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Synchronous triple thymoma and true thymic hyperplasia simultaneously detected by 18F FDG PET-CT
Timoma triple sincrónico e hiperplasia tímica verdadera detectada mediante PET/TAC con 18F-FDG
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(A) Vascular phase, showing good perfusion without morphological changes. (B) Elimination phase, revealing a patent urachus with a functional “urachal bladder” (red arrow), without significant activity being observed in the urinary bladder (white arrow).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "M. Sánchez Aguilar, F.J. García Gómez, J.I. Cuenca Cuenca, J.L. Tirado Hospital, F. de la Cerda Ojeda, A. Sánchez Moreno" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Sánchez Aguilar" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F.J." "apellidos" => "García Gómez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.I." "apellidos" => "Cuenca Cuenca" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.L." "apellidos" => "Tirado Hospital" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "de la Cerda Ojeda" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Sánchez Moreno" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2253808915000622?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/22538089/0000003400000004/v1_201506250030/S2253808915000622/v1_201506250030/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:17 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Interesting image</span>" "titulo" => "Synchronous triple thymoma and true thymic hyperplasia simultaneously detected by <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F FDG PET-CT" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "272" "paginaFinal" => "274" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "G. Leuzzi, M. Marino, G. Alessandrini, R. Sciuto, E. Pescarmona, F. Facciolo" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Leuzzi" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "gio.leuzzi@yahoo.it" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Marino" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Alessandrini" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Sciuto" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Pescarmona" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Facciolo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Surgical Oncology, Thoracic Surgery Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute – IFO, Rome, Italy" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Division of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute – IFO, Rome, Italy" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Division of Nuclear Medicine, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute – IFO, Rome, Italy" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Timoma triple sincrónico e hiperplasia tímica verdadera detectada mediante PET/TAC con <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1410 "Ancho" => 1113 "Tamanyo" => 191910 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan (axial slices) and whole body PET/CT performed 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after the administration of 296<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MBq of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG (coronal slices). The CT scan revealed a round shaped lesion in the upper anterior mediastinum measuring 1.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm in the major axis (A), a lower mediastinal lesion of 3.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm (C) and a round irregularly shaped nodule (1.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm) between the two ones (B). The PET-CT images characterized the upper lesion with a SUV of 4.0, the lower one of 4.8 and the medium lesion of 3.0 (D–E).</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 56-years-old Caucasian woman was admitted to our Department for evaluation of mediastinal enlargement detected during investigations for angor and long-lasting dyspnoea. A non-contrast enhanced chest CT scan evidenced multiple swellings in the anterior mediastinum making a proper radiological evaluation of the mediastinum unfeasible. Thus, a <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET-CT-scan was performed and revealed a round-shaped lesion in the upper mediastinum (1.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm, SUV 4.0, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A–D), a lower lesion (3.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm, SUV 4.8, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>C–E) and a round irregularly-shaped nodule (1.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm) between the two ones (SUV 3.0, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B–E). In addition, the thymus gland uptake was increased (SUV of 2.8, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>) while the <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG distribution was slightly decreased in the cardiac muscle (due to a Tako Tsubo syndrome subsequently confirmed by cardiac examination). Considering the different mediastinal uptakes, cytology was obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the upper lesion and was suggestive for thymoma. Thus, the patient underwent a trans-sternal radical thymectomy plus wedge resection of the left upper lobe. Final pathology characterized the three lesions as different nodules of type AB thymoma: in particular, the lower (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>A) and medium nodule (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>C) were encapsulated (Masaoka-stage I), while the upper one (Masaoka-stage III) invaded the visceral pleura (star, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>B). Moreover, the thymic parenchyma was consistent with true thymic hyperplasia (TTH, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>D). Based on the histo-pathological findings, a diagnosis of synchronous triple AB thymoma (with different Masaoka staging) associated to TTH was achieved.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Multiple thymoma has been rarely reported and its incidence in large series ranges from 0 to 3.1%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In the English literature, most cases have involved double lesions, while diagnosis of triple lesions is anecdotic.