Mycologic Forum
Chytridiomycosis in amphibians
Quitridiomicosis en anfibios
F. Javier Cabañes
Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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array:21 [ "pii" => "S1130140619300579" "issn" => "11301406" "doi" => "10.1016/j.riam.2019.07.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-10-01" "aid" => "538" "copyrightAnyo" => "2019" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "ssu" "cita" => "Rev Iberoam Micol. 2019;36:171-2" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 137 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 4 "HTML" => 92 "PDF" => 41 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:17 [ "pii" => "S1130140619300580" "issn" => "11301406" "doi" => "10.1016/j.riam.2019.07.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-10-01" "aid" => "539" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "ssu" "cita" => "Rev Iberoam Micol. 2019;36:173-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 159 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 4 "HTML" => 110 "PDF" => 45 ] ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Mycologic Forum</span>" "titulo" => "Mycoses are emerging in reptiles" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "173" "paginaFinal" => "174" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Emergen las micosis en reptiles" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 563 "Ancho" => 750 "Tamanyo" => 77019 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis in a pet green iguana caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nannizziopsis guarroi</span>.</p> <p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Photo courtesy of Jaume Martorell.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "F. Javier Cabañes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F. Javier" "apellidos" => "Cabañes" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130140619300580?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/11301406/0000003600000004/v1_201911300711/S1130140619300580/v1_201911300711/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:17 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Mycologic Forum</span>" "titulo" => "Chytridiomycosis in amphibians" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "171" "paginaFinal" => "172" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "F. Javier Cabañes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F. Javier" "apellidos" => "Cabañes" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "javier.cabanes@uab.es" ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Quitridiomicosis en anfibios" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 557 "Ancho" => 750 "Tamanyo" => 94687 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Epidermis of a toad killed by chytridiomycosis in which the discharge tubes of the sporangia of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. dendrobatidis</span> are observed. Scanning electron microscope.</p> <p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Photo courtesy of Jaime Bosch.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is a new section of the Mycology Forum of our journal for all those interested in Mycology and animals. In this space we will be informing about aspects that I believe are relevant on this topic. These articles can be consulted in Spanish on the Animal Mycology section on the website of the Spanish Mycology Association (<a href="https://aemicol.com/micologia-animal/">https://aemicol.com/micologia-animal/</a>).</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To begin with, it is a pleasure to make a small review of the round table of Veterinary Mycology included in the XIV National Congress of Mycology held in Tarragona. We had the opportunity to enjoy presentations by Jaime Bosch (“Recent advances in the knowledge and mitigation of chytridiomycosis of amphibians”), Gemma Castellá (“Otitis and dermatitis in dogs and cats”) and José Luis Blanco (“Aspergillosis in birds: a recurrent problem”) that dealt with fungi as different as chytridiomycetes (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Batrachochytrium</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">dendrobatidis</span>), ascomycetes (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus fumigatus</span>) or basidiomycetes (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Malassezia pachydermatis</span>), in a varied group of animal species.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent years, one of the mycosis that has attracted the most attention, both scientifically and in the media, affects wildlife and threatens the extinction of certain animal species. Chytridiomycosis, caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Batrachochytrium</span> spp., is devastating the population of certain amphibians living in different parts of the world (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). One of the main current concerns in the control of the disease is related to the trade and import of animals, mainly frogs and salamanders from affected areas, that are going to be used as exotic pets, for experimentation, or as food; these situations may spread this threatening epidemic to new habitats.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In relation to the presentation on <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. dendrobatidis</span> given by Jaime Bosch in the XIV National Congress of Mycology, I recommend reading two articles in which this author participates. The first is a genomic study that uses more than 200 strains of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. dendrobatidis</span>, in which the Asian origin of the strains that are causing the decline of these animals is stated.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> This species produces severe alterations in the ionic balance of amphibians that lead to heart failure. Besides, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. dendrobatidis</span> produces many other disorders in these animals such as skin thickening, generalized failures in homeostatic balance and cellular metabolism, as well as depression of the immune system (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). The second paper evaluates the possible efficacy of itraconazole, an antifungal commonly used in the treatment of various fungal infections in animals and humans, to combat this devastating amphibian disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Author has no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack436001" "titulo" => "Acknowledgement" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-06-25" "fechaAceptado" => "2019-07-09" "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 499 "Ancho" => 750 "Tamanyo" => 124078 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Specimen of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Alytes obstetricans</span> killed by chytridiomycosis.</p> <p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Photo courtesy of Jaime Bosch.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 557 "Ancho" => 750 "Tamanyo" => 94687 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Epidermis of a toad killed by chytridiomycosis in which the discharge tubes of the sporangia of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. dendrobatidis</span> are observed. Scanning electron microscope.</p> <p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Photo courtesy of Jaime Bosch.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Itraconazole and thiophanate-methyl fail to clear tadpoles naturally infected with the hypervirulent lineage of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</span>" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Fernández-Loras" 1 => "B. Martín-Beyer" 2 => "T.W.J. Garner" 3 => "J. Bosch" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3354/dao03282" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Dis Aquat Org" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "131" "paginaInicial" => "73" "paginaFinal" => "78" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30324916" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S.J. O’Hanlon" 1 => "A. Rieux" 2 => "R.A. Farrer" 3 => "G.M. Rosa" 4 => "B. Waldman" 5 => "A. Bataille" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Science" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "360" "paginaInicial" => "621" "paginaFinal" => "627" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack436001" "titulo" => "Acknowledgement" "texto" => "<p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Financial support came from Servei Veterinari de Bacteriologia i Micologia of the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona</span>.</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/11301406/0000003600000004/v1_201911300711/S1130140619300579/v1_201911300711/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "39481" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Forum Micológico" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/11301406/0000003600000004/v1_201911300711/S1130140619300579/v1_201911300711/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130140619300579?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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