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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition) Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome: Orthopaedic considerations
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Vol. 55. Issue 2.
Pages 151-157 (March - April 2011)
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Vol. 55. Issue 2.
Pages 151-157 (March - April 2011)
Review article
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome: Orthopaedic considerations
Enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth: consideraciones ortopédicas
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P. Fernández de Retanaa,
Corresponding author
pfernan@hsrafael.es

Corresponding author.
, D. Poggiob
a Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica, Hospital de San Rafael, Barcelona, Spain
b Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a degenerative hereditary disease of the peripheral nervous system. The change is progressive and causes deformities in the feet and hands. The musculature of the leg and foot are most affected. The form of presentation is very diverse owing to the muscle involvement being different in each patient. The high-arched foot is the most common form of presentation. Conservative treatment consists of correction splints, in-soles and rehabilitation. Surgery may be indicated when conservative treatment fails. The deformity and pain are the main problems. In flexion deformities surgery is indicated to conserve the joints. Claw hammer toes should be treated with tendon transfers and arthroplasty. The claw deformity in the big toe is caused by the descent of the first metatarsal and hyperactivity of the hallucis longus extensor muscle. The Jones technique is performed as treatment for this deformity of the big toe. The descent of the first metatarsal requires a dorsiflexion osteotomy in the base of the first metatarsal. For the hind foot varus a calcaneal vagus osteotomy is used. The tightening of the plantar fascia, gastrocnemius and Achilles is treated with an extension of the muscle contractures. When the deformities are rigid, it will be necessary to perform an arthrodesis of the affected joints. The arthrodesis most used is the triple arthrodesis.

Keywords:
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Orthopaedics
Resumen

La enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth es una enfermedad heredodegenerativa del sistema nervioso periférico. La alteración es progresiva, y provoca deformidades en pies y manos. La musculatura de la pierna y el pie es la más afectada. La forma de presentación es muy diversa debido a que la afectación muscular es diferente en cada paciente. El pie cavo-varo es la forma de presentación habitual. El tratamiento conservador consiste en férulas correctoras, plantillas y rehabilitación. La indicación quirúrgica se plantea cuando fracasa el tratamiento conservador. La deformidad y el dolor son los problemas principales. En las deformidades flexibles se plantean cirugías para preservar las articulaciones. Los dedos en garra se tratarán con transferencias tendinosas o artroplastias. La deformidad en garra del dedo gordo se produce por el descenso del primer metatarsiano y la hiperactividad del músculo extensor hallucis longus. El tratamiento de esta deformidad del dedo gordo se realiza mediante la técnica de Jones. El descenso del primer metatarsiano necesitará una osteotomía dorsiflexora en la base del primer metatarsiano. Para el varo de retropié se utiliza la osteotomía valguizante de calcáneo. La retracción de la fascia plantar, gastrocnemio y Aquiles se trata con elongación de las estructuras retraídas. Cuando las deformidades son rígidas, será necesario realizar una artrodesis de las articulaciones afectadas. La artrodesis más utilizada es la triple artrodesis.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth
Ortopedia
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Copyright © 2011. Sociedad Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (SECOT). All rights reserved
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