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Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología Aspectos éticos del diagnóstico presintomático de la enfermedad de Alzheimer
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Vol. 46. Issue S1.
Pages 55-59 (October 2011)
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Vol. 46. Issue S1.
Pages 55-59 (October 2011)
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Aspectos éticos del diagnóstico presintomático de la enfermedad de Alzheimer
Ethical considerations in the presymptomatic diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
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Humberto Kessel Sardiñas
Unidad de Valoración y Cuidados Geriátricos, Hospital Torrecárdenas, Almería, España
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Resumen

No cabe duda de que la investigación del genoma humano abre una nueva dimensión en medicina. Que podamos contar con un arma que identifique la causa de determinadas patologías, especialmente las neurodegenerativas, cambiará definitivamente los conceptos de enfermedad y tratamiento, convirtiendo en instrumentos arcaicos avances como la antibioticoterapia y la anestesia. Pero la llegada de la medicina genómica trae consigo importantes retos en el campo de la bioética, muchos aún sin dilucidar. Revisamos especialmente la aplicabilidad, los resultados y las consecuencias de las predicciones basadas en pruebas genéticas en enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) presintomática. También los dilemas y contradicciones que ya están aflorando desde la comercialización de tests predictivos de uso público, con poca o ninguna supervisión médica. Al tratarse de una patología para la que no existe un tratamiento efectivo en el momento actual, el manejo de la información de los resultados de las pruebas predictivas plantea el mayor reto y la mayor contradicción. No existe indicación para la realización de pruebas genéticas predictivas en EA tardía o esporádica, aunque no se descarta ofrecer asesoramiento a todo aquel que lo solicite. En solicitantes con criterio de inclusión, el programa PICOGEN aporta una opción eficaz, segura, fiable y satisfactoria para los interesados. En el momento actual, la cautela debe ser la norma a la hora de platearse la realización de tests predictivos en demencia presintomática.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de Alzheimer presintomática
Bioética
Tests predictivos
Abstract

Research into the human genome has undoubtedly opened up a new perspective in medicine. The ability to identify the cause of specific diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases, will definitively change the concepts of disease and treatment, while advances such as antibiotic therapy and anesthesia will be relegated to history. However, the arrival of genome medicine poses major bioethical challenges, many of which remain to be resolved. We review the applicability, results and consequences of predictions based on genetic tests for presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease, as well as the dilemmas and contradictions that are already arising as a result of the commercialization of predictive tests for public use with little or no medical supervision. Given that there is currently no effective treatment of Alzheimer¿s disease, the greatest challenge and contradiction lies in managing the results of predictive tests. There are no indications for the performance of predictive genetic tests in late or sporadic Alzheimer's disease or for counselling of persons requesting these tests. The PICOGEN program provides a safe, effective, reliable and satisfactory option for persons requesting these tests who meet the inclusion criteria. Currently, caution should be the norm when considering the performance of predictive tests in presymptomatic dementia.

Keywords:
Presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease
Bioethics
Predictive tests
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Copyright © 2011. SEGG
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