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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología Revisión acetabular en situaciones de defecto óseo masivo
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Vol. 49. Issue S1.
Pages 93-99 (October 2005)
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Vol. 49. Issue S1.
Pages 93-99 (October 2005)
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Revisión acetabular en situaciones de defecto óseo masivo
Acetabular revision in massive bone defect situations
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L.M.. Azorín Zafrillaa,
Corresponding author
luis.azorin@gmail.com

Correspondencia: L.M. Azorín Zafrilla. c/ Aribau, 225, 6.°, 5.ª. 08021 Barcelona. luis.azorin@gmail.com
, A.. Blanco Pozob, H.. Ferrer Escobarc, X.. Gallart Castanyd, E.. García-Cimbreloe, A.. Murcia Mazónf, S.. Suso Vergarad
a Hospital de Traumatología de la Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona
b Hospital General Yagüe-Divino Vallés. Burgos
c Hospital Mutua de Terrassa. Terrassa. Barcelona
d Hospital Clínic. Barcelona
e Hospital La Paz. Madrid
f Hospital de Cabueñes. Gijón. Asturias
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Objetivo

Presentar diversas actitudes terapéuticas ante la revisión de componentes acetabulares en casos de pérdida importante de la reserva ósea. Esta pérdida ósea está condicionada, fundamentalmente, a la movilización de los componentes de la prótesis implantada en la cirugía primaria.

Material y métodos

De los 30 pacientes objeto del estudio, en 29 de ellos se llevó a cabo la revisión del componente acetabular, aisladamente en 6 ocasiones y en 23 conjuntamente con la revisión del componente femoral. Sólo en uno de los pacientes se realizó aisladamente la revisión del componente femoral. En cuanto al tipo de componente utilizado, se observa una correlación evidente entre la magnitud del defecto y la modalidad de fijación del componente: cuando existía hueso huésped suficiente se han empleado componentes de fijación biológica no cementados; cuando no se cumplían estas condiciones se optó por la utilización de dispositivos de refuerzo acetabular, ya fueran anillos de sostén o jaulas antiprotrusión y la cementación, en su interior, del polietileno.

Resultados

Tanto en parámetros clínicos como radiográficos, y con un tiempo medio de seguimiento de 55 meses, muestran la persistencia del signo de Trendelenburg en 16 de los 29 pacientes. En cuanto a la posición del centro de rotación de la cadera, en 19 pacientes existía un desplazamiento craneal del mismo. En los 13 pacientes en los que se utilizó aloinjerto se observó sistemáticamente reabsorción y corticalización del fondo acetabular.

Conclusiones

A largo plazo el «punto débil» de la artroplastia es el componente cotiloideo, especialmente si éste es cementado. En situaciones de deterioro límite existen alternativas quirúrgicas que, aunque no proporcionan una función excelente, sí que permiten elevar ostensiblemente la calidad de vida, a juzgar por la valoración subjetiva realizada por los 29 pacientes que componen la serie motivo del presente trabajo.

Palabras clave:
recambio
artroplastia
cadera
complicación intraoperatoria
Aim

Several therapeutic approaches to the revision of acetabular components in cases of major bone loss are examined. Bone loss is conditioned mainly by mobilization of the prosthetic components implanted during primary surgery.

Materials and methods

Of the 30 patients included in the study, revision of the acetabular component was carried out in 29 patients, as the only procedure in 6 patients and together with femoral revision surgery in 23 patients. Femoral revision alone was performed in only one patient. With regard to the component used, there was a clear correlation between the size of the defect and fixation of the component: when there was enough host bone, uncemented biological fixation components were used. When these conditions were not met, acetabular reinforcement devices were used, consisting of cerclage or antiprotrusion cages, with polyethylene cement.

Results

The clinical and radiographic parameters, after a mean follow-up of 55 months indicated persistence of the Trendelenburg sign in 16 of 29 patients. The center of hip rotation showed cephalad displacement in 19 patients. In 13 patients who received allografts, resorption and corticalization of the acetabular cup was observed systematically.

Conclusions

In the long term, the weak point of hip arthroplasty is the cup, particularly cemented cups. In situations of extreme deterioration, certain surgical alternatives can improve quality of life, to judge from the subjective evaluation of the 29 patients in our series.

Keywords:
revision
arthroplasty
hip
intraoperative complication
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