Brief report
Intestinal-type mucinous adenocarcinoma of the Bartholin gland in a perimenopausal woman. A case report and review of the literature
Adenocarcinoma mucinoso tipo intestinal de glándula de Bartolino en una paciente de edad mediana: descripción de un caso y revisión de la literatura
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Macroscopic and microscopic findings. (A) Gross cut-section of the resected abdominal mass showing its solid and cystic nature with yellowish gelatinous material in the cystic component. (B) The tumoral mass showed cystic (×5) and (C) predominantly hypocelullar areas mixed with scattered hypercellular regions (×10) that (D) presented a focal fascicular pattern (×20). (E) The tumor showed more proliferative areas where the mitotic count rose up to 8 mitotic figures per 10 high power fields (×70). (F) Tumor cells staining positive for CD10 (×40). 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A case report" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figura 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1130 "Ancho" => 1505 "Tamanyo" => 513392 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio inmunohistoquímico: A) Positividad para CA IX (H&E ×400). B) Positividad para racemasa (H&E ×200). C) Negatividad para CK7 (H&E ×200). 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A case report and review of the literature" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "197" "paginaFinal" => "200" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Juan B. Laforga, Javier Martin" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Juan B." "apellidos" => "Laforga" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jblaforga@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Javier" "apellidos" => "Martin" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Patólogo, Servicio de Patología, Hospital de Denia, Alicante, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Ginecólogo, Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital de Denia, Alicante, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Adenocarcinoma mucinoso tipo intestinal de glándula de Bartolino en una paciente de edad mediana: descripción de un caso y revisión de la literatura" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1825 "Ancho" => 2508 "Tamanyo" => 1016733 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Bartholin gland with a transition to mucinous adenocarcinoma (upper portion) (H&E ×100). (B) Group of atypical epithelial cells floating in large mucin lakes (H&E ×200). (C) Tumor cells showing strong, diffuse staining for CK20. (CK stain ×200). (D) Tumor cells showing strong, diffuse staining for CDX-2 (CDX-2 stain ×200).</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Malignant tumors arising in the Bartholin gland region are rare and occur in older women, often clinically mimicking a Bartholin duct cyst. The most common histological types occurring in this region are adenocarcinoma (mucinous, papillary, or mucoepidermoid) and squamous cell carcinoma. Less common types are cystic adenoid carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, transitional carcinoma, and neuroendocrine carcinoma. Intestinal-type mucinous adenocarcinoma is extremely rare and only isolated cases have been reported (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–11</span></a> We discuss its differential diagnosis and emphasize the importance of being familiar with this unusual variant of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the Bartholin gland.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Clinical case</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 46-year-old woman presented with a mass on the left labium majus that had been increasing in size for the past year. No other lesions were detected by colonoscopy or computed tomography of the chest and abdomen.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical suspicion was that of a tumor involving the Bartholin gland. The patient underwent surgical excision (with clear margins) followed by bilateral lymph node dissection.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Pathological findings</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The excised lesion measured 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm, was grayish in color and contained gelatinous areas. Microscopic examination showed a malignant tumor in the immediate proximity of the Bartholin gland with a glandular, mucinous pattern (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A) and epithelial cells floating in large mucin lakes (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B). The cells had central, vesicular nuclei with coarse chromatin and macronucleoli.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The margins were clear with a separation of at least 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm from the tumor.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Examination of 16 lymph nodes following bilateral femoral lymph node dissection showed absence of disease. The immunohistochemical study showed the tumor cells to be positive for cytokeratin 20 and CDX-2 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B, C) and negative for cytokeratin 7, GATA-3, GCDFP-15 and p16. It also showed conserved DNA mismatch repair proteins. Molecular analysis (AMGEN) showed a mutation in exon 2 of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">KRAS</span> gene (p.G12D).</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The origin of this tumor is controversial, but the most widely accepted theory is that it is linked to cloacogenic remnants that undergo malignant transformation to an adenocarcinoma with the same characteristics as colonic adenocarcinoma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> As occurs with all malignant tumors of the Bartholin gland, there may be areas of transition between the remnants of the gland and the tumor. However, they will not be visible when the tumor has effaced the normal architecture of the gland. The main entity that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intestinal-type mucinous adenocarcinoma of the Bartholin gland is metastasis from colorectal mucinous carcinoma that has identical histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular characteristics. However, a colorectal tumor will be seen on colonoscopy and MRI. As the immunohistochemical study will show a colorectal immunophenotype (CK7<span class="elsevierStyleSup">−</span>/CK20<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>/CDX-2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>), which leads to confusion with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma in the Bartholin gland or vulva, it is essential to rule out a primary colorectal tumor by endoscopy and imaging studies. Our patient had a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">KRAS</span> exon 2 mutation; these mutations are observed in approximately 40% of colorectal cancers and are associated with resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy. The prognostic significance of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">KRAS</span> mutations in mucinous adenocarcinoma of the Bartholin gland is as yet unknown, due to the small number of reported cases.