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Original Article
Pre-proof, online 27 December 2024
[18F]FDG PET/CT Beyond Staging: Prognostic Significance of Sarcopenia and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Esophageal Carcinoma
[18F]FDG PET/TC más allá de la estadificación: Importancia pronóstica de la sarcopenia y el metabolismo del tejido adiposo en el carcinoma esofágico
Merve Nur Acar Tayyara,
Corresponding author
nurmacar13@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Müge Öner Tamama, Gündüzalp Buğrahan Babacana, Mehmet Can Şahina, Halim Özçevikb, Necla Gürdalc, Kadir Atakırd
a Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
b Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Başaksehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
c Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
d Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
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Abstract
Aim

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between PET and CT parameters and sarcopenia, adipose tissue, and tumor metabolism in esophageal carcinoma(EC) and its impact on survival in EC.

Method

Our study included 122 EC patients who underwent PET/CT for staging. Muscle and adipose tissue characteristics were evaluated, including lumbar(L3) and cervical(C3) muscle areas, psoas major(PM) and sternocleidomastoid muscle(SCM) parameters, and PET parameters for visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue(SAT). Sarcopenia was determined using CT images, with a threshold for muscle tissue at the L3 vertebral level, and its impact on overall survival(OS) was investigated.

Results

Sarcopenia was detected in 48 patients. SULmax in the primary tumor(PT) was significantly higher in sarcopenic patients(SP). The frequency of distant metastasis was higher in SP and OS was significantly lower. In the locally advanced stage, sarcopenia status decreased survival. L3, PM, C3, and SCM muscle areas were highly correlated. Subcutaneous adipose tissue SUVmax was significantly increased in SP and those with distant metastasis. Univariate analysis identified PT SULmax, PT SUVmean, PT TLG, lymph node and distant metastasis, SAT SUVmax, and sarcopenia as poor prognostic factors, while multivariate analysis confirmed BMI, distant metastasis, PT SUVmean, PT TLG as independent predictors of OS.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that sarcopenia, linked to reduced survival, correlates with primary tumor SULmax, distant metastasis, and subcutaneous tissue PET parameters, exerting a notable impact on survival, particularly in locally advanced stages. Attenuation-corrected CT can be used instead of diagnostic CT, and sarcopenia can be diagnosed using not only L3 but also C3 slices.

Keywords:
Esophageal carcinoma
[18F]FDG PET/CT
Sarcopenia
Adipose tissue
Survival
Resumen
Objetivo

Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la relación entre los parámetros de PET y TC y la sarcopenia, el tejido adiposo y el metabolismo tumoral en el carcinoma esofágico (CE) y su impacto en la supervivencia en el CE.

Método

Nuestro estudio incluyó 122 pacientes con CE que se sometieron a PET/TC para la estadificación. Se evaluaron las características musculares y del tejido adiposo, incluidas las áreas musculares lumbar (L3) y cervical (C3), los parámetros de los músculos psoas mayor (PM) y esternocleidomastoideo (SCM), y los parámetros de PET para el tejido adiposo visceral y subcutáneo (SAT). La sarcopenia se determinó mediante imágenes de TC, con un umbral para el tejido muscular en el nivel vertebral L3, y se investigó su impacto en la supervivencia global (SG).

Resultados

Se detectó sarcopenia en 48 pacientes. La SULmax en el tumor primario (TP) fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes sarcopénicos (SP). La frecuencia de metástasis a distancia fue mayor en SP y la SG fue significativamente menor. En el estadio localmente avanzado, el estado de sarcopenia disminuyó la supervivencia. Las áreas musculares L3, PM, C3 y SCM estaban altamente correlacionadas. El SUVmax del tejido adiposo subcutáneo aumentó significativamente en SP y en aquellos con metástasis a distancia. El análisis univariante identificó el TP SULmax, el TP SUVmean, el TP TLG, los ganglios linfáticos y la metástasis a distancia, el SAT SUVmax y la sarcopenia como factores de mal pronóstico, mientras que el análisis multivariante confirmó el IMC, la metástasis a distancia, el TP SUVmean y el TP TLG como predictores independientes de la SG.

Conclusiones

Este estudio demostró que la sarcopenia, vinculada a una menor supervivencia, se correlaciona con el SULmax del tumor primario, la metástasis a distancia y los parámetros de PET del tejido subcutáneo, ejerciendo un notable impacto en la supervivencia, particularmente en estadios localmente avanzados. La TC con atenuación corregida puede utilizarse en lugar de la TC diagnóstica, y la sarcopenia puede diagnosticarse utilizando no sólo cortes L3 sino también C3.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma esofágico
[18F]FDG PET/CT
Sarcopenia
Tejido adiposo
Supervivencia

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