array:23 [ "pii" => "S2253808919300758" "issn" => "22538089" "doi" => "10.1016/j.remnie.2019.05.008" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-11-01" "aid" => "1082" "copyrightAnyo" => "2019" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 2019;38:355-61" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S2253654X19300125" "issn" => "2253654X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.remn.2019.05.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-11-01" "aid" => "1082" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 2019;38:355-61" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 22 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 12 "PDF" => 10 ] ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>" "titulo" => "Relaciones entre el factor-1α inducido por hipoxia y los parámetros de la PET/TC con <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG en el cáncer colorrectal" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "355" "paginaFinal" => "361" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Relationships between hypoxia induced factor-1α and <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET/CT parameters in colorectal cancer" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figura 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 472 "Ancho" => 1255 "Tamanyo" => 187260 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patrón de tinción de HIF-1α en el margen de invasión (HIF-1α; ×40). Se observó una intensa tinción de HIF-1α nuclear en las células tumorales del margen de invasión, así como en los fibroblastos y las células inflamatorias del estroma adyacente al tumor.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Z. Hasbek, H. Ozer, S.A. Erturk, E. Erdiş, B. Yucel, E. Çiftçi, A. Çakmakcilar" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Z." "apellidos" => "Hasbek" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "H." "apellidos" => "Ozer" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S.A." "apellidos" => "Erturk" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Erdiş" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Yucel" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Çiftçi" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Çakmakcilar" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2253808919300758" "doi" => "10.1016/j.remnie.2019.05.008" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2253808919300758?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2253654X19300125?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/2253654X/0000003800000006/v1_201911230745/S2253654X19300125/v1_201911230745/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2253808919300461" "issn" => "22538089" "doi" => "10.1016/j.remnie.2019.04.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-11-01" "aid" => "1072" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 2019;38:362-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Segmentation of gliomas in <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-Fluorocholine PET/CT. A multiapproach study" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "362" "paginaFinal" => "369" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Segmentación de gliomas con PET/TC con <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-Fluorocolina. Estudio multiaproximación" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 755 "Ancho" => 2342 "Tamanyo" => 94972 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Scatterplot of SUVmax and %SUVmax threshold for the global sample group (A) with a coefficient of determination <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.43, higher group (B) with a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.87 and lower group (C), with a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.81.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Ana María García Vicente, Julián Pérez-Beteta, Germán Andrés Jiménez Londoño, Mariano Amo-Salas, Francisco José Pena Pardo, Maikal Villena Martín, José María Borrás Moreno, Ángel Soriano Castrejón" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana María" "apellidos" => "García Vicente" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Julián" "apellidos" => "Pérez-Beteta" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Germán Andrés" "apellidos" => "Jiménez Londoño" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Mariano" "apellidos" => "Amo-Salas" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco José" "apellidos" => "Pena Pardo" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Maikal" "apellidos" => "Villena Martín" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José María" "apellidos" => "Borrás Moreno" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ángel" "apellidos" => "Soriano Castrejón" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2253654X19300241" "doi" => "10.1016/j.remn.2019.03.005" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2253654X19300241?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2253808919300461?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/22538089/0000003800000006/v1_201911280920/S2253808919300461/v1_201911280920/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2253808919300746" "issn" => "22538089" "doi" => "10.1016/j.remnie.2019.05.007" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-11-01" "aid" => "1081" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 2019;38:348-54" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1 "PDF" => 1 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Is there any improvement in clinical staging with <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET/CT compared to surgical staging in cases of lung cancer?" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "348" "paginaFinal" => "354" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "¿Hay alguna mejora en la estadificación clínica con PET/TC con <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG en comparación con la estadificación quirúrgica en el cáncer de pulmón?" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 895 "Ancho" => 1755 "Tamanyo" => 150993 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In transaxial PET (a), CT (b), and fused (c) images of a 70 year old male patient, the primary tumor located in the left hilium (arrow, c) which then proved as adenocarcinoma, was seen. Transaxial PET (d), CT (e), and fused (f) images of same patient showed increased FDG uptake with calculated results of 7.70 and 3.88 for SUVmax and MTV respectively in right hilar lymph nodes (arrow, f). Being clinically staged as cIIIB, the final stage turned out to sIIB with inflammatory reaction in the right hilar lymph nodes which were removed by mediastinoscopy, however, metastatic involvement in the left ones in the final pathologic evaluation of the surgical specimen.