Mycologic Forum
Aspergillosis in cats and dogs: Not everything green is Aspergillus fumigatus
Aspergilosis en perros y gatos: no todo lo verde es Aspergillus fumigatus
F. Javier Cabañes
Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Veterinary School. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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(a) Stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue and (b) WB obtained with the sera of immunocompromised infected mice.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Maialen Areitio, Adela Martin-Vicente, Aitana Arbizu, Aitziber Antoran, Leire Aparicio-Fernandez, Idoia Buldain, Leire Martin-Souto, Aitor Rementeria, Javier Capilla, Fernando L. 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"apellidos" => "Hernando" ] 10 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Andoni" "apellidos" => "Ramirez-Garcia" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130140620300322?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/11301406/0000003700000034/v2_202012290734/S1130140620300322/v2_202012290734/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:17 [ "pii" => "S1130140620300176" "issn" => "11301406" "doi" => "10.1016/j.riam.2020.01.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-07-01" "aid" => "553" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "ssu" "cita" => "Rev Iberoam Micol. 2020;37:77-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Mycologic Forum</span>" "titulo" => "Bat white-nose syndrome: A devastating epizootic in North America" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "77" "paginaFinal" => "78" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "El síndrome de la nariz blanca en murciélagos: una devastadora epizootia en Norteamérica" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1150 "Ancho" => 855 "Tamanyo" => 141869 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The name of this disease, white nose syndrome, refers to the whitish fungal growth that bats, which are infected by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudogymnoascus destructans</span>, frequently present in the muzzle when hibernating. Photo courtesy of Peter Pattavina, USFWS.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "F. Javier Cabañes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F. Javier" "apellidos" => "Cabañes" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130140620300176?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/11301406/0000003700000034/v2_202012290734/S1130140620300176/v2_202012290734/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:18 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Mycologic Forum</span>" "titulo" => "Aspergillosis in cats and dogs: Not everything green is <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus fumigatus</span>" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "79" "paginaFinal" => "80" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "F. Javier Cabañes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F. Javier" "apellidos" => "Cabañes" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "javier.cabanes@uab.es" ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Veterinary School. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Aspergilosis en perros y gatos: no todo lo verde es <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus fumigatus</span>" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 744 "Ancho" => 975 "Tamanyo" => 110157 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Blue-green colonies of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus fumigatus</span> on Sabouraud glucose agar.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus fumigatus</span> is the most common cause of aspergillosis in domestic animals. However, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus flavus</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus niger</span> or <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus terreus</span>, among other species, can be isolated less frequently from a variety of clinical forms. In dogs and cats this mycosis is rare. As opportunistic pathogens, the immune status of these animals determines the evolution of these infections. The most common clinical forms are sinonasal infections. Unlike in humans, bronchopulmonary and disseminated forms are uncommon.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The immunosuppression caused by some diseases, viral infections or cytotoxic and glucocorticoid therapy facilitates the dissemination of this infection. In dogs, disseminated aspergillosis shows some breed predisposition, since most cases have been reported in German shepherds. However, the few cases of this clinical form described are usually caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A. terreus</span>. Disseminated aspergillosis has a very poor prognosis and is rarely treated with antifungal agents.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Isolated lesions often occur in the nasal cavity, causing the so-called sinonasal aspergillosis. In dogs, nasal turbinates may be affected, causing osteolysis, and the infection can progress to the adjacent bones (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). Treatment is complicated and may include the administration of topical antifungal agents (e.g. clotrimazole) by intranasal infusion using various procedures (e.g. nasal tubes, surgically implanted sinus tubes) and sometimes accompanied by systemic therapy.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In cats the infection may progress to the orbit, causing the sino-orbital form of this disease which has a bad prognosis, and is often fatal. This clinical form is rarely diagnosed in our latitudes. However, in Australia, some cases have been described, mainly produced by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus felis</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> and other species of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus virinidutans</span> complex, such as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus udagawae</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus wyomingensis</span>, which are similar to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A. fumigatus</span>.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> All of them are included in the section Fumigati, which includes more than 60 species. Many of these are called cryptic species because they are not distinguishable morphologically and are revealed by molecular phylogenetic analysis. Unlike <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A. fumigatus</span>, species of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A. virinidutans</span> complex usually have poor sporulation and do not grow at 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C. In addition, they show high minimum inhibitory concentrations to antifungals and the infections they cause are chronic and refractory to triazole therapy. Blue-green colonies (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>), columnar conidial heads, not everything green is <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A. fumigatus</span>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Author has no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack503364" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2020-01-27" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-02-07" "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">These Mycology Forum articles can be consulted in Spanish on the Animal Mycology section on the website of the Spanish Mycology Association (<span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0005" href="https://aemicol.com/micologia-animal/">https://aemicol.com/micologia-animal/</span>).</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 732 "Ancho" => 975 "Tamanyo" => 109176 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus fumigatus</span> plaque on the nasal mucosa of a dog causing severe turbinate destruction. Photo courtesy of Laura Fresno (Endolap Veterinaria).</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 744 "Ancho" => 975 "Tamanyo" => 110157 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Blue-green colonies of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus fumigatus</span> on Sabouraud glucose agar.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus felis</span> sp. nov., an emerging agent of invasive aspergillosis in humans, cats, and dogs" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V.R. Barrs" 1 => "T.M. van Doorn" 2 => "J. Houbraken" 3 => "S.E. Kidd" 4 => "P. Martin" 5 => "M.D. Pinheiro" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0064871" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "PLoS One" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "e64871" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23798996" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "One-health pathogens in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus viridinutans</span> complex" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.J. Talbot" 1 => "V.R. Barrs" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/mmy/myy018" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Mycol" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "56" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "12" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29538742" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack503364" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" "texto" => "<p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Financial support came from <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">Servei Veterinari de Bacteriologia i Micologia of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona</span>.</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/11301406/0000003700000034/v2_202012290734/S1130140620300188/v2_202012290734/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "39481" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Forum Micológico" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/11301406/0000003700000034/v2_202012290734/S1130140620300188/v2_202012290734/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130140620300188?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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