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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología Cirugía de revisión de cadera en situaciones especiales
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Vol. 49. Issue S1.
Pages 106-116 (October 2005)
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Vol. 49. Issue S1.
Pages 106-116 (October 2005)
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Cirugía de revisión de cadera en situaciones especiales
Hip revision surgery in special situations
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X.. Gallart Castanya,
Corresponding author
xgallart@telefonica.net

Correspondencia: X. Gallart Castany. C/ Córcega, 227-229,. 1.°, 3.ª. 08036 Barcelona. xgallart@telefonica.net
, L.M.. Azorín Zafrillab, A.. Blanco Pozoc, H.. Ferrer Escobard, E.. García-Cimbreloe, A.. Murcia Mazónf, S.. Suso Vergaraa
a Hospital Clínic. Barcelona
b Hospital de Traumatología de la Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona
c Hospital General Yagüe-Divino Vallés. Burgos
d Hospital Mutua de Terrassa. Terrassa. Barcelona
e Hospital La Paz. Madrid
f Hospital de Cabueñes. Gijón. Asturias
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Objetivo

Se analizan 18 recambios complejos de cadera, en los que se detectan 25 situaciones particulares que influyen en su resultado final.

Material y método

Valoración del tratamiento y evolución de situaciones especiales que concurren en una serie retrospectiva multicéntrica de recambios de cadera. Dichas situaciones, definidas por los autores, son: antecedente séptico (4 casos), artritis reumatoide (un caso), osteoporosis importante (7 casos), fracturas periprotésicas (un caso), displasias de coxal (dos casos), discontinuidad pélvica (un caso); megacótilos (un caso), vástagos largos (8 casos) y luxación recidivante (un caso). Se determina la puntuación de Merle D’Aubigne y Postel, el signo de Trendelenburg y la dismetría final. Para los acetábulos se utilizan los métodos de DeLee y Charnley, así como la medición de migración craneal y medial. Para los vástagos se consideran los criterios de Engh. El seguimiento medio de estos pacientes es de 56 meses.

Resultados

Los resultados son favorables en cuanto al dolor y movilidad, persistiendo marcha en Trendelenburg en 10 pacientes. La dismetría media final es de 2 cm. No se aprecia radiolucencia cemento-hueso en tres cótilos cementados. En displasia de coxal uno de los casos presenta fracaso del material al año de la intervención. Los 18 vástagos se consideran estables al final del seguimiento. De los aloinjertos utilizados 9 tienen un aspecto correcto y uno presenta una reabsorción parcial.

Conclusiones

La cirugía de revisión en casos complejos de aflojamiento de prótesis total de cadera reviste particularidades que, a cada paciente, le confiere un determinado grado de dificultad. Ésta se ve incrementada por la concurrencia de situaciones especiales.

Palabras clave:
artroplastia
recambio cadera
complicación intraoperatoria
Aim

In an analysis of 18 complex hip replacements, 25 special circumstances that affected the final results were detected.

Materials and methods

The treatment and outcome of special circumstances found in a retrospective multicenter series of hip replacements were assessed. These situations, defined by the authors, were sepsis (4 patients), rheumatoid arthritis (1 patient), major osteoporosis (7 patients), periprosthetic fracture (1 patients), coxal dysplasia (2 patients), pelvic discontinuity (1 patients), mega-acetabulum (1 patients), long stems (8 patients), and recurrent dislocation (1 patient).The Merle D’Aubigne and Postel score was determined and the Trendelenberg sign and final dysmetry were evaluated. The DeLee and Charnley methods were used for cups, in addition to measurement of cephalad and medial migration. Stems were evaluated used the Engh criteria. The mean follow-up of these patients was 56 months.

Results

The results were favorable in terms of pain and mobility, with persistence of Trendelenberg gait in 10 patients. The mean final dysmetry was 2 cm. No cement-bone radiolucence was appreciated in 3 cemented cups. Among the patients with coxal dysplasia, one suffered material failure one year after the intervention. The 18 stems were considered stable at the conclusion of follow-up. Of the allografts used, 9 exhibited a correct appearance and 1 showed partial resorption.

Conclusions

Revision surgery in complex cases of loosening of a total hip arthroplasty has special features that determine the difficulty of surgery in each patient. These difficulties are compounded by the presence of special circumstances.

Keywords:
arthroplasty
hip replacement
intraoperative complications
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