medical practice by the physical examination is limited since the findings are easily confused in those patients with primary or secondary fibromyalgia and in patients with pain amplification syndrome&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Such limitations have led to find imaging techniques for the evaluation of enthesitis&#46; Although there have been recent advances in magnetic resonance&#44; ultrasound &#40;US&#41; seems to be the preferred method to detect enthesitis because it allows an accurate evaluation of the soft tissue components of the entheses and also of the formation of new bone&#46; Hypoechogenicity&#44; increased thickness of the tendon insertion&#44; calcifications&#44; enthesophytes&#44; erosions and Doppler activity have been identified as the most important US characteristics in enthesitis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5&#44;13</span></a> Instruments such as the Glasgow ultrasound enthesitis scoring system &#40;GUESS&#41; or the Spanish enthesitis index &#40;SEI&#41; have been developed to evaluate the presence and severity of enthesitis based on such morphological changes&#44; although these findings are also commonly found in mechanical diseases&#46; More recently&#44; the high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography &#40;HR-pQCT&#41; was introduced to define structural lesions of enthesitis&#44; in particular the quantification of formation of new bone in PsA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The limitation of knowledge on the enthesitis present in these inflammatory diseases is not only for the pathophysiological mechanisms and the diagnostic methods&#44; but also in terms of the treatment since studies to evaluate the treatment of enthesitis have not been specifically designed&#59; however&#44; the observations about the apparent therapeutic efficacy significantly support the known pathophysiological concepts&#46; In the treatment of this manifestation have been used NSAIDs and local steroids&#44; which demonstrate greater efficacy in the acute stages&#59; no disease modifying antirheumatic drug &#40;DMARD&#41; has been shown to be effective for enthesitis except apremilast &#40;a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor&#41;&#46; Tumor necrosis factor alpha &#40;TNF-&#945;&#41; inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy on axial and peripheral manifestations associated with enthesitis both in PsA and SpA&#46; In PsA they demonstrate to improve peri-entheseal osteitis detected by magnetic resonance and to increase the vascularization evaluated by Power Doppler US&#46; Ustekinumab&#44; an antibody against the P40 subunit common for IL-12 and IL-23&#44; has also shown efficacy&#46; More recently&#44; medications such as secukinumab and ixekizumab have demonstrated improvement in the indexes for evaluation of enthesitis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5&#44;14</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Enthesitis is undoubtedly a characteristic finding both of PsA and SpA&#44; for this reason&#44; in our daily practice we must improve our clinical skills to recognize this manifestation&#44; and in case of suspicion and doubtful exploration is necessary to resort to imaging techniques such as US and magnetic resonance to document it&#44; since their finding becomes a factor that negatively impacts the quality of life of patients with these diseases&#44; therefore&#44; it is imperative that the Colombian health system covers the cost of these imaging techniques carried out by qualified and trained personnel&#44; both in rheumatology and in radiology of this type of musculoskeletal manifestations that are so specific of inflammatory diseases&#44; that if are not controlled in a timely and adequate manner&#44; they generate a high economic impact on the system and the society due to the generation of loss of productivity&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Note&#58;</span> An interesting part of the preparation of this manuscript that I would like to share with the readers was the reading of an article published in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Medicina UPB</span> that guided me in the methodology for writing this editorial&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author declares that there is no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:2 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
        ]
        1 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Edwin J&#46; Entesitis&#44; una manifestaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica con muchas inc&#243;gnitas&#46; Rev Colomb Reumatol&#46; 2018&#59;25&#58;221&#8211;223&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:15 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Enthesopathy of rheumatoid and ankylosing spondylitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Ball"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/ard.30.3.213"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1971"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "213"
                        "paginaFinal" => "223"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4103800"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The &#8220;enthesis organ&#8221; concept&#58; why enthesopathies may not present as focal insertional disorders"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Benjamin"
                            1 => "B&#46; Moriggl"
                            2 => "E&#46; Brenner"
                            3 => "P&#46; Emery"
                            4 => "D&#46; McGonagle"
                            5 => "S&#46; Redman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/art.20566"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "50"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3306"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3313"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15476254"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "La entesis como elemento diana en las espondiloartritis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;L&#46; Fernandez-Sueiro"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S1699-258X(06)73017-0"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Reumatol Clin"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "31"
                        "paginaFinal" => "35"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21794299"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "L&#46;I&#46; Sakkas"
                            1 => "I&#46; Alexiou"
                            2 => "T&#46; Simopoulou"
                            3 => "M&#46; Vlychou"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.04.005"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Semin Arthritis Rheum"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "325"
                        "paginaFinal" => "334"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23731532"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Enthesitis&#58; from pathophysiology to treatment"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Schett"
                            1 => "R&#46; Lories"
                            2 => "M&#46;A&#46; D&#8217;Agostino"
                            3 => "D&#46; Elewaut"
                            4 => "B&#46; Kirkham"
                            5 => "E&#46;R&#46; Soriano"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nrrheum.2017.188"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Rev Rheumatol"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "731"
                        "paginaFinal" => "741"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29158573"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetics of spondyloarthritis beyond the MHC"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;D&#46; Reveille"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nrrheum.2012.41"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Rev Rheumatol"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "296"
                        "paginaFinal" => "304"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22487796"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#8216;MHC-I-opathy&#8217;-unified concept for spondyloarthritis and Beh&#231;et disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "D&#46; McGonagle"
