Percepción de autoeficacia en el afrontamiento de los problemas y su contribución en la satisfacción vital de las personas muy mayores | Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología

Article information

Resumen

Introducción y objetivos

la autoeficacia hace referencia a las creencias personales sobre la capacidad de organizar y comprometerse en acciones particulares para manejar una determinada situación. Dentro de un estudio más amplio sobre calidad de vida, hemos intentado conocer cómo es la percepción de autoeficacia en el manejo de los problemas y su contribución como modulador del estrés en la vejez avanzada.

Sujetos y método

participaron 400 personas (75-104 años) no institucionalizadas de Salamanca. Medimos la percepción de autoeficacia presente y futura, además de variables sociodemográficas y de satisfacción con la vida (satisfaction with life scale; Diener et al, 1985).

Resultados

la mayoría de las personas mayores de 75 años percibe como efectivo su manejo de los problemas actuales y futuros. Aparecen diferencias de edad (los de 75-84 años consideran su capacidad de afrontamiento presente y futura más efectiva que los mayores de 85 años) y de sexo (las mujeres muy mayores se perciben menos autoeficaces que los varones muy mayores). La percepción de autoeficacia futura predice la satisfacción vital de las personas muy mayores.

Conclusiones

percibirse como autoeficaces en el manejo de los problemas futuros protege el bienestar de las personas muy mayores. Se comprueba el papel de la autoeficacia en el mantenimiento de la resistencia psicológica en la vejez avanzada.

Palabras clave:

Autoeficacia de afrontamiento

Satisfacción vital

Vejez avanzada

Abstract

Introduction

and objectives: self-efficacy refers to a personal belief in one's ability to organize and commit oneself to specific actions for dealing with a concrete situation. As part of a broader study on quality of life, we aimed to further our understanding of perception of self-efficacy in dealing with problems and its role as a stress modulator in advanced old age.

Subjects and method

the study included 400 very elderly persons aged between 75 and 104 years from the city of Salamanca (Spain) who were residing in the community. We measured present and future perception of self-efficacy, sociodemographic variables and satisfaction with life –satisfaction with life scale– (Diener et al, 1985).

Results

most of those aged over 75 years perceived their handling of current and future problems to be effective. Differences were found according to age (those aged between 75 and 84 considered their present and future ability to cope to be more effective than those aged over 85) and according to gender (very old women perceived themselves to be less self-effective than very old men). The perception of future self-efficacy predicted satisfaction with life in very old people.

Conclusions

the perception of self-efficacy in the handling of future problems protects the personal well-being of very old people. The results of the present study verify the role of self-efficacy in the maintenance of psychological resilience in advanced old age.

Key words:

Coping self-efficacy

Life satisfaction

Advanced old age

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☆

Este trabajo recibió el Premio Pañella-Casas a la mejor comunicación oral en el área de Ciencias Sociales y del Comportamiento presentada en el XLVII Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología celebrado en Málaga en el año 2005.

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