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Gonca Kara Gedik, Farise Yilmaz" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Gonca Kara" "apellidos" => "Gedik" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Farise" "apellidos" => "Yilmaz" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2253654X19300113" "doi" => "10.1016/j.remn.2019.05.005" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2253654X19300113?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2253808919300746?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/22538089/0000003800000006/v1_201911280920/S2253808919300746/v1_201911280920/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:21 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Relationships between hypoxia induced factor-1α and <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET/CT parameters in colorectal cancer" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "355" "paginaFinal" => "361" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Zekiye Hasbek, Hatice Ozer, Seyit Ahmet Erturk, Eda Erdiş, Birsen Yucel, Esra Çiftçi, Ali Çakmakcilar" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Zekiye" "apellidos" => "Hasbek" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "hasbekz@yahoo.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Hatice" "apellidos" => "Ozer" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Seyit Ahmet" "apellidos" => "Erturk" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Eda" "apellidos" => "Erdiş" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Birsen" "apellidos" => "Yucel" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Esra" "apellidos" => "Çiftçi" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Ali" "apellidos" => "Çakmakcilar" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Cumhuriyet University, School of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sivas, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Cumhuriyet University, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Sivas, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Cumhuriyet University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sivas, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Sakarya University, School of Medicine, Research and Training Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Relaciones entre el factor-1α inducido por hipoxia y los parámetros de la PET/TC con <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG en el cáncer colorrectal" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 472 "Ancho" => 1255 "Tamanyo" => 187140 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Staining pattern of HIF-1α at invasion border (HIF-1α; ×40). Strong nuclear HIF-1α staining were seen in tumour cells at the border of invasion as well as tumour surrounding stroma fibroblasts and inflammatory cells.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in man and woman worldwide. 5-Year relative survival of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer changes with disease stage and it is 90.1% for patients with stage 1 disease and 11.7% for patients with stage 4 disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> So diagnosis of the disease at early stage and true staging are very important for determining accurate treatment strategy. F-18 (<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F) fluorodeoxyglucose (<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG) positron-emission tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) has an important role especially in the radiotherapy planning of rectal cancer. Minimizing the toxicity and providing accurate determination of true tumour volume can be possible using <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET/CT for planning. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) is the semiquantitative parameter most commonly used in current clinical practice to define malignancy. <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG uptake of tumour tissue is higher than normal tissue because of increased glucose metabolism although the exact mechanism is unknown. And it is a known issue that higher SUVmax values are related to decreased survival rates.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hypoxia generally is defined as a inadequate oxygen supply to the tissue and cells. It is known that the process of tumour growth and metastasis requires development of new vascular tissues. Inadequate tumour neovascularisation leads to hypoxia and hypoxia plays a key role in tumour development and determination of treatment response.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Adequately oxygenated cells are more susceptible than inadequately oxygenated cells to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. Therefore presence of hypoxic condition in tumour tissue is an important indicator of treatment response. The ability of cells to adapt to periods of hypoxia is important for their survival in both physiological and pathophysiological states. Regions of hypoxia are known to present within many tumours, and the degree of tumour hypoxia correlates with prognosis in most of tumour types.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hypoxia induced factors (HIF) regulates the oxygen sensitivity mechanism and hypoxic cell metabolism in the tissue. Hypoxia induced factor 1 (HIF-1), which has a critical role in oxygen homeostasis, is a transcriptional regulator of some metabolic processes like angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, iron and glucose metabolism. HIF-1 is a heterodimeric protein and it is composed of HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunits. HIF-1α (homologues: HIF-2α and HIF-3α) is found in the cytoplasm and has a role in oxygen regulation. HIF-1β is found in the nucleus. The levels of HIF-1α protein increase exponentially as O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> concentration declines and activated HIF-1α translocates into the nucleus and dimerized with HIF-1β subunit. The HIF-1α subunit is continuously synthesized and eliminated under normoxic conditions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> When cells are subjected to hypoxic conditions, protein expression levels of the HIF-1α subunit are rapidly increased by inhibiting degradation of HIF-1α protein. After dimerisation with HIF-1β subunit, HIF-1α binds to the targeted genes and activates transcription.