                            1 => "S&#46;Z&#46; Aydin"
                            2 => "A&#46; G&#252;l"
                            3 => "A&#46; Mahr"
                            4 => "H&#46; Direskeneli"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nrrheum.2015.147"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Rev Rheumatol"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "731"
                        "paginaFinal" => "740"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26526644"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Synovial fibroblasts directly induce Th17 pathogenicity via the cyclooxygenase&#47;prostaglandin E2 pathway&#44; independent of IL-23"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;M&#46; Paulissen"
                            1 => "J&#46;P&#46; van Hamburg"
                            2 => "N&#46; Davelaar"
                            3 => "P&#46;S&#46; Asmawidjaja"
                            4 => "J&#46;M&#46; Hazes"
                            5 => "E&#46; Lubberts"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.4049/jimmunol.1300274"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "191"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1364"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1372"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23817417"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "IL-23 induces spondyloarthropathy by acting on ROR-&#947;t&#43; CD3&#43;CD4&#8722;CD8&#8722; entheseal resident T cells"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;P&#46; Sherlock"
                            1 => "B&#46; Shaikh"
                            2 => "S&#46;P&#46; Turner"
                            3 => "C&#46;C&#46; Chao"
                            4 => "M&#46; Sathe"
                            5 => "J&#46; Grein"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nm.2817"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Med"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1069"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1076"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22772566"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Interleukin-23-dependent &#947;&#47;&#948; T cells produce interleukin-17 and accumulate in the enthesis&#44; aortic valve&#44; and ciliary body in mice"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Reinhardt"
                            1 => "T&#46; Yevsa"
                            2 => "T&#46; Worbs"
                            3 => "S&#46; Lienenklaus"
                            4 => "I&#46; Sandrock"
                            5 => "L Oberd&#246;rfer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/art.39732"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheumatol"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "68"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2476"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2486"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27111864"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "IL-17A produced by &#947;&#948; T cells plays a critical role in innate immunity against listeria monocytogenes infection in the liver"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Hamada"
                            1 => "M&#46; Umemura"
                            2 => "T&#46; Shiono"
                            3 => "K&#46; Tanaka"
                            4 => "A&#46; Yahagi"
                            5 => "M&#46;D&#46; Begum"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "181"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3456"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3463"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18714018"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A20 inhibition of STAT1 expression in myeloid cells&#58; a novel endogenous regulatory mechanism preventing development of enthesitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; De Wilde"
                            1 => "A&#46; Martens"
                            2 => "S&#46; Lambrecht"
                            3 => "P&#46; Jacques"
                            4 => "M&#46;B&#46; Drennan"
                            5 => "K&#46; Debusschere"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209454"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "76"
                        "paginaInicial" => "585"
                        "paginaFinal" => "592"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27551052"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Enthesitis&#58; a hallmark of psoriatic arthritis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Kaeley"
                            1 => "L&#46; Eder"
                            2 => "S&#46; Aydin"
                            3 => "M&#46; Gutierrez"
                            4 => "C&#46; Bakewell"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sem Arthritis Rheum"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "48"
                        "paginaInicial" => "35"
                        "paginaFinal" => "43"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "2016 update of the ASAS-EULAR management recommendations for axial spondyloarthritis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Van der Heijde"
                            1 => "S&#46; Ramiro"
                            2 => "R&#46; Landew&#233;"
                            3 => "X&#46; Baraliakos"
                            4 => "F&#46; Van denBosch"
                            5 => "A&#46; Sepriano"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210770"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "76"
                        "paginaInicial" => "978"
                        "paginaFinal" => "991"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28087505"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Editorials in Colombian Medical Journals&#58; the art of giving one&#39;s opinion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Sanabria Quiroga"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Medicina UPB"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "89"
                        "paginaFinal" => "97"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/24444405/0000002500000004/v1_201905160826/S2444440519300251/v1_201905160826/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "53600"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Editorial"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/24444405/0000002500000004/v1_201905160826/S2444440519300251/v1_201905160826/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2444440519300251?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]
Article information
ISSN: 24444405
Original language: English
The statistics are updated each day
Year/Month Html Pdf Total
2024 November 3 1 4
2024 October 75 10 85
2024 September 150 7 157
2024 August 85 7 92
2024 July 68 9 77
2024 June 64 6 70
2024 May 73 15 88
2024 April 65 17 82
2024 March 68 15 83
2024 February 60 5 65
2024 January 94 4 98
2023 December 87 6 93
2023 November 90 11 101
2023 October 98 12 110
2023 September 49 2 51
2023 August 53 18 71
2023 July 65 13 78
2023 June 108 10 118
2023 May 115 12 127
2023 April 94 2 96
2023 March 77 5 82
2023 February 57 9 66
2023 January 52 2 54
2022 December 38 4 42
2022 November 46 4 50
2022 October 31 13 44
2022 September 47 22 69
2022 August 35 9 44
2022 July 39 22 61
2022 June 34 15 49
2022 May 38 8 46
2022 April 45 10 55
2022 March 49 11 60
2022 February 39 3 42
2022 January 69 7 76
2021 December 37 11 48
2021 November 54 8 62
2021 October 82 15 97
2021 September 53 10 63
2021 August 66 16 82
2021 July 42 12 54
2021 June 46 8 54
2021 May 65 11 76
2021 April 174 15 189
2021 March 126 19 145
2021 February 114 11 125
2021 January 74 16 90
2020 December 82 15 97
2020 November 89 6 95
2020 October 69 11 80
2020 September 101 20 121
2020 August 183 12 195
2020 July 144 11 155
2020 June 114 13 127
2020 May 127 15 142
2020 April 142 6 148
2020 March 164 14 178
2020 February 168 18 186
2020 January 118 10 128
2019 December 97 10 107
2019 November 77 6 83
2019 October 82 7 89
2019 September 21 4 25
2019 August 11 5 16
2019 July 8 9 17
2019 June 18 31 49
2019 May 22 20 42
Show all

Follow this link to access the full text of the article