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Vol. 57. Issue 1.
Pages 15-26 (January - March 2024)
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Vol. 57. Issue 1.
Pages 15-26 (January - March 2024)
Original
Linking inflammation and angiogenesis with fibrogenesis: Expression of FXIIIA, MMP-9, and VEGF in oral submucous fibrosis
Vinculación de la inflamación y la angiogénesis con la fibrogénesis: expresión de FXIIIA, MMP-9 y VEGF en la fibrosis submucosa oral
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Sheetal Choudharia,
Corresponding author
kordesheetal@yahoo.co.in

Corresponding author.
, Deepak Kulkarnib, Sangeeta Patankara, Supriya Kheurc, Sachin Sarodec
a Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Yerala Dental College and Hospital, Kharghar 410210, Mumbai, India
b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Pimpri 411018, Pune, India
c Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
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Tables (8)
Table 1. Demographic details.
Table 2. Difference in expression of FXIIIa, VEGF, and MMP-9 between normal oral mucosa and OSMF.
Table 3. Difference of FXIIIa, MMP-9, VEGF expression among grades of OSMF.
Table 4a. Correlation of markers in the early grade of OSMF.
Table 4b. Correlation of markers in the moderately advanced grade of OSM.
Table 4c. Correlation of markers in the advanced grade of OSMF.
Table 5a. Regression analysis of markers between normal and OSMF.
Table 5b. Regression analysis of markers with increasing grades of fibrosis in OSMF.
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Abstract
Objectives

Interplay of Factor XIIIa (FXIIIa), a transglutaminase, responsible for cross-linking of matrix proteins, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a gelatinase, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), an angiogenic inducer, were studied in relation to fibrogenesis and disease progression in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF).

Material and methods

Immunohistochemical expression of markers was studied in 60 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of OSMF and 20 normal oral mucosal tissues. FXIIIa was studied quantitatively while MMP-9 and VEGF were assessed semi-quantitatively. Expression was compared with histopathological grades of OSMF.

Results

FXIIIa expression significantly increased in OSMF (p-value 0.000). However, expression decreased and cells became quiescent with increasing grades (p-value 0.000). MMP-9 (p-value epithelium 0.011, p-value connective tissue 0.000) and VEGF expression (p-value epithelium 0.000, connective tissue 0.000) increased in OSMF. A negative correlation between FXIIIa and MMP-9 (−0.653) in early grade (p-value of 0.021) and a positive correlation between FXIIIa and VEGF (0.595) (p-value of 0.032) was found in the moderate grade OSMF. Regression analysis showed a significant association (p<0.01) of FXIIIa in OSMF and with increasing grades of OSMF.

Conclusion

FXIIIa may play a crucial role in initiation of fibrosis in OSMF. MMP-9 may have a diverse role to play in OSMF as a regulator of fibrosis. VEGF may show an angio-fibrotic switch and contribute to fibrosis in OSMF. These cytokines may show altered function and can contribute to fibrosis and chronicity of disease due to changes in the microenvironment. Tissue stiffness in OSMF itself creates an environment that enhances the chronicity of the disease.

Keywords:
Oral submucous fibrosis
Fibrosis
FXIIIa
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
Angiogenesis
Resumen
Objetivos

Se estudió la interacción del factor XIIIa (FXIIIa), una transglutaminasa responsable de los entrecruzamientos de las proteínas de la matriz, la metaloproteinasa de matriz-9 (MMP-9), una gelatinasa y el factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular (VEGF), un inductor angiogénico, en relación con la fibrogénesis y la progresión de la enfermedad en la fibrosis submucosa oral (OSMF).

Material y métodos

Se estudió la expresión inmunohistoquímica de marcadores en 60 bloques de tejido de OSMF fijados con formalina e incluidos en parafina y 20 tejidos de mucosa oral normales. FXIIIa se estudió cuantitativamente mientras que MMP-9 y VEGF se evaluaron semicuantitativamente. La expresión se comparó con los grados histopatológicos de OSMF.

Resultados

La expresión de FXIIIa aumentó significativamente en OSMF (valor de p 0,000). Sin embargo, la expresión disminuyó y las células se volvieron inactivas a medida que aumentaban los grados (valor de p 0,000). MMP-9 (valor de p epitelio 0,011, tejido conectivo valor de p 0,000) y expresión de VEGF (valor de p epitelio 0,000, tejido conectivo 0,000) aumentaron en OSMF. Se encontró una correlación negativa entre FXIIIa y MMP-9 (-0,653) en grado temprano (valor de p de 0,021) y una correlación positiva entre FXIIIa y VEGF (0,595) (valor de p de 0,032) en OSMF de grado moderado. El análisis de regresión mostró una asociación significativa (p<0,01) de FXIIIa en OSMF y con grados crecientes de OSMF.

Conclusión

FXIIIa puede desempeñar un papel crucial en el inicio de la fibrosis en OSMF. MMP-9 puede desempeñar un papel diverso en OSMF como regulador de la fibrosis. VEGF puede mostrar un interruptor angiofibrótico y contribuir a la fibrosis en OSMF. Estas citocinas pueden mostrar una función alterada y pueden contribuir a la fibrosis y la cronicidad de la enfermedad debido a cambios en el microambiente. La rigidez del tejido en el propio OSMF crea un entorno que mejora la cronicidad de la enfermedad.

Palabras clave:
Fibrosis submucosa oral
Fibrosis
FXIIIa
Metaloproteinasa-9 de matriz (MMP-9)
Factor de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular (VEGF)
Angiogénesis

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