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Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología Exploring factors influencing delirium incidence: Insights from the Alzira cohor...
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Vol. 60. Issue 1. (In progress)
(January - February 2025)
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Vol. 60. Issue 1. (In progress)
(January - February 2025)
Brief report
Exploring factors influencing delirium incidence: Insights from the Alzira cohort study, 2012–2021
Explorando factores que influyen en la incidencia de delirium. Análisis de datos de la cohorte retrospectiva Alzira 2012-2021
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Daniela Villalón-Rubioa,
Corresponding author
dandrea.villalon@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Elisa García-Terceroa, Jesús López-Gómeza, Hugo Gonzálezb, Ángel Belenguer-Vareaa, Cristina Cunha-Pérezc, Miguel Germán Bordad, Francisco José Tarazona-Santabalbinaa,c,e
a Geriatric Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario de la Ribera, Carretera de Corbera km. 1, 46600 Alzira, Spain
b Departamento de Geriatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
c Medical School, Universidad Católica de Valencia Sant Vicent Màrtir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
d Centre for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
e Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Table 1. Characteristics of patients admitted for hip fracture (La Ribera University Hospital).
Table 2. Mortality of patients admitted for hip fracture (La Ribera University Hospital).
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Abstract
Introduction

Hip fractures are a common pathology among older adults, often accompanied by significant complications such as delirium, a geriatric syndrome associated with prolonged hospitalization, reduced functional recovery, and decreased overall survival rates. This study aims to determine the incidence of delirium and its correlation with various factors during hospitalization, as well as its impact on short-, medium-, and long-term survival.

Methodology

A retrospective cohort study was undertaken to examine hospital admissions of individuals aged 70 years or older diagnosed with hip fractures at the Hospital Universitario La Ribera in Alzira, Valencia, from January 2012 to December 2021.

Results

A total of 3226 patients were recruited, mean of 85 years, 73.7% females, 26.3% males. Delirium was observed in 10.9% of patients during hospitalization (68.8% females, p=0.029). Patients diagnosed with delirium exhibited a greater prevalence of dementia (25.2%, p<0.001) and chronic kidney disease (14.7%, p=0.018). Delirium was also significantly associated with older age (mean 86.5 years [SD 5.6], p<0.001), increased number of complications (mean 1.4 [SD 1.6], p<0.001), cardiac complications (9.1%, p=0.036), anemia (21.7%, p<0.001), and urinary tract infections (7.4%, p<0.001) during hospitalization. Furthermore, patients with delirium experienced a prolonged hospital stay (mean 9 vs. 7.9 days, p<0.001) and significantly higher short-, medium-, and long-term mortality rates.

Discussion

The study findings underscore a significant association between delirium and comorbidities, complications, and mortality. Early identification of patients at risk for delirium will allow us to implement targeted interventions focused on prevention to enhance patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Delirium
Hip fracture
Mortality
Resumen
Introducción

La fractura de cadera es una afección común en los adultos mayores, que se relaciona con un incremento de complicaciones como el delirium, un síndrome geriátrico asociado a una mayor estancia hospitalaria, peor recuperación funcional y menor supervivencia. El objetivo del estudio es determinar la incidencia de delirium y su correlación con diversos factores durante la hospitalización, como su impacto en la supervivencia a corto, mediano y largo plazo.

Metodología

Se diseñó un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva con los ingresos hospitalarios de adultos de edad igual o superior a 70 años, con diagnóstico de fractura de cadera efectuados en el Hospital Universitario La Ribera (Alzira, Valencia) desde enero de 2012 a diciembre de 2021.

Resultados

Se reclutaron 3.226 pacientes, con edad media de 85 años, el 73,7% mujeres y el 26,3% varones. El 10,9% de los pacientes presentó delirium durante la hospitalización (68,8% mujeres; p=0,029). Los pacientes con delirium presentaron mayor prevalencia de demencia (25,2%; p<0,001) y enfermedad renal crónica (14,7%; p=0,018). Asimismo, el delirium se asoció significativamente a mayor edad (media: 86,5 años [DE: 5,6]; p<0,001), número de complicaciones (media: 1,4 [DE: 1,6]; p<0,001), complicaciones cardiacas (9,1%; p=0,.036), anemia (21,8%, p<0,001) e infecciones de tracto urinario (7,4%; p<0,001) durante la hospitalización. Aquellos con delirium tuvieron mayor estancia hospitalaria (9 vs. 7,9 días; p<0,001) como mayor mortalidad a corto, medio y largo plazo.

Discusión

El estudio muestra una asociación significativa entre la presencia de delirium, y comorbilidades, complicaciones y mortalidad. El identificar tempranamente a los pacientes con riesgo de delirium, nos permitirá implementar acciones preventivas para mejorar la recuperación de nuestros pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Delirium
Fractura de cadera
Mortalidad

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