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FDG PET/CT findings of a child with extramedullary relapsed ALL after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Hallazgos en la FDG PET/TC en un niño con recaída extramedular de LLA tras el transplante alogénico de médula ósea
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"paginaFinal" => "200" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Nilufer Yildirim, Dilek Kacar" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Nilufer" "apellidos" => "Yildirim" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "nypoyraz@yahoo.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Dilek" "apellidos" => "Kacar" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Ankara City Hospital, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Hallazgos en la FDG PET/TC en un niño con recaída extramedular de LLA tras el transplante alogénico de médula ósea" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:6 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1787 "Ancho" => 2917 "Tamanyo" => 329876 ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Extramedullary relapse (EMR) of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) is infrequent, and simultaneous EM infiltration in multiple foci is even rarer.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Low incidence and diagnostic challenges of EMR may cause misdiagnosis and delay in therapy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Whole-body FDG–PET/CT scan is a sensitive method for diagnosis or monitoring of malignancy. However, its application in cases with ALL remains limited, especially in children.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The present case suggests the utility of FDG PET/CT for detection and monitoring of therapy in children with EM relapsed ALL after ABMT (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 7 years old boy was diagnosed with ALL four years ago and treated with standard chemotherapy protocol. However, he had a bone marrow relapse after a remission period and then received a bone marrow transplant from his brother. Nine-month after the transplant, he had been suffered from abdominal distention, pain, and fever. Abdominal examination revealed bilaterally palpable and ballotable kidneys while urine analysis had standard findings. Ultrasonography of the abdomen revealed bilateral renal enlargement, with the right and left kidney measuring 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm and 162<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen also showed bilateral diffuse renal enlargement with multiple hypodense lesions as well as splenomegaly and lymphadenopathies (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">He underwent FDG PET/CT to evaluate extramedullary organ infiltration. The maximum intensity projection image (MIP, A) demonstrated multiple foci of abnormal FDG in the thoracal, abdominal, and pelvic regions. The axial images confirmed hypermetabolic mediastinal lymph nodes and a right pulmonary lesion (B), nonhomogenous metabolic activity in the spleen, excessive hyperplasia in bilateral kidney and paraaortic, aortocaval lymphadenopathy (C, D) and an abnormal activity in the right ischium (E). These findings suggested multiple extramedullary infiltrations of leukemia. Histopathological examination after percutaneous kidney biopsies revealed diffuse interstitial high-grade hematolymphoid malignant infiltration. Simultaneously bone marrow aspiration was also done, and it was negative (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After four cycles of chemotherapy, the patient's symptoms were relieved, and follow-up CT showed that the dimensions of both kidneys and spleen had returned to normal range. Most of the previously visualized abnormal activity disappeared on the follow-up FDG PET/CT, except for hypermetabolism in a small lesion in the left kidney (B). Before (A) and after (B), MIP/axial images show the essential role of FDG PET/CT in the monitoring of therapy response in the current patient with extramedullary relapsed ALL.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are no potential conflicts of interest to disclosure.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "⋆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Yildirim N, Kacar D. Hallazgos en la FDG PET/TC en un niño con recaída extramedular de LLA tras el transplante alogénico de médula ósea. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 2022;41:199–200.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:6 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 818 "Ancho" => 3317 "Tamanyo" => 289618 ] ] ] 1 => array:6 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1787 "Ancho" => 2917 "Tamanyo" => 329876 ] ] ] 2 => array:6 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2340 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 256799 ] ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "[1]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a comprehensive review and 2017 update" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "T. 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Zhao" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.08.023" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biol Blood Marrow Transplant" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "2023" "paginaFinal" => "2028" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25196855" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "[3]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Utility of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in children with relapsed/refractory leukemia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Z. Kaya" 1 => "O.U. Akdemir" 2 => "O.L. Atay" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/08880018.2018.1557306" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Hematol Oncol" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "35" "paginaInicial" => "393" "paginaFinal" => "406" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30657003" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/22538089/0000004100000003/v1_202205140730/S225380892030118X/v1_202205140730/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "7927" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Interesting images" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/22538089/0000004100000003/v1_202205140730/S225380892030118X/v1_202205140730/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S225380892030118X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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