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Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología Ingreso hospitalario atribuible a efectos adversos medicamentosos
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Vol. 36. Issue 6.
Pages 340-344 (January 2001)
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Vol. 36. Issue 6.
Pages 340-344 (January 2001)
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Ingreso hospitalario atribuible a efectos adversos medicamentosos
Hospital admission attributed to adverse drug reactions
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3918
P. Alcalde Tirado*, M.D. Dapena Díaz, M.D. Nieto de Haro, B.J. Fontecha Gómez
Servicio de Geriatría. Hospital General de Granollers
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Objetivo

Conocer la incidencia de ingresos hospitalarios en una unidad de agudos de geriatría atribuibles a un efecto adverso medicamentoso (EAM), la sensibilidad para detectar su incidencia según la metodología empleada, y las características evolutivas de este grupo de pacientes.

Material Y Método

La población de estudio es una muestra consecutiva de pacientes ingresados en la unidad de agudos entre octubre del año 1998 hasta junio de 1999. Se dividió en dos grupos, en cada uno de los cuales se estudia la incidencia de las RAM mediante dos metodologías diferentes. El grupo de estudio (GE), en el cual se notificaba la presencia del efecto adverso en los primeros días del ingreso hospitalario; que se compara con el grupo control (GC), en el que se valoró su presencia mediante la revisión de la historia clínica tras el alta hospitalaria.

Resultados

Se incluyen un total de 610 pacientes, atribuyéndose a 44 la presencia de un EAM como motivo de ingreso (7,2%). Al GE pertenecían 228 enfermos, de los cuales en 19 (8,3%) la causa del ingreso era un EAM. Al GC correspondían 382 enfermos, considerándose que en 25 (6,5%) la causa de su ingreso era un EAM. Chi cuadrado 0,68; p= 0,4086. Los síntomas de presentación mas frecuentes fueron hemorragia digestiva en siete pacientes, insuficiencia renal en seis, y neutropenia en cinco; con una amplia variedad de síntomas en su presentación clínica. Los grupos farmacológicos más frecuentes causantes de EAM eran los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos en 10 pacientes, antiarrítmicos en nueve e inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina en cinco. En su evolución falleció un paciente, lo que supone un 2,3% de la muestra.

Conclusiones

La incidencia de EAM como causa de ingreso hospitalario es considerable y debe valorarse su presencia. Cuando se tienen en cuenta, las probabilidades de encontrarlas parecen ser mayores, aunque no encontramos diferencias significativas en el diagnóstico de EAM en función de la metodología empleada para detectarlas. Existe una amplia variedad en su presentación clínica, con una evolución favorable en la mayoría de los pacientes al retirar del medicamento responsable.

Palabras clave:
eacciones adversas a medicamentos
Anciano
Hospitalización
Fármacos
Farmacovigilancia
Objective

To establish the incidence of hospital admissions in a geriatric acute care unit that can be attributed to an adverse drug reaction (ADR); the sensitivity of the methodology used to detect its incidence and the evolution characteristics of this group of patients.

Material and Method

The study group is made up of the consecutive sample of patients admitted into the acute care unit between October 1998 and June 1999. They were divided into two groups and the incidence of the adverse drug reaction was studied in each one by two different methods. The study group (SG). in which the presence of the adverse effects was reported within the first few days of hospitalization was compared with the control group (CG), in which its presence was evaluated by means of a revision of the clinical history after hospital discharge.

Results

A total of 610 patients are included with the presence of an adverse drug reaction (ADR) as the cause of admission attributed to 44 (7.2 %). 228 patients were included in the SG, 19 (8.3 %) of whom were admitted due to an ADR. In the CG, there were 382 patients in whom the reason for admission of 25 (6.5 %) was an ADR. Chi squared 0.68; p=0.4086. The most frequent initial symptoms were digestive hemorrhages in 7 patients; kidney failure in 6; and neutropenia in 5, with a wide range of symptoms in their clinical presentation. The drug groups that caused the ADRs most frequently were; non-steroid anti-inflammatories in 10 patients; anti-arrhythmicas in 9; and angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitors in 5. During treatment, one patient died, which represented 2.27 % of the sample.

Conclusion

The incidence of the adverse drug reaction as a cause of hospital admission is considerable and its presence must be assessed. When it is taken into account, the probability of finding these effects seems to be greater, although we do not find significant differences according to the method used to detect them. A wide range of clinical symptoms exists with a favorable recovery in the majority of cases upon withdrawal of the responsible medication.

Key words:
dverse drug reactions
Elderly hospitalization drug
Drug surveillance
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Copyright © 2001. Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
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