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Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition)
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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition) Treatment of musculoskeletal injuries of multiple-trauma patients in a Spanish t...
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Vol. 52. Issue 3.
Pages 137-144 (May - June 2008)
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Vol. 52. Issue 3.
Pages 137-144 (May - June 2008)
Original article
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Treatment of musculoskeletal injuries of multiple-trauma patients in a Spanish tertiary referral hospital
Tratamiento de las lesiones del aparato locomotor del paciente politraumatizado en un hospital universitario español de tercer nivel
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J. Payo
Corresponding author
jpayor@hotmail.com

Corresponding author: Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. Hospital Universitario La Paz. P.o de la Castellana 261. 28046 Madrid.
, A.M. Foruria, L. Munuera, E. Gil-Garay
Departament of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery. La Paz University Hospital. Madrid
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Purpose

To analyze the diagnostic and therapeutic protocol used in multiple-trauma patients with musculoskeletal injuries at a Spanish tertiary referral hospital that lacks a specific unit endowed with the functional structure to treat these patients.

Materials and methods

Retrospective observational study. All patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) between January 2001 and May 2003 with a diagnosis of multiple trauma to the musculoskeletal system were included. There were a total of 135 patients, of which 120 could be evaluated. The patients’ clinical records were analyzed and a record was made of the mechanism of injury, ISS (Injury Severity Score) and NISS (New Injury Severity Score) calculations, treatment administered in each case and time of administration, any ensuing complications and mortality rate. The SPSS 11.0 software was used for data analysis.

Results

Mean age was 38 (range: 15-75 years). Ninety-five (80%) were male. The main mechanisms of injury were road accidents and pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions (65%). Mean ICU stay was 13.5 days (range: 1-130). Thirty-three percent were operated on for their musculoskeletal lesions. Main time-to-fracture stabilization was 9.3 days (range: 1-70). Thirty-three patients (28%) developed inflammatory systemic complications and 37 (31%) had serious infections. Twenty-one patients (18%) died 8.5 days (range 1-50 days) after their admission.

Conclusions

A comparison with protocols and results published by dedicated multiple-trauma units from other countries reveals the need for a greater degree of protocolization and multidisciplinary coordination to improve the treatment of the bone and joint pathologies of these patients in referral hospitals.

Key words:
multiple-trauma patient
early treatment
injury assessment
long bone stabilization
delayed fracture fixation
Objetivo

Analizar el proceso diagnóstico y tratamiento del paciente politraumatizado con lesiones del aparato locomotor en un hospital español de tercer nivel sin unidad específica estructurada funcionalmente para la atención de estos pacientes.

Material y método

Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) bajo el diagnóstico de politraumatismo con lesiones del aparato locomotor entre enero de 2001 y mayo de 2003, 135 enfermos, de los cuales 120 pudieron ser evaluados. Se procedió al estudio de las historias clínicas, registrándose el mecanismo causal, diagnósticos, cálculo del ISS (Injury Severity Score) y NISS (New Injury Severity Score), tratamientos aplicados y el momento en el que se realizaron, complicaciones desarrolladas y mortalidad. Se utilizó el software SPSS 11.0 para el análisis de los datos.

Resultados

La edad media fue 38 (rango 15-75 años). Noventa y cinco (80%) eran hombres. Los mecanismos causales principales fueron el accidente de tráfico y el atropello (65%). La estancia media en UCI fue 13,5 días (rango 1-130). El 33% fue intervenido de las lesiones del aparato locomotor. La demora media en la estabilización de las fracturas fue 9,3 días (rango 1-70). Treinta y tres pacientes (28%) desarrollaron complicaciones sistémicas inflamatorias, y 37 (31%) presentaron infecciones graves. Veintiún pacientes (18%) fallecieron en una media de 8,5 días (rango 1-50 días) después de ingresar.

Conclusiones

La comparación con los protocolos y resultados publicados por unidades específicas para politraumatizados en otros países demuestra la conveniencia de una mayor protocolización y coordinación multidisciplinar para mejorar la atención de la patología osteoarticular de estos pacientes en centros de referencia.

Palabras clave:
politraumatizado
tratamiento precoz
evaluación de lesiones
estabilización de huesos largos
fijación diferida de fracturas
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Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (SECOT). All rights reserved
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