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Xiang et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> stated that in their immunohistochemical study, focused on hypoxia according to analyzing of the Cancer Genome Atlas database, Glutaminase 1 mRNA expression is associated with a hypoxia signature, which is correlated with an increased risk of metastasis and mortality. Furthermore they found that reduced oxygen availability increases Glutaminase 1 mRNA and protein expression, due to transcriptional activation by hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Cancer cells have high proliferation activity and hypoxia occurs resulting in oxygen deprivation in the tumour and surrounding tissue, while the tumour volume is increasing. It is confirmed that there is overexpression of HIF-1α in some tumour types. It is stated in some studies that antagonism of the HIF pathway could provide a new approach to cancer treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> High HIF-1α concentration in tumour tissue shows that there is intratumoral hypoxia and there are some similar genetic changes resulting with increased HIF-1α expression.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is shown that HIF-1α activates expression of genes related with glucose transport and glycolytic enzymes. It is reported that glucose metabolism rate and expression of glucose transport proteins are increased in some tumours via elevation of HIF-1α levels.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study our aim is to evaluate the relationship among hypoxia in colorectal cancer and PET parameters, necrotic tissue size and pathologic prognostic factors and also to assess the effect of HIF-1α scores on the survival rates via using HIF-1α.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Patients</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the local Ethics Committee. Oral and written consent of the all patients were obtained. In our study there were 70 patients (28 female, 42 male, median age: 63 years) who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer via colonoscopic biopsy. All patients were staged with preoperative <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET/CT and were operated subsequently. All operation specimens were evaluated pathologically and diagnosis was confirmed. Stage I and II colon and rectum cancer patients underwent surgery only. Stage III rectal cancer patients underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy were applied to stage III colon cancer patients. Surgery, chemotherapy and metastasectomy was performed in patients with stage IV rectum and colon cancer.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Immunohistochemical study</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Routinely used 10% formalin-fixed, Hematoxylin–eosin stained, paraffin-embedded operation samples were evaluated pathologically. Parafin blocks with tumour cells containing necrosis areas were selected for pathological immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Selected paraffin blocks were sectioned with 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm thickness to the positively charged microscope slide and then this slides were stained with HIF-1α antibody (Mouse Monoclonal Antibody, catolog No. A1544, ABclonal, USA, 2017, with 1:100 dilution rate) in Ventana Benchmark XT model automatic IHC staining device and light microscopic evaluation was done. In the immunohistochemical evaluation scoring was done with cytoplasmic and nuclear HIF-1α expression, staining density and intensity. Since cytoplasmic staining was observed homogeneously in the tumour cells, the cases were classified according to staining intensity in weakly (score 1), moderately (score 2), and strongly (score 3) positive. Nuclear immunoreactivity was heterogeneous in the tumour, so that the score was ascertained by consideration of both staining density and intensity. The density of nuclear staining was classified as follows: 1, nuclear staining in less than 20% of cells; 2, nuclear staining in 20–40% of cells; 3, nuclear staining in more than 40% of cells. Nuclear staining intensity was estimated as 1, weak and 2, strong. The multiplication of these two values gave the final score for nuclear staining: 1–2, weak; 3–4, moderate; 5–6, strong<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">PET/CT imaging acquisitions/analysis</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Positron Emission Tomography imaging was performed with combined PET/CT scanner (Discovery600 PET/CT GE Medical Systems, USA). Each patient fasted for at least 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h before imaging. After ensuring that blood glucose was <180<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/dL, approximately 0.14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mCi/kg <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG were administered i.v. 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h before image acquisition. Attenuation correction of PET images with the CT data was performed. The CT scan was performed firstly. Right after the CT acquisition, a standard PET imaging protocol was taken from the cranium to the mid-thigh with an acquisition time of 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min/bed in 3-dimensional mode. All PET studies were acquired in 3-D mode. CT images were acquired with 70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mA, 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kV, axial slice thickness of 2.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm. CT and PET images were matched and fused into transaxial, coronal and saggital images. The data were transferred via the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) protocol to a processing Workstation (AW Volume Share5 GE Medical Systems S.C.S, France). And then visual and semi-quantitative analysis were performed. For PET images, an adaptive threshold setting of 42% of the maximum lesional metabolic actvity was used and the ROI was placed within the tumour while avoiding the peripheral area.