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Resumen
A medida que ha ido progresando el conocimiento sobre los mecanismos de interacción entre los campos magnéticos exógenos y el cuerpo humano se han ido incrementando sus aplicaciones terapéuticas, al mismo tiempo que se iban produciendo más eficientes y más especializados equipos y sistemas para aplicarlos.
Los grandes avances que se consiguieron en traumatología y en rehabilitación dan paso a su empleo en el tratamiento de enfermedades degenerativas. Esta nueva indicación ha precisado modificaciones sustanciales en el diseño de los aplicadores con los que se genera el campo magnético en el que se sumerge al paciente durante cada sesión terapéutica.
En el presente trabajo se revisan los conocimientos sobre la interacción campos magnéticos-organismos y los parámetros que regulan la interacción y sus efectos.
Se describen los dos rangos de intensidad de los campos terapéuticos: a) campos del orden de militeslas (10–3 T), que tienen efectos sobre ciertos procesos metabólicos, regidos por las leyes de la fisicoquímica clásica, y b) campos extremadamente tenues, del orden de picoteslas (10–12 T), que actúan sobre ciertos procesos neuronales y que se rigen por las leyes de la física cuántica. Los primeros se utilizan en la corrección de fallos en la reparación ósea, mientras que los segundos están mostrando su eficiencia en el tratamiento de algunas enfermedades degenerativas, como la esclerosis múltiple o las enfermedades de Parkinson y de Alzheimer. Dado lo tenue de los campos con los que hay que actuar sobre el cerebro, resulta muy prometedora la posibilidad de aplicarlos en la modalidad de campos cruzados, por ser éste el modo de conseguir la máxima eficiencia.
Palabras clave:
Magnetoterapia
Interacción campos magnéticos-organismos
Reparación ósea
Enfermedades degenerativas en ancianos
Campos cruzados
Abstract
As knowledge of the mechanisms of interaction between exogenous magnetic fields and the human body has grown, the therapeutic applications of these fields have increased. At the same time, these therapeutic options have become more efficient and specialised apparatus and systems have been developed for their application.
The advances achieved in traumatology and rehabilitation have resulted in the use of magnetic fields in degenerative diseases. This new indication has required considerable modifications to the design of the devices used to generate the magnetic field in which the patient is submerged in each therapeutic session.
The present study reviews knowledge of the interaction between magnetic fields and organisms and the parameters that regulate this interaction and its effects.
The two ranges of intensity of therapeutic fields are described: a) fields in the order of milliteslas (10–3 T), which have effects on certain metabolic processes and are governed by the laws of classical physics and chemistry, and b) extremely tenuous fields, of the order of picoteslas (10–12 T), which act on certain neuronal processes and which are governed by the laws of quantum physics. The former have been used in the treatment of delayed bone healing while the latter are demonstrating their effectiveness in the treatment of some degenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Given the tenuousness of the fields applied to the brain, the possibility of applying them in a crossed field modality is highly promising since this mode achieves maximum efficiency.
Key words:
Electromagnetic therapy
Interaction magnetic fields-organisms
Bone healing
Degenerative diseases in the elderly
Crossed fields
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