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Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología Referencia cohesiva en el lenguaje narrativo y memoria operativa en la vejez
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Vol. 37. Issue 3.
Pages 155-161 (January 2002)
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Vol. 37. Issue 3.
Pages 155-161 (January 2002)
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Referencia cohesiva en el lenguaje narrativo y memoria operativa en la vejez
Cohesive reference in narrative discourse and working memory in the aged
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6569
A.X. Pereiro Rozas*, O. Juncos Rabadán**,
Corresponding author
pejuncos@usc.es

Correspondencia: Departamento de Psicoloxía Evolutiva e da Educación. Facultade de Psicoloxía. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Campo Sur. 17706 Santiago de Compostela (La Coruña)
* Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad de Almería
** Departamento de Psicoloxía Evolutiva e da Educación. Facultade de Psicoloxía. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
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Article information
Resumen
Introducción

La referencia es un mecanismo lingüístico fundamental para la transmisión de un discurso claro y coherente. En este artículo nos proponemos examinar el funcionamiento de la referencia cohesiva en el discurso narrativo y su relación con la memoria operativa en 80 sujetos sanos con bajos niveles académicos (menos de 9 años de educación formal) y con edades que oscilan entre los 40 y los 91 años (divididos en cuatro grupos: 40-50; 51-60; 61-70; y 71-91).

Material y Métodos

El discurso narrativo fue provocado por medio de tres láminas que contenían seis viñetas conectadas espacio, temporal y causalmente, y en las que se representaban gráficamente tres historias convencionales. Se evaluó la capacidad para establecer y mantener vínculos referenciales en las historias contadas por los sujetos ante estas representaciones pictóricas y se estudió su correlación con el rendimiento cognitivo observado en dos tareas de memoria operativa.

Resultados

El análisis ANOVA (edad) y de Correlaciones Canónicas entre las variables narrativas y cognitivas indicaron, respectivamente, que los sujetos a partir de los 50 años presentan dificultades crecientes para establecer y mantener de modo claro la referencia y sugieren que podrían estar relacionadas con alteraciones en la memoria operativa.

Conclusiones

Se concluye que los ancianos parecen tener dificultades para organizar la información referencial que pueden estar relacionados con déficits en el funcionamiento de la memoria operativa.

Palabras clave:
Vejez
Lenguaje
Cognición
Memoria operativa
Narraciones
Summary
Introduction

Reference is a fundamental linguistic mechanism to transit a clear and coherent discourse. In this article, we aim to study the functioning of cohesive reference in narrative discourse and its relationship with the working memory in 80 healthy subjects with low education levels (less than 9 years of formal education) whose ages ranged from 40 to 91 years (divided into four groups: 40-50; 51-60; 61-70; and 71-91).

Material and Methods

Narrative discourse was elicited by three pictures that contained six cartoons connected in space, time and causally, in which three conventional stories were graphically represented. Ability to establish and maintain cohesive reference links in the stories told by the subjects in regards to these pictorial representations was evaluated. Their correlation with the cognitive performance observed in two working memory tasks was studied.

Results

The ANOVA analysis (age) and canonical correlations between narrative and cognitive variables indicated, respectively, that subjects older than 50 years present growing difficulties to clearly establish and maintain the reference and they suggest that these differences are related with working memory impairment.

Conclusion

It is concluded that the elderly seem to have difficulties to organize the referential information that can be related with deficits in the working memory functioning.

Key words:
Elderly
Discourse
Cognition
Working memory
Narrative
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Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
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