First report of helminth parasitizing Trachycephalus typhonius (Anura: Hylidae) from northeastern Argentina
Primer reporte de helmintos parasitando a Trachycephalus typhonius (Anura: Hylidae) del noreste de Argentina
Regina Draghi
, Lía I. Lunaschi, Fabiana B. Drago
Corresponding author
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, División Zoología Invertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque S/N°, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Drago" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Regina" "apellidos" => "Draghi" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "rdraghi@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Lía I." "apellidos" => "Lunaschi" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fabiana B." "apellidos" => "Drago" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, División Zoología Invertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque S/N°, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Primer reporte de helmintos parasitando a</span> Trachycephalus typhonius <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Anura: Hylidae) del noreste de Argentina</span>" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1-4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2014 "Ancho" => 1577 "Tamanyo" => 316429 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nematodes from <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trachycephalus typhonius</span>. 1. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias cf. elegans</span>, hermaphrodite gravid specimen. Scale bar= 500 μm. 2. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aplectana hylambatis</span>, female, entire worm. Scale bar= 200 μm. 3. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aplectana hylambatis</span>, male, posterior extremity. Scale bar= 50 μm. 4. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aplectana hylambatis</span>, male, enlarged view of the distal articulation of spicules. Scale bar= 50 μm. Abbreviations: da, distal articulation of the spicules; g, gubernaculum; po, postcloacal papillae; pr, precloacal papillae; s, spicules; v, vulva.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The veined tree frog or common milk frog, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trachycephalus typhonius</span> (Linnaeus, 1758) (Anura: Hylidae), is a very widespread frog from the lowlands of tropical Mexico, Central America (to 2,500 m asl in Guatemala), to Amazon Basin of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, and Brazil, Guianas, and south to Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">Frost, 2014</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">Soares, Iop, & Santos, 2012</a>). In Argentina, this anuran species is distributed in Corrientes, Chaco, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero and Santa Fe Provinces (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">SIB, 2014</a>). The veined tree frog is a nocturnal amphibian typically found perching on tree branches and vegetation while foraging at night. It preys on spiders, insects and bats, having a generalist diet (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">Duré & Kehr, 2006</a>).<a name="p256"></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The helminth fauna of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. typhonius</span> has been poorly studied, so far 6 species of helminths have been recorded parasitizing this species (cited as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phrynohyas venulosa</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trachycephalus venulosus</span>): <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Polystoma lopezromani</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Combes and Laurent, 1979</a> (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from Argentina (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Combes & Laurent, 1979</a>); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Batracholandros spectatus</span> (Freitas and Ibáñez, 1962) Freitas and Ibáñez, 1965 (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae), and larvae of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Physaloptera</span> sp. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) from Peru (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">Bursey, Goldberg, & Parmalee, 2001</a>); and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Parapharyngodon duniae</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Bursey and Brooks, 2004</a> (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aplectana incerta</span> Caballero, 1949 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aplectana itzocanensis</span> Bravo-Hollis, 1943 (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) from Costa Rica (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Bursey & Brooks, 2004</a>, emsp <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">2010</a>). The aim of this paper is to increase the knowledge of the diversity of helminth parasites from anurans from northeastern Argentina.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On September 17<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2012, 2 specimens of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. typhonius</span> were collected at La Marcela farm in Pirané, Formosa Province, Argentina (26°17’35” S, 59°08’38” W), with authorization of Ministerio de la Producción y Ambiente, Dirección de Fauna y Parques of Formosa Province. The frogs were dissected after an overdose with 20% benzocaine and all organs were examined using a Stemi 2000-C Zeiss stereoscope. The collected nematodes were counted and fixed in 5% formaline and cleared in Aman's lactophenol for light microscopic investigation, using a Standard 25 Zeiss optical microscope. For their identification were used taxonomic descriptions taken from specific literature (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Anderson & Bain, 1982</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Baker & Vaucher, 1986</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">González, Quiroga, Moreno, & Sanabria, 2013</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">Gutiérrez, 1945</a>). All measurements are given in micrometres (μm) unless otherwise stated, as the range followed by the mean and standard deviation in parentheses. The nematodes were deposited in the Helminthological Collection of the Museo de La Plata (MLP), and the hosts in the Herpetological Collection of the Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina (accession numbers: MLP A5642, MLP A5643).</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rhabdiasidae Railliet, 1915</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> Stiles and Hassall, 1905</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> cf. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">elegans</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">Gutiérrez, 1945</a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>)</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Host: Trachycephalus typhonius</span> (L.) (Anura: Hylidae).</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">New host record<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.