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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología Modelo de interfaz cemento-vástago en artroplastias totales de cadera. Estudio ...
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Vol. 50. Issue 2.
Pages 137-143 (January 2006)
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Vol. 50. Issue 2.
Pages 137-143 (January 2006)
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Modelo de interfaz cemento-vástago en artroplastias totales de cadera. Estudio de la superficie con elementos finitos
Cement-femoral stem interface model in total hip prosthesis: study of the surface with finite elements
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B. Seral-Garcíaa,
Corresponding author
bseral@terra.es

Correspondencia: P.° Constitución 25, 2.° dcha. 50001 Zaragoza.
, M.A. Pérez-Ansónb, F. Seral-Iñigoa, J.M. García-Aznarb, M. Doblaré-Castellanob
a Servicio de Traumatología y Cirugía Ortopédica. Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa. Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A). Universidad de Zaragoza
b Grupo de Estructuras y Modelado de Materiales (GEMM). Centro Politécnico Superior. Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A). Universidad de Zaragoza
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Introducción

La separación entre el cemento y el implante femoral se relaciona con los aflojamientos asépticos y con la supervivencia de los implantes. El objetivo del trabajo es el desarrollo de un modelo de daño que simule la degradación del cemento y el aflojamiento del implante, con dos acabados superficiales del vástago.

Material y método

Aplicamos un modelo axisimétrico de elementos finitos de un vástago rodeado por una capa de cemento. La carga de compresión aplicada al vástago varía de 0 a 7 kN con frecuencia de 1 Hz durante 1,7 millones de ciclos. Una vez que se soltó la interfaz se incorporó rozamiento entre ambas superficies.

Resultados

En los vástagos lisos el daño estimado en el cemento estaba más distribuido, siendo el daño global menor. En los rugosos hay mayor concentración del daño y mayor degradación del cemento en la zona distal, continuándose por la zona proximal.

Conclusión

La simulación con elementos finitos permite predecir el comportamiento de los implantes relacionando macrogeometría y superficie. En nuestro modelo se demuestra la influencia del acabado superficial del vástago en la localización e intensidad del daño en el cemento y en la interfaz.

Palabras clave:
vástago
femoral
cemento
aspereza de superficie
artroplastia de cadera
elementos finitos
Introduction

Debonding of the stem-cement interface is one of the most important causes aseptic loosening of the femoral stem, and it is related with the implant survival. The main goal of this study is the development of a damage model, in order to simulate the cement degradation and the debonding process of the stem-cement interface, respectively. We would consider two different surfaced finishing of the stem.

Materials and methods

An axisymetric finite element model of a stem and the surrounding cement mantle was developed. The cement damage model was also implemented to simulate its degradation. The stem was gradually compressed in the cement by a dynamic, sinusoidal axial force, cycling between 0 and 7 kN for 1.7 million cycles at a frequency of 1 Hz. When the interface is completely debonded, contact friction is incorporated between both surfaces.

Results

Subsidence is higher in the polished stems because the stem-cement interface is completely debonded. Cement damage in the polished stem is more distributed and quantitatively is lower than for the rough stems, where cement damage is more concentrated distally.

Conclusion

Finite element models are able to predict the behaviour of implants relating the stem geometry with its surface finished. The influence of the surface finished on the cement damage and debonding process of the stem-cement interface have been demonstrated with the model proposed.

Key words:
stem
femoral
cement
surface finished
total hip arthroplasty
finite elements
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Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Cirugia Ortopédica y Traumatología (SECOT)
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