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Available online 12 December 2024
Aspergillus hiratsukae as a causative agent of endophthalmitis: A case report
Reporte de un caso: Aspergillus hiratsukae como agente causal de endoftalmitis
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Cristian Mateo Leóna,
Corresponding author
cristianmateoleon@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Ángeles Sampere Martíneza, Isabel Fabelo Hidalgob, Diego García Martínez de Artolaa
a Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
b Department of Ophtalmology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Abstract
Background

Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus are commonly involved in fungal endophthalmitis. However, other less pathogenic species of the genus are also causal agents of opportunistic infections. Aspergillus hiratsukae, a species within Aspergillus section Fumigati, is an uncommon fungus responsible for a few infectious cases worldwide.

Case report

We present a case of post-surgical endophthalmitis in a man caused by A. hiratsukae after phacoemulsification surgery and intraocular lens implantation. The patient underwent an urgent vitrectomy in which infectious foci were observed. Due to adverse clinical evolution, evisceration was performed five days after admission. In the study of the intraoperative samples fungal growth was observed. Microscopic analysis showed conidial heads resembling Aspergillus species. The final identification of A. hiratsukae was achieved by amplifying and sequencing the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 spacer region. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the method described by EUCAST. The isolate exhibited sensitivity to azoles and polyenes.

Conclusions

Due to the morphological similarity of the Aspergillus species, molecular techniques are essential for discriminating among them, as there are different antifungal susceptibility profiles within the same complex. Further studies to improve clinical surveillance, make an early diagnosis and start a targeted therapy are necessary.

Keywords:
Aspergillus hiratsukae
Fungal endophthalmitis
Molecular techniques
ITS spacer region
Resumen
Antecedentes

Aspergillus flavus y Aspergillus fumigatus son patógenos habitualmente implicados en la endoftalmitis fúngica. Sin embargo, otras especies menos patógenas del género también son capaces de producir infecciones oportunistas. Aspergillus hiratsukae, especie perteneciente a la sección Fumigati de Aspergillus, es un hongo infrecuente del cual se han informado unos pocos casos de infección en todo el mundo.

Caso clínico

Presentamos un caso de endoftalmitis postquirúrgica causada por A. hiratsukae en un hombre tras cirugía de facoemulsificación e implante de lente intraocular. Al paciente se le realizó una vitrectomía urgente, pero la mala evolución derivó en la evisceración a los cinco días del ingreso. En las muestras intraoperatorias se observaron cabezas conidiales compatibles con Aspergillus. La identificación final de la especie A. hiratsukae se realizó mediante amplificación y secuenciación de la región espaciadora ITS1-5.8S-ITS2. La sensibilidad del aislamiento a los antifúngicos se valoró mediante el método descrito por EUCAST. La cepa mostró sensibilidad a los azoles y a los polienos.

Conclusiones

Debido a la similitud morfológica de las diferentes especies del género Aspergillus la discriminación molecular es fundamental, ya que la sensibilidad a los diferentes antifúngicos puede variar entre especies. Avanzar en el estudio de estos patógenos es necesario para mejorar la vigilancia clínica, el diagnóstico temprano y la instauración de una terapia dirigida.

Palabras clave:
Aspergillus hiratsukae
Endoftalmitis fúngica
Técnicas de biología molecular
Región espaciadora ITS

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