Efecto del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre la autonomía funcional en mujeres mayores sanas | Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología

Article information

Objetivo

Evaluar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza durante 20 semanas sobre la autonomía funcional de mujeres mayores saludables.

Material y métodos

Participaron 24 mujeres mayores de 65 años divididas en grupo experimental (GE; n=13) y grupo control (GC; n=11). El GE fue sometido a 20 semanas de intervención constituida por 2 fases de entrenamiento: extensión de rodillas, supino en posición sentada, tirón en la polea, flexion unilateral de rodillas, flexión parcial de tronco (abdominal), trabajo de bíceps y tríceps en la polea. Se determinó la autonomía functional mediante una batería de pruebas incluidas en el protocolo GDLAM antes del ejercicio y en la 4.a y 20.a semana. Se compararon los resultados mediante ANOVA multivariada para medidas repetidas, siguiendo la prueba post hoc de Tukey para muestras desiguales, adoptando un nivel de significación estadística p<0,05 (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%).

Resultados

Edad media mayor en el GC (71,4 años frente a 65,6). Tras la realización del entrenamiento (20 semanas), se observa una mejoría significativa para las puntuaciones de autonomía funcional y niveles de fuerza para el GE (ANOVA; F=19,65, p<0,001 y F>5,86; p<0,005, respectivamente) en relación al GC.

Conclusión

La realización de entrenamiento de fuerza durante 20 semanas muestra una mejora en la autonomía funcional para realización de las actividades de la vida diaria en mujeres mayors sanas. Cabe indicar ejercicio específico en grupos seleccionados de población mayor con riesgo de pérdida de autonomía.

Palabras clave:

Envejecimiento

Autonomía funcional

Entrenamiento de fuerza

Objective

To evaluate the effect of a 20-week strength training program on functional status in healthy elderly women.

Material and methods

Twenty-four women aged more than 65 years old participated in this study. The women were divided into an experimental group (EG, n=13) and a control group (CG, n=11). The EG underwent a 20-week intervention consisting of two training phases: knee extension, supine in a sitting position, machine lat pull-down, unilateral knee flexion, partial flexion of the trunk (abdominal), and biceps curl and triceps extension against resistance. Functional status was determined through a battery of tests included in the GDLAM protocol before exercise and at weeks 4 and 20. The results were compared through multivariate repeated measures ANOVA, with the post-hoc Tukey test for unequal samples. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05 (95% CI).

Results

The mean age was greater in the CG (71.4 years versus 65.6). After the training program (at week 20), a significant improvement was observed in the scores for functional status and strength in the EG (ANOVA; F=19.65, p<0.001 and F>5.86; p<0.005, respectively) in comparison with the CG.

Conclusion

The 20-week strength training program improved functional autonomy in activities of daily living in healthy elderly women. Specific exercises should be indicated in selected groups of the elderly population at risk of loss of autonomy.

Key words:

Ageing

Functional assessment

Strength training

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