</span></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Site of infection</span>: lungs.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Prevalence and intensity of infection</span>: 50% (1 of 2); 2.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Voucher specimens deposited</span>: MLP-He 6792.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Description</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">(Based on 2 hermaphrodite gravid specimens). Body cylindrical. Body length 5.9-6.4 (6.1±0.38)<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm, maximum width 0.43-0.46 (0.44±0.02)<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm. Anterior end rounded, posterior end conical. Body cuticle swollen, with irregular folds. Oral opening narrow, without labial structures. Buccal capsule infundibuliform, with sclerotized walls, 12-19 (15.6±5.3) deep, 16.5-19 (17.7±1.8) wide. Esophagus small, cylindrical, with a posterior dilatation. Esophagus length, 369-391 (380±15.71), 6-6.2 (6.1)% of the body length. Esophagus width 45-57 (51±8.32) at anterior region. Posterior bulb 67-114 (90±33.48) wide. Inconspicuous nerve ring at 166.6 from the anterior region of the body (2.8% of the body length). Inconspicuous excretory duct. Intestine wide and filled with black and brown contents. Vulva near to middle body, slightly post-equatorial, distance from the anterior region of the body to vulva 3.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm (55% of body length). Genital system amphidelphic. Tail short, conical, 328.4-348 (338±13.66) long, representing 5.3-5.43 (5.5)% of body length. Eggs numerous, oval, thin-walled, in different stages of development and containing developed larvae near vulva, 101-110 (106±6.66) long by 49-66 (57±11.8) wide.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Remarks</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adult nematodes in the family Rhabdiasidae are common lung parasites of amphibians and reptiles, and the infection occur by skin penetration (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">Anderson, 2000</a>), orally, or potentially via transport hosts (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Baker, 1979</a>). So far, of the approximately 90 species of this genus distributed worldwide (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">Tkach, Kuzmin, & Snyder, 2014</a>), 21 species have been reported in the Neotropical Region (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>), and 5 of them in amphibians from Argentina: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias fülleborni</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">Travassos, 1926</a> in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinella schneideri</span> (Werner) from Corrientes Province; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias elegans</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">Gutiérrez, 1945</a> in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinella arenarum</span> (Hensel) from Buenos Aires and Salta Provinces and in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. schneideri</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leptodactylus bufonius</span> Boulenger and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Odontophrynus americanus</span> (Duméril and Bibron) from Corrientes Province; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias mucronata</span> Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1952 in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leptodactylus latrans</span> (Steffen) from Corrientes Province; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias truncata</span> Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1952 in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Telmatobius schreiteri</span> Vellard from Tucumán Province and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> aff. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sphaerocephala</span> in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinella fernandezae</span> (Gallardo) from Corrientes Province. Moreover, specimens of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> sp. in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leptodactylus chaquensis</span> Cei and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Physalaemus biligonigerus</span> (Cope) were reported from Corrientes and Córdoba Provinces, respectively (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">González & Hamann, 2007</a>, emsp <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">2008</a>, emsp <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">2009</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">Gutiérrez, 1945</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">Gutiérrez, Attademo, Guerrero, Peltzer, & Lajmanovich, 2005</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">Kloss, 1971</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">Hamann, Kehr, & González, 2012</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">2013</a>; Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1952; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">Sueldo & Ramírez, 1976</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The specimens here studied are closely related to the original description of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. elegans</span> when considering the slightly postequatorial position of the vulva (3.3 vs. 2.4-4.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm from anterior region of the body), the body length (5.9-6.4 vs. 4.5-9.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm), the absence of lip structures in the anterior end, the cylindrical esophagus (369-391 vs. 314-490 long) and the eggs size (101-110 3 49-66 vs. 91-112 3 52-59). Given that have been found only 2 specimens and that has been stated by several researchers that the conservative morphology of the genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> (uniform shape and size) and absence of males in the parasitic generation can result in the incorrect identification of some species (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">Kuzmin, Tkach, & Synder, 2003</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">Martínez-Salazar, Pérez-Ponce de León, & Parra-Olea, 2009</a>) more specimens will be necessary for a proper morphological and molecular taxonomic determination.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cosmocercidae Raillet, 1916</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aplectana</span> Railliet and Henry, 1916</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aplectana hylambatis</span> (Baylis, 1927) Travassos, 1931</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">(<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figs. 2</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">3</a>, and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">4</a>)</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Host</span>: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trachycephalus typhonius</span> (L.) (Anura: Hylidae).