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,12</span></a> On PET images, each volume was calculated automatically. SUVmax, SUVmean and metabolic tumour volume (MTV) were calculated via PET images (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>) and tumour volume was calculated with using volume of an elipsoid formula via CT images (4/3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>π<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>width<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>depth<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>length)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>). Percentage of tumour necrosis was calculated by difference between tumour volume and MTV. Total lesion glycolysis (TLG) was calculated by multiplying MTV by SUVmean.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Relationships between HIF-1α expression levels and PET/CT parameters, histopathological parameters (presence of vascular invasion, perineural invasion, extracapsular lymph node involvement and surgical border positivity), cigarette smoking and presence of metastasis at diagnosis time evaluated statistically.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive quantitative data are expressed as mean values and standart deviation, and qualitative data are expressed as percentages. Significance levels were presented as p values. It was assumed that the observed differences were statistically significant with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05. Statistical analysis were done with two-independent samples <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test when the variables available for parametric tests and if not the Mann–Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test was used. Relationship between tumour necrosis percentage and PET parameters was evaluated with correlation and regression analysis. Chi-square test was used for evaluating the relationship between smoking, histopathological prognostic data and HIF-1α scores. Survival outcomes were characterized using the Kaplan–Meier method, and were compared using log-rank tests.</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tumours were located rectum in 25 patients (35.7%) and colon in 45 patients (64.3%) and all of them were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. For rectum cancer patients; 4 patients (16%) had stage I, 16 patients (64%) had stage III, 5 (20%) patients had stage IV disease. In patients with colon cancer; 2 patients (5%) had stage I, 5 (11%) patients had stage II, 24 patients (53%) had stage III, and 14 patients (31%) had stage IV disease.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients and tumour charactheristics are given in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There was moderately meaningful positive correlation between tumour SUVmax and tumour volume which was calculated from CT images and percentage of tumour necrosis (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.403, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.500, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.0001, respectively). There was a low correlation between the percentage of tumour necrosis and TLG (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.240, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.045), but no correlation was found between MTV and tumour necrosis percentage which was calculated via PET images (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.188) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There was no statistically significant relationship between IHC HIF-1α score and tumour location (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05). There were no statistically significant relationship between HIF-1α expression levels and tumour SUVmax, TLG, MTV, 3D tumour volume which was calculated via CT images and tumour necrosis percentage (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although not statististically significant, moderate or strong nuclear staining were seen in 64.9% of metastatic patients and weak or no staining were seen in 35.1% of this patients. There are no statistically significant relationship between HIF-1α expression levels and presence of metastasis and cigarette smoking (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.622) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There were no statistically significant differences between HIF-1α expression levels and tumour stage, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion and extracapsular/capsular lymph node involvement (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05). Significant nuclear IHC staining was not seen in tumour cells which adjacent to the necrosis area. On the other hand strong nuclear IHC staining was seen in tumour cells which adjacent to invasive border, inflamatory cells and fibroblasts (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considering the patients’ disease stage; no significant correlation was found between HIF-1α staining scores whether in patients with early stage (Stage I and II) or advanced stage (Stage III and IV). However, it was found that HIF-1α staining score was higher in advanced stage tumours (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">5-Year overall survival rates of patients were found 70% (median survival time: 18.5 months; range: 1–73 months). The 5-year survival rate was found to be 70% in patients who had no or weak nuclear staining score and 69% in medium and strong staining patients and no statistically significant difference was found between these patient groups (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.833).</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Discussion</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET/CT has important roles in correct clinical staging and treatment response evaluation in colorectal cancer. Demonstrating the presence of hypoxia is neccesary for optimization of reoxygenation capacity during radiotherapy. Hypoxic cells are important cause of treatment failure especially after fractionated radiotherapy. Also hypoxic cells are resistant to some chemotherapy regimens.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cancer cells create their own microenvironment by affecting normal stromal cells (multipotential stromal cells/mesenchimal cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and immune cells) and by secreting extracellular matrix elements and secretion products (growth factors, cytokines, chemokines).