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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología Evaluación del potencial osteogénico de los polímeros bioabsorbibles derivado...
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Vol. 47. Issue 6.
Pages 428-433 (January 2003)
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Vol. 47. Issue 6.
Pages 428-433 (January 2003)
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Evaluación del potencial osteogénico de los polímeros bioabsorbibles derivados del ácido láctico utilizados como sustitutivos óseos. Estudio experimental en conejos*
Evaluation of the osteogenic potential of bioresorbable lactic-acid polymers used as bone fillers. Experimental study in rabbits
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F. Castillo, S. Suso*, P. Fernández de Retana
Instituto Clínico del Aparato Locomotor (ICAL). Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Barcelona
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Article information

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la regeneración ósea provocada por polímeros de ácido poliláctico (PLA) en función de su peso molecular y de la proporción de isómeros ópticos.

Material y método

Se realizó un estudio experimental utilizando como animal de experimentación conejos albinos machos de raza Nueva Zelanda creando un defecto de 6 mm en el cóndilo femoral del conejo. Se estudiaron 4 tipos de homopolímeros de ácido láctico (PLA) con dos pesos moleculares distintos (30.000 y 60.000 Daltons) y con dos proporciones de isómeros ópticos L/D diferentes (80/20 y 50/50). Para la valoración de los resultados hemos realizando un estudio histológico, histomorfométrico y radiológico.

Resultados

Se observó mayor formación de trabéculas óseas y mayor reabsorción del polímero en el grupo PLA 50/50 (30.000) que en el resto de grupos. Observamos diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los parámetros histomorfométricos. El grupo PLA 50/50 (30.000) presentó mayor neoformación ósea y tasa de absorción del polímero (p < 0,05). En el estudio radiológico observamos una mayor neoformación ósea en el grupo PLA 50/50 (30.000) que en el resto de los grupos de estudio con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,001).

Conclusiones

Todos los homopolímeros estudiados se comportan como sustancias osteoconductivas, pero el grupo de los homopolímeros de PLA 50/50 (30.000) presenta una mayor neoformación ósea y una mayor reabsorción de polímero que los otros tres grupos (p < 0,05).

Palabras clave:
sustitutivos óseos
polímeros bioabsorbibles
ácido poliláctico

The aim of this study was to investigate bone regeneration induced by polylactic acid polymers (PLA) in relation to their molecular weight and the relative proportions of optical isomers.

Materials and methods

An experimental study was made using male albino New Zealand rabbits. A 6-millimeter defect was created in the femoral condyle of each rabbit. Four types of lactic acid homopolymer of two different molecular weights (30,000 and 60,000 Daltons) and two different proportions of levo/dextro optical isomers (80/20 and 50/50) were studied. The results were evaluated by histological, histomorphometric and radiological study.

Results

There was more trabecular bone formation and more polymer resorption in the PLA 50/50 group than in other groups, with statistically significant differences in the histomorphometric parameters. The PLA 50/50 group (30,000) had more bone neoformation and a greater polymer resorption rate (p < 0.05). Radiological study disclosed more bone neoformation in the PLA 50/50 group than in the other study groups, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

All the homopolymers studied behaved like osteoconductive substances, but the group of PLA 50/50 homopolymers (30,000) exhibited more bone neoformation and more polymer resorption than the other three groups (p < 0.05).

Key words:
bone fillers
bioresorbable polymers
polylactic acid
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