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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología Ciática causada por quiste sinovial facetario. Revisión en pacientes menores d...
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Vol. 49. Issue 1.
Pages 36-42 (January 2005)
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Vol. 49. Issue 1.
Pages 36-42 (January 2005)
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Ciática causada por quiste sinovial facetario. Revisión en pacientes menores de 60 años
Sciatica due to synovial facet cyst. Review of patients under 60 years
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1779
M.A. Plasencia
Corresponding author
plashur@msn.com

Correspondencia: C/ Vicente Aleixandre, 10. 28220 Majadahonda. Madrid.
, C. Maestre
Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid
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Objetivo

Estudio clínico retrospectivo de la presencia de quistes sinoviales yuxtafacetarios en el canal medular, como causa de síntomas ciáticos y lumbares, y análisis del resultado a largo plazo de su tratamiento quirúrgico.

Material y método

Se estudian retrospectivamente ocho pacientes intervenidos de un quiste yuxtafacetario en el canal medular. Todos los casos fueron diagnosticados mediante resonancia magnética (RM), e intervenidos ante la falta de mejoría de la sintomatología ciática con el tratamiento conservador. El seguimiento medio fue de 25 meses. El resultado ha sido analizado mediante evaluación clínica que incluía: escala visual (EVA) del dolor residual y porcentaje de discapacidad (Oswestry).

Resultados

La edad media fue de 48 años. El síntoma principal fue la ciática unilateral. Un 37,5% presentaron un cuadro de claudicación neurógena y un 50% mostraron un déficit neurológico. El segmento lumbar L4-L5 (62,5%) fue la localización más frecuente. En el 50% existía una espondilolistesis asociada. En cuatro pacientes se realizó una hemilaminectomía y extirpación del quiste, y en cuatro se añadió una artrodesis vertebral por espondilolistesis concomitante. El resultado ha sido bueno en seis de los ocho pacientes, con una EVA media de 2,6 y un porcentaje de discapacidad de Oswestry del 22,5%.

Conclusiones

Los quistes yuxtafacetarios constituyen un hallazgo de la RM, en pacientes mayores afectados de patología degenerativa, especialmente con espondilolistesis. La resección del quiste y la fusión vertebral, en caso de espondilolistesis degenerativa asociada, proporciona resultados clínicos excelentes.

Palabras clave:
quiste sinovial
ganglión
faceta articular
columna lumbar
Objective

Retrospective clinical study of the presence of synovial facet cysts in the spinal canal as the cause of sciatic and lumbar symptoms. Analysis of the long-term outcome of surgical treatment.

Materials and methods

A retrospective study was made of 8 patients who underwent surgical treatment of a facet cyst in the spinal canal. All patients were diagnosed by MRI and treated surgically due to the failure of conservative treatment to relieve sciatica. The mean follow-up was 25 months. Results were evaluated clinically by grading pain on a visual analog scale (VAS) and assessing the percentage disability.

Results

Mean patient age was 48 years. The main symptom was unilateral sciatica. Neurogenic claudication was present in 37.5% and neurologic deficit in 50%. The L4-L5 lumbar segment (62.5%) was the most frequent location. Spondylolisthesis was associated in 50%. Hemilaminectomy and cyst excision was performed in 4 patients and the same procedure was complemented by vertebral fusion for concomitant spondylolisthesis in 4 patients. The result was good in 6 of the 8 patients, with a mean VAS score of 2.6 and a Oswestry disability rate of 22.5%.

Conclusions

Facet cysts are an MRI finding in older patients or patients with degenerative disease, especially spondylolisthesis. Cyst resection, and spinal fusion in the case of associated degenerative spondylolisthesis, yields excellent clinical results.

Key words:
synovial cyst
ganglion
joint facet
lumbar spine
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Copyright © 2005. Sociedad Española de Cirugia Ortopédica y Traumatología (SECOT)
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