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Hypoxia is closely associated with the formation of the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Izuishi et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> found that SUV was correlated with HIF-1α expression in their study with 37 colorectal cancer patients. In the same study they stated that mRNA expression levels of GLUT1 and hexokinase 2 were significantly higher in cancer tissues than in the surrounding normal mucosa. But they could not found any significant correlation between SUV values and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) expression which is a proliferation marker. So they reported that FDG accumulation due to induction of glucose uptake proteins might be associated with the hypoxic environment in tumours rather than the tumour growth. Mees et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> reported that chemical activation of HIF-1 can increase in vitro and in vivo <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG uptake. In our study, we could not find a statistically significant relationship between HIF-1α scores and SUVmax values. However, we found a moderate positive correlation between the tumour SUVmax and the percentage of the tumour necrosis which we thought was an indicator of hypoxia. We think that this situation is related to the fact that there are many different steps in the hypoxia pathway. In addition, a positive correlation between the tumour SUVmax and percentage of tumour necrosis indicates that there is a high rate of hypoxic cells in cancer tissue with high <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG uptake. Although there was no correlation between HIF-1α scores and SUVmax values near the border of necrosis, the IHC evaluation showed strong nuclear and cytoplasmic staining in tumour cells, inflammatory cells and fibroblasts at the area of tumour invasion. This result suggested that HIF-1α could be primarily effective in the area of invasion of the tumour microenvironment. In our study we found that there was no correlation between TLG and percentage of tumour necrosis. We think that this can be related with TLG show viable tumour tissue and is not related with hypoxia. In addition, there was a statistically significant correlation between tumour necrosis percentage and SUV values. This situation suggested that <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG afinity may be an indicator of tumour microenvironment.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although there are controversial studies on the effect of HIF-1α to prognosis in colorectal cancer patients in literature, it is usually reported that HIF-1α has prognostic significance in this patient group. In colorectal cancers with large hypoxic and necrotic areas causes resistance to chemoradiotherapy. HIF-1α overexpression reported to be associated with poor prognosis, resistance to chemotherapy and increased mortality in colorectal cancer.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18,19</span></a> Lee-Kong et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> reported that HIF-1α had negative predictive and prognostic value in their study with 85 rectal cancer patients. Data from a meta-analysis of 23 studies comprising 2984 colorectal cancer patients also revealed significant association of HIF overexpression with increased mortality risk including overall survival and disease free survival.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> In the study of Saka et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> HIF-1α was found to have no effect on survival of colorectal cancer patients. Although there was no statistically significant correlation between HIF-1α levels and prognosis in our study, we believe that this condition is related to the many different steps in the hypoxia pathway other HIF-1α and heterogenicity of our patient group.</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conclusion</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Unlike some studies in the literature, in our study, although there was no statistically significant relationship between PET parameters and HIF-1α in patients with colorectal cancer, we found no significant nuclear immunohistochemical staining adjacent to the necrosis area and strong nuclear immunohistochemical staining in tumour cells adjacent to the invasive border, inflamatory cells and fibroblasts. Furthermore, in our patient group, no statistically significant relationship was found between HIF-1α and prognosis of disease.</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1269188" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Aim" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Materials/Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1174750" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1269187" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Materiales/Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1174749" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Patients" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Immunohistochemical study" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "PET/CT imaging acquisitions/analysis" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack435566" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-01-15" "fechaAceptado" => "2019-05-02" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1174750" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α" 1 => "Colorectal cancer" 2 => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET/CT" 3 => "Hypoxia" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1174749" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Factor 1-α Inducido por Hipoxia" 1 => "Cáncer Colorrectal" 2 => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET/TC" 3 => "Hipoxia" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Aim</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) has a critical role in oxygen homeostasis and it is a transcriptional activator of angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, iron and glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolism rate is increased in some tumours via HIF-1α. Our aim is to evaluate the relationship between hypoxia in colorectal cancer, PET parameters, necrotic tissue size and pathologic prognostic factors via using HIF-1α.