</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">New host record<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.</span></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Site of infection</span>: small and large intestine.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Prevalence and intensity of infection</span>: 50% (1 of 2); 48.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Voucher specimens deposited</span>: MLP-He 6793.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Description</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">(Based on 15 specimens). Small, slender nematodes. Cuticle bearing transverse striations, uniform along the body. Triangular mouth surrounded by 3 lips: 1 dorsal with 2 cephalic papillae<a name="p257"></a> and 2 ventral with 1 cephalic papilla each. Two amphids. Esophageal bulb well distinct and with chitinous valves. Excretory pore pre-bulbar.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Female</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">(Based on 10 gravid specimens). Body 2.7-3.6 (3.2±0.28)<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm long by 210-280 (244±21.7) wide. Pharynx muscular, 36-60 (45±7.85) long by 26-33 (30±2.11) wide; esophagus muscular, 386-467 (424±74.9) long; valvulated esophageal bulb 95-170 (108±22.35) long by 100-124 (110±6.9) wide. Nerve ring and excretory pore at 131-241 (210±55.15) and 238-483 (230±113.15) from anterior extremity, respectively. Prodelphic uterus. Vulva postequatorial at 1.9-2.3 (2.1±0.16)<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm from anterior extremity, with scalloped edges. Eggs thin shelled, 75-91 long by 38-46 (81 3 53) wide. Tail 214-243 (230±10.88) long.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Male</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">(Based on 5 specimens). Body 2-2.4 (2.2±0.17)<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm long by 120-220 (156±34.18) wide. Pharynx muscular, 36-45 (41±3.27) long by 18-24 (23±2.4) wide; esophagus muscular 357-448 (408±33.16) long; valvulated esophageal bulb 71-95 (83±12) long by 79-102 (87±10.04) wide. Nerve ring and excretory pore at 167 and 362-410 (362±23) from anterior extremity, respectively. Spicules long, equal, 296-328 (311±13.6) with a distal articulation that represents, approximately, 1/8 of its total length. Gubernaculum 68-88 (76±8.8) long. Caudal papillae distributed as follow: 3-4<a name="p258"></a><a name="p259"></a> pairs of ventral precloacal papillae, 1 sublateral adcloacal pair, 3 pairs on anterior lip, 1 unpaired papilla on anterior lip, 2 pairs of ventrolateral postcloacal papillae in the median region of the tail and 1 pair next to the posterior end. Tail 121-214 (172±33.6) long.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Remarks</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considering the revision of the genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aplectana</span> performed by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">Baker (1980</a>) and the posterior descriptions and synonymies (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Baker & Vaucher, 1986</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">González et al., 2013</a>), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A. hylambatis</span> shares with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aplectana chamaeleonis</span> (Baylis, 1929) Travassos, 1931, the characteristic morphology of the spicules. However, the specimens here described are easily distinguished from <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A. chamaeleonis</span> by the presence of 2 pairs of ventrolateral postcloacal papillae in the median region of the tail. In addition, the papillae disposition, the size of the spicules and gubernaculum in the male and the postequatorial vulva with scalloped edges in the females allowed the specific determination.</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In general, the specimens here described are similar in size to those described by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">González and Hamann (2010</a>) parasitizing <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Physalaemus santafecinus</span> from Corrientes Province, but slightly smaller than the specimens described by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">Gutiérrez (1945</a>) in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. arenarum</span> from Buenos Aires Province, those described by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">Baker (1980</a>) in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinella achalensis</span> from Córdoba Province and those described by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">González et al. (2013</a>) in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. arenarum</span> from San Juan Province, Argentina.</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aplectana hylambatis</span> is a generalist species parasitizing a wide range of anurans hosts. In Argentina, it was found parasitizing 2 families of frogs: Bufonidae and Leptodactylidae (subfamilies Leptodactylinae and Leiuperinae) from Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Corrientes, Salta and San Juan Provinces (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">González et al., 2013</a>).</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This note represents the first record of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A. hylambatis</span> as a parasite of hylid frogs from Argentina, and the findings of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A. hylambatis</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R.</span> cf<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">. elegans</span> constitute the first records of both genera in the Formosa Province. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trachycephalus typhonius</span> represents a new host for both parasites.<a name="p260"></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors thank Dr. Carlos Montoya for his help and hospitality during the stay in Formosa Province. We also thank Luis Pagano and Agustín Abba for their assistance in collecting the amphibian hosts, and the two anonymous reviewers for the helpful comments that greatly improved this manuscript. The authors, Lía Lunaschi and Regina Draghi, are members of the Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC). The present study was funded by CIC (Res. N° 243/13) and UNLP (11/N603).</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres479205" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec501483" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres479206" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec501482" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Description" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Remarks" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Description" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Female" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Male" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Remarks" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2013-05-30" "fechaAceptado" => "2014-10-15" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec501483" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias cf. elegans</span>" 1 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aplectana hylambatis</span>" 2 => "Veined tree frog" 3 => "Formosa Province" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec501482" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias cf. elegans</span>" 1 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aplectana hylambatis</span>" 2 => "Rana lechera común" 3 => "Provincia de Formosa" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Two species of nematodes, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> cf. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">elegans</span> (Rhabdiasidae) and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aplectana hylambatis</span> (Cosmocercidae), were recovered from the lungs and intestine of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trachycephalus typhonius</span> (Anura: Hylidae) captured in Formosa Province, Argentina. Morphological and morphometric data of both species are provided, and previous records of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> spp. in the Neotropical region are summarized. The finding of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> cf. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">elegans</span> constitutes the first record of this genus in the Formosa Province, and the finding of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A. hylambatis</span> represents the first record of this species as a parasite of hylid frogs, and the first report in Formosa Province. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trachycephalus typhonius</span> represents a new host for both parasites.</p></span>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dos especies de nematodos, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> cf. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">elegans</span> (Rhabdiasidae) y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aplectana hylambatis</span> (Cosmocercidae), fueron recuperados de los pulmones e intestino de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trachycephalus typhonius</span> (Anura: Hylidae) capturados en la provincia de Formosa, Argentina. Se proveen datos morfológicos y morfométricos de ambas especies y se resumen los registros previos de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> spp. en la región neotropical. El hallazgo de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> cf. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">elegans</span> constituye el primer registro del género <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> en la provincia de Formosa y el de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A</span>. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hylambatis</span> representa el primer registro de esta especie en hílidos, y el primer reporte en la provincia de Formosa<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">. Trachycephalus typhonius</span> es un nuevo hospedero para ambos parásitos.</p></span>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1-4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2014 "Ancho" => 1577 "Tamanyo" => 316429 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nematodes from <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trachycephalus typhonius</span>. 1. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias cf. elegans</span>, hermaphrodite gravid specimen. Scale bar= 500 μm. 2. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aplectana hylambatis</span>, female, entire worm. Scale bar= 200 μm. 3. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aplectana hylambatis</span>, male, posterior extremity. Scale bar= 50 μm. 4. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aplectana hylambatis</span>, male, enlarged view of the distal articulation of spicules. Scale bar= 50 μm. Abbreviations: da, distal articulation of the spicules; g, gubernaculum; po, postcloacal papillae; pr, precloacal papillae; s, spicules; v, vulva.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Host group \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Host species \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Species of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Country \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reference \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Amphibia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bufonidae \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anaxyrus kelloggi</span> (Taylor) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. americanus</span> Baker, 1978 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Goldberg & Bursey, 2002</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Incilius occidentalis</span> (Camerano) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. kuzmini</span> Martinez-Salazar \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Martinez-Salazar & Leon-Regagnon, 2007 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">& Leon-Regagnon, 2007 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Incilius marmoreus</span> Wiegmann \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. fülleborni</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Galicia-Guerrero, Bursey, Goldberg, & Salgado-Maldonado, 2000</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Incilius mazatlanensis</span> (Taylor) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. americanus</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Goldberg & Bursey, 2002</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Incilius nebulifer</span> (Girard) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. fülleborni</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Galicia-Guerrero et al., 2000</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinella arenarum</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. elegans</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Argentina \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Gutierrez, 1945 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Paraguay \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">Kloss, 1971</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Uruguay \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">Kloss, 1971</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. fülleborni</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brazil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">Travassos, 1926</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinella bergi</span> (Cespedez) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> sp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Argentina \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Gonzälez & Hamann, 2007 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinella crucifer</span> (Wied) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. hermafrodita</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">Kloss, 1971</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brazil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">Kloss, 1974</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinella fernandezae</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R.</span> aff<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">. sphaerocephala</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Argentina \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">Hamann et al., 2013</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinella icterica</span> (Spix) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. fülleborni</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brazil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">Travassos, 1926</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">Kloss, 1971</a>; Vicente, \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Rodrigues, Gomes, & Pinto, 1991; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">Luque, Martins, & Tavares, 2005</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">Pinhäo, Wunderlich, Anjos, & Silva, 2009</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinella marina</span> L. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. alabialis</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Kuzmin, Tkach and Books, 2007</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Costa Rica \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Kuzmin, Tkach, & Books, 2007</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. americanus</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Espinoza-Jimenez, Garcia-Prieto, \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Osorio-Sarabia, & Leon-Regagnon, 2007 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. fülleborni</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brazil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">Kloss, 1971</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">Kloss, 1974</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Galicia-Guerrero et al., 2000</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Goldberg, Bursey, Salgado-Maldonado, Baez,& Caneda, 2002</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">Espinoza-Jimenez et al.,2007</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. paraensis</span> Santos, Melo, Nascimento, \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brazil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270">Santos et al., 2011</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Nascimento, Giese & Furtado, 2011 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. pseudosphaerocephala</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Kuzmin, Tkach & Brooks, 2007</a> (as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias sphaerocephala</span> Goodey, 1924) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brazil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">Kloss, 1971</a>, emsp <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">1974</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">BermudaIsland \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">Kloss, 1974</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> sp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Galicia-Guerrero et al., 2000</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">Guill en- Hernändez, 1992</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Nicaragua \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Kuzmin et al., 2007</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Costa Rica \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Kuzmin et al., 2007</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinella margaritifera</span> (Laurenti) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. androgyna</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">Kloss, 1971</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brazil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">Kloss, 1971</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinella rubescens</span> (Lutz) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. elegans</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brazil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">Kloss, 1971</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinella schneideri</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. fülleborni</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brazil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">Kloss,1971</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">Vicente et al., 1991</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. elegans</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Argentina \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">Kloss, 1971</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Craugastoridae \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Craugastor occidentalis</span> (Taylor) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. manantlanensis</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">Martinez-Salazar, 2008</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Martinez-Salazar, 2008 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Cycloramphidae \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Thoropa miliaris</span> (Spix) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. fülleborni</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brazil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">Travassos, 1926</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Hylidae \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dendropsophus microcephalus</span>(Cope) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> sp.[= <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. tobagoensis</span> of <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Goldberg, Bursey, Salgado-Maldonado et al. (2002</a>)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Martinez-Salazar et al., 2009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hypsiboas albopunctatus</span> (Spix) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> sp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brazil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">Holmes, Bocchiglieri, Araujo, & Silva, 2008</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudacris hypochondriaca</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. peninsularis</span> Martinez-Salazar, \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Martinez-Salazar, Falcon-Ordaz, \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">(Hallowell) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Falcon-Ordaz, Gonzälez-Bernal, \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Gonzälez-Bernal, Parra-Olea, & Perez \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Parra-Olea & Perez Ponce de Leon, 2013 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ponce de Leon, 2013 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudacris regilla</span> (Baird and \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. peninsularis</span> (as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. ranae</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">Goldberg, Bursey, & Gergus, 2001</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Girard) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudis platensis</span> Gallardo \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> sp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brazil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">Campiäo, da Silva, & Ferreira, 2010</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Scinax staufferi</span> (Cope) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> sp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Martinez-Salazar et al., 2009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Smilisca baudinii</span> Dumeril and \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. americanus</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Goldberg & Bursey, 2002</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bibron \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdia</span>s sp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Guillen-Hernändez, 1992 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Smilisca cyanosticta</span> (Smith) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. fülleborni</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Goldberg et al., 2002</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trachycephalus typhonius</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> cf. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">elegans</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Argentina \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Present study \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Leptodactylidae \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leptodactylus chaquensis</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> sp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brazil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">Vicente et al., 1991</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> sp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Argentina \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">Hamann, Kehr, & Gonzälez, 2006</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leptodactylus bufonius</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. elegans</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Argentina \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">Hamann et al., 2012</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Leptodactylidae \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leptodactylus labyrinthicus</span> (Spix) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. fülleborni</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brazil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">Vicente et al., 1991</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(cont.)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Leptodactylus latrans \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. mucronata</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Argentina \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1952</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leptodactylus macrosternum</span> Miranda \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. breviensis</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">Nascimento, Goncalves, Melo, Giese, Furtado and Santos, 2013</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brazil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">Nascimento et al., 2013</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leptodactylus melanonotus</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. elegans</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Goldberg et al., 2002</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">(Hallowell) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. elegans</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">Martinez-Salazar & Leon-Regagnon, 2007</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. ranae</span> Walton, 1929 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Goldberg & Bursey, 2002</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> sp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">Mata-Lopez, Leon-Regagnon,& Garcia-Prieto, 2013</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leptodactylus podicipinus (Cope)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> sp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brazil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">Campiäo, da Silva, & Ferreira, 2009</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leptodactylus syphax Bokermann</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdia</span>s sp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brazil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">Vicente et al., 1991</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Physalaemus biligonigerus</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> sp<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Argentina \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Gutierrez et al., 2005 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pristimantis terraebolivaris</span> (Rivero) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. tobagoensis</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">Moravec & Kaiser, 1995</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Tobago \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">Moravec & Kaiser, 1995</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">OdontophrynidaeRanidae \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Odontophrynus americanus</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. elegans</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Argentina \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Gonzalez & Hamann, 2009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lithobates berlandieri</span> (Baird) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. fülleborni</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">Leon-Regagnon, Martinez-Salazar, Lazcano-Villarreal, & Rosas-Valdez, 2005</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. savagei</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">Bursey and Goldberg, 2005</a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> sp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Leon-Regagnon et al., 2005 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Guillen-Hernandez, 1992 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lithobates forreri</span> (Boulenger) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. savagei</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Costa Rica \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">Bursey & Goldberg, 2005</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lithobates</span> cf. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">forreri</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. pseudosphaerocephala</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">Cabrera-Guzman, Leon-Regagnon, & Garcia-Prieto, 2007</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lithobates magnaocularis</span> (Frost and Bagnara) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. ranae</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Goldberg & Bursey, 2002</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lithobates tarahumarae</span> (Boulenger) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. ranae</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">Bursey & Goldberg, 2001</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lithobates vaillanti</span> (Brocchi) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. fülleborni</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Goldberg et al., 2002</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. pseudosphaerocephala</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">Paredes-Calderon, Leon Regagnon, & Garcia-Prieto, 2004</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> sp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Guillen-Hernandez, 1992 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lithobates</span> sp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. pseudosphaerocephala</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">Martinez-Villarreal, 1969</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Telmatobiidae \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Telmatobius schreiteri \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. truncata</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Argentina \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1952</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Reptilia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anguidae \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Elgaria paucicarinata</span> (Fitch) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> sp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Goldberg & Bursey, 2004</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dactyloidae \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anolis frenatus</span> (Cope) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. anolis</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">Bursey, Goldberg & Telford, 2003</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Panama \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">Bursey, Goldberg, & Telford, 2003</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anolis megapholidotus</span> Smith \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. leonae</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">Martinez-Salazar, 2006</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mexico \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Martinez-Salazar, 2006 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anolis capito</span> Peters \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R. nicaraguensis</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Bursey, Goldberg & Vitt, 2007</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Nicaragua \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Bursey, Goldberg, & Vitt, 2007</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab757432.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">List of host species for Neotropical <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> spp.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:61 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "Anderson, 2000" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates: their development and transmission" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "R.C. 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Bain" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "CIH Keys to the Nematode parasites of vertebrates N° 9" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "26" "serieFecha" => "1982" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "Baker, 1979" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The free-living and parasitic development of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhabdias</span> spp (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) in amphibians" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.R. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2024 October | 34 | 4 | 38 |
| 2024 September | 33 | 5 | 38 |
| 2024 August | 23 | 5 | 28 |
| 2024 July | 20 | 6 | 26 |
| 2024 June | 26 | 5 | 31 |
| 2024 May | 37 | 2 | 39 |
| 2024 April | 35 | 2 | 37 |
| 2024 March | 29 | 8 | 37 |
| 2024 February | 32 | 10 | 42 |
| 2024 January | 54 | 6 | 60 |
| 2023 December | 59 | 7 | 66 |
| 2023 November | 59 | 4 | 63 |
| 2023 October | 50 | 4 | 54 |
| 2023 September | 21 | 3 | 24 |
| 2023 August | 10 | 8 | 18 |
| 2023 July | 18 | 4 | 22 |
| 2023 June | 21 | 6 | 27 |
| 2023 May | 43 | 4 | 47 |
| 2023 April | 36 | 5 | 41 |
| 2023 March | 29 | 4 | 33 |
| 2023 February | 23 | 4 | 27 |
| 2023 January | 45 | 3 | 48 |
| 2022 December | 48 | 5 | 53 |
| 2022 November | 30 | 6 | 36 |
| 2022 October | 21 | 8 | 29 |
| 2022 September | 23 | 11 | 34 |
| 2022 August | 38 | 18 | 56 |
| 2022 July | 28 | 7 | 35 |
| 2022 June | 32 | 4 | 36 |
| 2022 May | 36 | 4 | 40 |
| 2022 April | 27 | 22 | 49 |
| 2022 March | 38 | 43 | 81 |
| 2022 February | 22 | 23 | 45 |
| 2022 January | 37 | 29 | 66 |
| 2021 December | 38 | 22 | 60 |
| 2021 November | 29 | 22 | 51 |
| 2021 October | 16 | 18 | 34 |
| 2021 September | 15 | 13 | 28 |
| 2021 August | 30 | 9 | 39 |
| 2021 July | 43 | 11 | 54 |
| 2021 June | 20 | 7 | 27 |
| 2021 May | 26 | 8 | 34 |
| 2021 April | 40 | 15 | 55 |
| 2021 March | 36 | 4 | 40 |
| 2021 February | 7 | 8 | 15 |
| 2021 January | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2020 December | 10 | 8 | 18 |
| 2020 November | 22 | 8 | 30 |
| 2020 October | 9 | 9 | 18 |
| 2020 September | 13 | 5 | 18 |
| 2020 August | 16 | 2 | 18 |
| 2020 July | 14 | 3 | 17 |
| 2020 June | 12 | 6 | 18 |
| 2020 May | 18 | 11 | 29 |
| 2020 April | 13 | 6 | 19 |
| 2020 March | 7 | 11 | 18 |
| 2020 February | 23 | 6 | 29 |
| 2020 January | 22 | 10 | 32 |
| 2019 December | 27 | 12 | 39 |
| 2019 November | 17 | 11 | 28 |
| 2019 October | 10 | 8 | 18 |
| 2019 September | 12 | 6 | 18 |
| 2019 August | 15 | 2 | 17 |
| 2019 July | 10 | 13 | 23 |
| 2019 June | 40 | 27 | 67 |
| 2019 May | 105 | 14 | 119 |
| 2019 April | 64 | 30 | 94 |
| 2019 March | 11 | 5 | 16 |
| 2019 February | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| 2019 January | 4 | 6 | 10 |
| 2018 December | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2018 November | 18 | 4 | 22 |
| 2018 October | 19 | 21 | 40 |
| 2018 September | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2018 August | 30 | 8 | 38 |
| 2018 July | 22 | 18 | 40 |
| 2018 June | 27 | 3 | 30 |
| 2018 May | 44 | 20 | 64 |
| 2018 April | 26 | 12 | 38 |
| 2018 March | 15 | 4 | 19 |
| 2018 February | 120 | 8 | 128 |
| 2018 January | 91 | 4 | 95 |
| 2017 December | 141 | 3 | 144 |
| 2017 November | 62 | 9 | 71 |
| 2017 October | 10 | 5 | 15 |
| 2017 September | 17 | 8 | 25 |
| 2017 August | 4 | 11 | 15 |
| 2017 July | 11 | 17 | 28 |
| 2017 June | 18 | 23 | 41 |
| 2017 May | 13 | 9 | 22 |
| 2017 April | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| 2017 March | 15 | 35 | 50 |
| 2017 February | 17 | 9 | 26 |
| 2017 January | 6 | 4 | 10 |
| 2016 December | 19 | 7 | 26 |
| 2016 November | 26 | 9 | 35 |
| 2016 October | 37 | 16 | 53 |
| 2016 September | 27 | 13 | 40 |
| 2016 August | 23 | 7 | 30 |
| 2016 July | 11 | 1 | 12 |
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