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Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología Factores determinantes del destino al alta tras un ictus en ancianos
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Vol. 36. Issue 3.
Pages 145-149 (January 2001)
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Vol. 36. Issue 3.
Pages 145-149 (January 2001)
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Factores determinantes del destino al alta tras un ictus en ancianos
Determining factors of destination on discharge after a stroke in elderly patients
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C. Fabre*, J.A. Egido, E. Varela de Seijas, J.M. Ribera
Servicios de Geriatría y Neurología. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid
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Objetivo

Valorar los factores sociofamiliares y clínicos que pueden influir en el destino al alta hospitalaria tras un ictus.

Material Y Métodos

Estudio retrospectivo. 107 pacientes ingresados en una unidad de ictus. Se analizaron variables socioculturales, clínicas y relacionadas con las características del ictus. Se recogió el destino al alta del paciente tras el ictus como variable dependiente objetivo del estudio. Se evaluó la asociación entre variables cualitativas con el test de ji-cuadrado y entre variables cuantitativas con el análisis de la varianza (ANOVA).

Resultados

46,7% varones. 65-91 años (74,6 ± 6,3). El ictus fue: cardioembólico 15%, lacunar 24,3%, aterotrombótico 46,7% y hemorragias intracerebrales 14%. Variables que influyeron significativamente en el destino al alta a domicilio propio: estado civil casado, estudios primarios, alerta al ingreso, alta puntuación en la escala canadiense al ingreso y al alta, déficit sensitivo-motor leve o ausente, distribución faciobraquial y crural del déficit motor, ausencia de afectación de la marcha por el ictus, recuperación de la marcha autónoma durante el ingreso (p< 0,001). No fueron significativas las variables: sexo, edad, nivel de renta, tipo de ictus, puntuación baja en la escala de Rankin preictus, patologías crónicas, deglución y lenguaje conservados, recuperación del déficit sensitivo-motor, ausencia de complicaciones durante el ingreso.

Conclusiones

En el destino al alta son importantes los factores sociofamiliares como el estado civil casado y los estudios primarios, y también las características propias del ictus como alerta al ingreso, déficit sensitivo-motor leve o ausente, déficit motor de distribución faciobraquial y crural, alta puntuación en la escala canadiense al ingreso y al alta, ausente afectación de la marcha por el ictus y recuperación de la marcha autónoma durante el ingreso. Sería deseable mejorar los sistemas de apoyo domiciliario para la población moderadamente incapacitada, que puede reintegrarse a su medio habitual.

Palabras clave:
Ictus
Destino al alta
Factores neurológicos
Factores sociofamiliares
Objective

To assess the sociofamilial and clinical factors with influence in patient's destination on hospital discharge after a stroke.

Material and Methods

Retrospective study of 107 patients hospitalized in the Stroke Unit. Sociocultural, clinical variables and those related with the stroke characteristics were analyzed. The destination of the patients on discharge after the stroke was recorded as the dependent endpoint being studied. The association between qualitative variables was analyzed with the chi-squared test and the association between quantitative variables with the analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

46.7% males. 65-91 years (74.6 ± 6.3). The stroke was cardioembolic 15%, lacunar 24.3%, atherothrombotic 46.7% and intracerebral hemorrhaging 14%. Variables that significantly influenced in the patient's destination being his or her home on discharge were: civil status - married, primary studies, alert on admission, high score on the Canadian scale on admission and discharge, mild or absent sensor-motor deficit, faciobrachial and crural distribution of motor deficit, absence of affectation in the gait due to the stroke, recovery of the autonomous gait during admission (p< 0.001). The following variables were not significant: sex, age, income level, type of stroke, low score on the prestroke Rankin scale, chronic pathologies, conserved deglutition and language, recovery of sensory-motor deficit, absence of complications during hospitalization.

Conclusions

In the destination on discharge, sociofamilial factors such as married civil status and primary studies as well as the characteristics of the stroke itself such as being alert on admission, mild or absent sensory-motor deficit, motor deficit of the faciobrachial and crural distribution, high score on the Canadian scale on admission and discharge, absence of affectation of gait due to stroke and recovery of the autonomous gait during hospitalization are important. It would be desirable to improve the home care support systems for the moderately incapacitated population that can be reintegrated into their normal environment.

Key words:
Stroke
Destination on discharge
Neurological factors
Sociofamilial factors
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Copyright © 2001. Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
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