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Materials/Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">70 patients (28female/42male; median age: 63 years) who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer via biopsy were staged with preoperative PET/CT and operated subsequently. Immunohistochemical evaluation scoring was done according to nuclear HIF-1α expression, staining density and intensity.</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Metabolic tumour volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and tumour volume (TV) were calculated by using volume of an ellipsoid formula via CT images, and percentage of tumour necrosis (%TmNcr) that was calculated by the difference between TV and recorded MTV.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There was a moderately meaningful positive correlation between tumour SUVmax and TV and %TmNcr (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.403, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.500, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.0001, respectively). There were no statistically significant relationships between HIF-1α expression levels and tumour SUVmax, TLG, MTV, TV, %TmNcr, tumour stage, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion and extracapsular/capsular lymph node involvement. On the other hand, strong nuclear immunohistochemical staining was seen in tumour cells adjacent to invasive border, inflammatory cells. Although not statistically significant, moderate or strong nuclear staining were seen in 64.9% of metastatic patients.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Although the presence of a positive correlation between tumour SUVmax and %TmNcr shows that there are hypoxic cells in cancer tissue with high FDG uptake, the relationship between the presence of HIF-1α and enhanced glucose metabolism and pathological prognostic factors of tumour was not shown. Strong nuclear immunohistochemical staining in tumour cells adjacent to invasive border and inflammatory cells leads us to believe that HIF-1α plays a role in the invasion area of tumour microenvironment.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Aim" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Materials/Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El factor inducible para hipoxia (HIF-1) tiene un papel crítico en la homeostasis del oxígeno y es un activador transcripcional de angiogénesis, eritropoyesis, hierro y metabolismo de glucosa. La tasa de metabolismo de glucosa aumenta en algunos tumores a través de HIF-1α. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar la relación entre hipoxia en el cáncer colorrectal, los parámetros de PET, el tamaño del tejido necrótico y los factores pronósticos patológicos mediante el uso de HIF-1α.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Materiales/Métodos</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">70 pacientes (28mujeres/42hombres; promedio de edad: 63 años) diagnosticados con cáncer co-lorrectal mediante biopsia, se estadificaron con PET/TC preoperatoria y se operaron posteriormente. La puntuación de evaluación inmunohistoquímica se realizó de acuerdo con la expresión de HIF-1α nuclear, la intensidad y la densidad de tinción. El volumen metabólico tumoral (MTV), la glucólisis de lesión total (TLG) y el volumen tumoral (TV) se calculó utilizando el volumen de una fórmula elipsoide mediante las imágenes de TC y el porcentaje de necrosis tumoral (%TmNcr) se calculó por diferencia entre TV y MTV.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hubo una correlación positiva moderadamente significativa entre el SUVmax del tumor y TV y el %TmNcr (r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,403,p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,001 y r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,5, p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,0001,respectivamente). No hubo una relación estadísticamente significativa entre niveles de expresión de HIF-1α y SUVmax tumoral, TLG, MTV, TV,% Tm Ncr, estadio tumoral, invasión linfovascular, invasión perineural y afectación ganglionar extracapsular/capsular. Por otro lado, se observó una fuerte tinción inmunohistoquímica nuclear en las células tumorales adyacentes al borde invasivo, las células inflamatorias. Aunque no fue estadísticamente significativa, se observó una tinción nuclear moderada o fuerte en 64,9% de los pacientes metastásicos.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Aunque la presencia de una correlación positiva entre SUVmax tumoral y el % de TmNcr muestra que hay células hipóxicas en tejido canceroso con una alta captación de FDG, no se demostró ninguna relación entre la presencia de HIF-1α y el incremento metabólico de glucosa y los factores patológicos del tumor. La fuerte tinción inmunohistoquímica nuclear en células tumorales adyacentes a las células inflamatorias y de borde invasivas nos hace pensar que HIF-1α desempeña un papel en el área de invasión del microambiente tumoral.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Materiales/Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Hasbek Z, Ozer H, Erturk SA, Erdiş E, Yucel B, Çiftçi E, et al. Relaciones entre el factor-1 α inducido por hipoxia y los parámetros de la 18F-FDG PET/TC en el cáncer colorrectal. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 2019;38:355–361.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:8 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1129 "Ancho" => 1505 "Tamanyo" => 488907 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Cytoplasmic staining with HIF-1α. (B, C) Cytoplasmic and moderate nuclear staining with HIF-1α. (D) Cytoplasmic and strong nuclear staining with HIF-1α (HIF-1α; ×100).</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2175 "Ancho" => 2175 "Tamanyo" => 408418 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">On PET images, automatic calculation of metabolic tumour volume in primary cancer in a 70-year-old male patient.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1085 "Ancho" => 2175 "Tamanyo" => 232666 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Calculation of tumour volume according to ellipsoid volume formula via CT images in the same patient.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 472 "Ancho" => 1255 "Tamanyo" => 187140 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Staining pattern of HIF-1α at invasion border (HIF-1α; ×40). Strong nuclear HIF-1α staining were seen in tumour cells at the border of invasion as well as tumour surrounding stroma fibroblasts and inflammatory cells.