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Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología Utilidad de un método a la cabecera del paciente para la detección de episodio...
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Vol. 41. Issue 6.
Pages 314-320 (November 2006)
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Vol. 41. Issue 6.
Pages 314-320 (November 2006)
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Utilidad de un método a la cabecera del paciente para la detección de episodios aspirativos
Utility of a bedside method to detect aspiration episodes
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Matías Edgardo Manzotti
Corresponding author
mmanzotti@hospitalaleman.com.ar
mmanzotti@gmail.com

Correspondencia: Dr. M.E. Manzotti. Servicio de Clínica Médica. Hospital Alemán. Av. Pueyrredon, 1640. C1118AAT Buenos Aires. Argentina.
, Carlos Alfredo Engel, Hugo Norberto Catalano
Servicio de Clínica Médica. Hospital Alemán. Buenos Aires. Argentina
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Resumen
Objetivo

ante el creciente problema de los trastornos deglutorios con la edad en pacientes hospitalizados, y la necesidad de mejorar la indicación de pruebas complementarias como la videofluoroscopia o la fibrolangoscopia en su estudio, se analiza la utilidad de un método no invasivo de evaluación de la disfagia a la cabecera del paciente.

Material y métodos

se evalúan prospectivamente los coeficientes de probabilidad positivos (CPP) y negativos (CPN) de 4 signos clínicos: cambio en el tono de la voz, presencia de tos, expulsión del contenido de la boca y desaturación en la oximetría de pulso, en pacientes hospitalizados por cualquier motivo, que presentaban sospecha de episodios aspirativos. Se utilizaron como métodos de referencia la fibrolaringoscopia y la videofluoroscopia con semisólidos y líquidos. Dos observadores independientes y ciegos a los métodos de referencia realizaron la evaluación.

Resultados

se incluye a 20 pacientes, 12 mujeres y 8 varones, con sospecha de aspiración con edad media de 82,7 años. Los motivos de ingreso más frecuentes fueron sospecha de neumonía aspirativa (40%) y accidente cerebrovascular (28%). Los CPP y CPN no resultaron estadísticamente significativos (1 ≥ intervalo de confianza del 95% ≥ 1) para el método a la cabecera del paciente en comparación tanto con fibrolaringoscopia como videofluoroscopia en ninguno de los 2 observadores, para ninguno de los 4 signos clínicos. La concordancia interobservador fue pobre (kappa < 0,3).

Conclusiones

el método clínico descrito a la cabecera del paciente no parece útil ni reproducible para la detección de episodios aspirativos.

Palabras clave:
Alteraciones deglutorias
Oximetría de pulso
Fluoroscopia
Laringoscopia
Ancianos
Aspiración
Abstract
Objective

deglutition disorders are an increasing problem, especially in ageing inpatients. Diagnosis of these disorders is usually achieved by complementary tests such as deglutition videofluoroscopy and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. We aimed to identify the utility of a bedside method to detect aspiration episodes.

Material and methods

we prospectively evaluated the positive and negative likelihood ratios of the following four clinical signs: voice tone changes, the presence of cough, inability to keep food in the mouth, and a decrease in arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), measured by pulse oximetry in adult patients hospitalized for any cause with suspicion of aspiration episodes. As gold standard deglutition videofluoroscopy and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of solid and liquid swallowing were used. The evaluation was performed by two independent operators blind to the gold standard.

Results

twenty patients (12 women and 8 men) with suspicion of aspiration were included. The mean age was 82.7 years. The reason for hospitalization was suspicion of aspirative pneumonia in 40% and stroke in 28%. No significant positive or negative likelihood ratios (1 ≥ 95% confidence interval ≥ 1) were found for the bedside method in comparison with either deglutition videofluoroscopy or fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of solid and liquid swallowing for any of the four clinical signs or for either of the 2 operators. The interoperator agreement was poor (kappa < 0,3).

Conclusions

the bedside method is neither useful nor reproducible in detecting aspiration episodes.

Key words:
Deglutition disorders
Pulse oximetry
Fluoroscopy
Laryngoscopy
The elderly
Aspiration
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Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
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