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Actually, it is controversial whether cases of multiple thymoma represent multi-centric origin or intra-thymic metastases. Some authors<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> reported histologically similar subtype of tumours and suggested that such lesions were synchronous with a multi-centric origin (due to non-invasiveness and other histological features) even if the possibility of intra-thymic metastasis could not be completely ruled out. In our case, the lesions were detached and totally (medium and lower lesion) or partially encapsulated (upper one); in addition, the TTH<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> could have set a suitable environment for the growth of cancer cells. According to these evidences, we postulated the multi-centric origin of the three lesions.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, in those cases with multiple mediastinal lesions, <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET-CT may be useful to characterize metabolically the nodules in order to plan the optimal preoperative assessments (FNAB, surgical biopsy or primary surgery). In addition, <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET-CT is effective for the preoperative diagnosis of synchronous thymic lesions and for identifying underlying thymic disease (TTH e.g.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>) as possible cause of thymoma.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack179682" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2015-01-06" "fechaAceptado" => "2015-02-03" "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1410 "Ancho" => 1113 "Tamanyo" => 191910 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan (axial slices) and whole body PET/CT performed 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after the administration of 296<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MBq of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG (coronal slices). The CT scan revealed a round shaped lesion in the upper anterior mediastinum measuring 1.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm in the major axis (A), a lower mediastinal lesion of 3.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm (C) and a round irregularly shaped nodule (1.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm) between the two ones (B). The PET-CT images characterized the upper lesion with a SUV of 4.0, the lower one of 4.8 and the medium lesion of 3.0 (D–E).</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 956 "Ancho" => 1357 "Tamanyo" => 150722 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Whole body PET/CT performed 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after the administration of 296 MBq of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG (axial, coronal and sagittal slices). In our case, the PET-CT scan had a multi-faceted role: in fact, the exam revealed an increased uptake of the thymus gland (SUV of 2.8) due to the true thymic hyperplasia. On the contrary, a slightly reduced uptake at the cardiac muscle was disclosed (due to a Tako Tsubo syndrome subsequently confirmed by cardiac examination).</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 935 "Ancho" => 1963 "Tamanyo" => 702228 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Macroscopic findings: thymus gland measuring 9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm. The larger lesions (upper and lower ones) are visible in the picture. The white arrow indicates the pulmonary resection due to lung invasion by the upper nodule. Morphological features of the triple thymoma and peri-tumoral thymus. (A–C) three distinct thymoma nodules with AB thymoma features, according to WHO classification. (A) Lower nodule (Haematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×100); (B) upper nodule (Haematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×200); (C) intermediate smaller nodule (Haematoxylin and Eosin, original magnification ×200). The star indicates the visceral pleura invasion by the upper lesion. Despite of zonal variation in lymphocytic content, the tumours showed the same histologic subtype. (D) Peri-tumoral thymus appeared well represented and hyperplastic in the adipose tissue of the remnant thymus, confirming diagnosis of true thymic hyperplasia (Haematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×100).</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Variation in 18F-FDG PET findings in a patient with synchronous multiple thymoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Yamatani" 1 => "T. Maniwa" 2 => "S. Takahashi" 3 => "M. Isaka" 4 => "Y. Ohde" 5 => "M. Endo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s11748-013-0354-x" "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg" "fecha" => "2013" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Synchronous independent bifocal orthotopic thymomas. A case report" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "Y. Nonami" 1 => "T. Moriki" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Cardiovasc Surg" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "585" "paginaFinal" => "587" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Imaging characteristics of pathologically proven thymic hyperplasia: identifying features that can differentiate true from lymphoid hyperplasia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "T. Araki" 1 => "L.M. Sholl" 2 => "V.H. Gerbaudo" 3 => "H. Hatabu" 4 => "M. Nishino" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2214/AJR.13.11210" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "AJR Am J Roentgenol" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "202" "paginaInicial" => "471" "paginaFinal" => "478" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24555583" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack179682" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" "texto" => "<p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None.</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/22538089/0000003400000004/v1_201506250030/S2253808915000646/v1_201506250030/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "7927" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Interesting images" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/22538089/0000003400000004/v1_201506250030/S2253808915000646/v1_201506250030/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2253808915000646?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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