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in ectopic breast tissue will have similar histological images but the tumor cells will express GATA-3, mammaglobin, and GCDFP-15. Microscopically, there may also be signs of transition to ectopic breast tissue.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gastric type mucinous endocervical adenocarcinoma is not associated with high-risk human papillomavirus infection and generally does not express p16, PR or ER. Staining with p53 and MUC6 will be diffusely positive.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13,14</span></a> In addition, a primary cervical tumor with lymph node spread and an aggressive clinical course would be observed. Deep aggressive angiomyxoma is a locally invasive tumor that arises in the pelvis and perineal region. It is formed by fibroblasts and myofibroblasts arranged in a myxoid matrix. Characteristic findings include islands of epithelioid and spindle cells (desmin<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>, ER+, PR+) around nerves and large vessels with hyalinized walls. Spindle cells may be positive for CD34, HMGA2 and CDK4; these last 2 markers are linked to the most common chromosomal abnormality (involving the 12q15 region) associated with aggressive angiomyxoma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment of intestinal-type mucinous adenocarcinoma of the Bartholin gland is surgical. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not very effective.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pathologists should be aware of this rare variant of adenocarcinoma of the Bartholin gland to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Funding</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no grants or funding to disclosure.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1531510" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1388510" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1531509" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1388509" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Clinical case" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Pathological findings" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2020-10-28" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-12-17" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1388510" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Bartholin gland" 1 => "Mucinous adenocarcinoma" 2 => "Intestinal phenotype" 3 => "KRAS mutation" 4 => "Immunohistochemistry" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1388509" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Glándula de Bartolino" 1 => "Adenocarcinoma mucinoso" 2 => "Fenotipo intestinal" 3 => "KRAS mutación" 4 => "Inmunohistoquímica" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of a 46-year-old woman who presented with a tumor on the left labium majus in the region of the Bartholin gland. Surgical excision revealed a mucinous adenocarcinoma of intestinal-type (CK20<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>, CDX-2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>). Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography of the chest and abdomen and colonoscopy ruled out the presence of other tumors. A second immunohistochemical study showed negative results for GATA-3, mammaglobin and GCDFP-15. Molecular analysis revealed a mutation in exon 2 of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">KRAS</span> gene. We discuss its differential diagnosis and the importance of being aware of this unusual variant of a mucinous adenocarcinoma the Bartholin gland.</p></span>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Describimos el caso de una mujer de 46 años que presenta una tumoración en labio mayor izquierdo de vulva en la región de glándula de Bartolino. La exéresis quirúrgica demostró un adenocarcinoma mucosecretor de inmunofenotipo intestinal (CK20<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>, CDX-2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">+</span>). El estudio de RMN y TAC toraco-abdominal, así como el estudio colonoscópico descartaron otras lesiones tumorales. El estudio inmunohistoquímico adicional demostró negatividad para GATA-3, mamaglobina y GCDFP-15. El estudio molecular demostró una mutación en el exón 2 de KRAS. Discutimos el diagnóstico diferencial con otros tumores malignos mucinosos y hacemos hincapié en el reconocimiento de esta inusual variante de adenocarcinoma de glándula de Bartolino.</p></span>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1825 "Ancho" => 2508 "Tamanyo" => 1016733 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Bartholin gland with a transition to mucinous adenocarcinoma (upper portion) (H&E ×100). (B) Group of atypical epithelial cells floating in large mucin lakes (H&E ×200). (C) Tumor cells showing strong, diffuse staining for CK20. (CK stain ×200). (D) Tumor cells showing strong, diffuse staining for CDX-2 (CDX-2 stain ×200).</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">MRV, modified radical vulvectomy; LND, lymph node dissection; NED, no evidence of disease; RV, radical vulvectomy; WLE, wide local excision; SLN, sentinel lymph node; DOD, died of disease.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author (year) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age (yr) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Operation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Adjunvant therapy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Follow-up (mo) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Outcome \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Tiltman et al. (1978)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MRV & LND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NED \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Kennedy et al. (1993)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">RV & LND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">120 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NED \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">WLE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NED \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ghamande et al. (1995)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">RV & LND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NED \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Willen et al. (1999)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">WLE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NED \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Zaidi et al. (2001)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MRV & LND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NED \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rodriguez et al. (2001)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">WLE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NED \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Dube et al. (2004)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">WLE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NED \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cormio et al. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 July | 1 | 2 | 3 |
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