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>: MTV, metabolic tumour volume; TLG, total lesion glycolysis.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Number of patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median (range) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">63 (37–88) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gender</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Localization</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rectum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Colon \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">64.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TNM stage</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>III \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Tumour <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SUVmax</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19.65 (7.5–61.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">MTV</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median (range) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.11 (2.1–134) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TLG</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median (range) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">262.42 (11.76–1608) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2170925.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients and tumour characteristics.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar1085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>: MTV, metabolic tumour volume; TLG, total lesion glycolysis.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"></th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Percentage of tumour necrosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">SUVmax \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.001 (0.403) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MTV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.188 (0.159) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">TLG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.045 (0.249) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3D tumour volume calculated with CT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.0001 (0.500) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2170924.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlations between <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET/CT parameters and percentage of tumour necrosis.</p>" ] ] 6 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PET–CT parameters \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HIF-1α expression absent or lowMedian (range) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HIF-1α expression moderate or strongMedian (range) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> Value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">SUVmax \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.1 (11.2–40.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.9 (7.5–61.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.655 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MTV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25.16 (5.18–92.47) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.33 (2.1–134) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.899 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">TLG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">253.99 (79.77–961.69) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">269.95 (11.76–1608) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.814 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Percentage of tumour necrosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45.32 (0.37–86.28) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">47.19 (2.52–82.81) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.465 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3D tumour volume calculated with CT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49.43 (9.96–371.74) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">38.56 (2.12–419.05) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.444 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2170922.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlations between <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET/CT parameters and HIF-1α expression levels.</p>" ] ] 7 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tumour stage \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HIF-1α expression absent or low, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HI-1α expression moderate or strong, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> Value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Stage I and II \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (45.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (54.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.609</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Stage III and IV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22 (37.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">37 (62.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2170923.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The relationship between tumour stage and HIF-1α score.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:22 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Colorectal cancer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "H. 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Original Article
Relationships between hypoxia induced factor-1α and 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters in colorectal cancer
Relaciones entre el factor-1α inducido por hipoxia y los parámetros de la PET/TC con 18F-FDG en el cáncer colorrectal
Zekiye Hasbeka,
, Hatice Ozerb, Seyit Ahmet Erturka, Eda Erdişc, Birsen Yucelc, Esra Çiftçid, Ali Çakmakcilara
Corresponding author
a Cumhuriyet University, School of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
b Cumhuriyet University, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Sivas, Turkey
c Cumhuriyet University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sivas, Turkey
d Sakarya University, School of Medicine, Research and Training Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey