ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Micro-osteoperforations for accelerating tooth movement during canine distalization, split-mouth study. Case report
Micro-oseoperforaciones para acelerar el movimiento ortodóncico en distalización canina, estudio en boca dividida. Reporte de un caso
Read
6954
Timeswas read the article
1229
Total PDF
5725
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:25 [ "pii" => "S2395921518300114" "issn" => "23959215" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmo.2018.01.011" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-10-01" "aid" => "209" "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Odontología" "copyrightAnyo" => "2017" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia. 2017;5:e201-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1729 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 50 "HTML" => 1373 "PDF" => 306 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2395921518300126" "issn" => "23959215" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmo.2018.01.012" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-10-01" "aid" => "210" "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Odontología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia. 2017;5:e210-6" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 663 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 43 "HTML" => 452 "PDF" => 168 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL RESEARCH</span>" "titulo" => "Immunoexpression of transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) and receptor III of β transforming growth factor (TGF β-RIII) in pediatric patients with complete or incomplete non-syndromic cleft palate" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e210" "paginaFinal" => "e216" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Inmunoexpresión del factor de crecimiento transformante β3 (TGF-β3) y del receptor III del factor de crecimiento transformante β (TGF β-RIII) en pacientes pediátricos con paladar hendido completo o incompleto no sindromático" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0030" "etiqueta" => "Figure 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr6.jpeg" "Alto" => 767 "Ancho" => 1003 "Tamanyo" => 58493 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Palatal fissure size (mm).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Carolina López González, Héctor Aquiles Maldonado Martínez, Salvador García López, María del Carmen Rosas Ramírez, Fernando López Casillas, Araceli Pérez González, Dulce Haydeé Gutiérrez Valdez" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carolina" "apellidos" => "López González" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Héctor Aquiles" "apellidos" => "Maldonado Martínez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Salvador" "apellidos" => "García López" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María" "apellidos" => "del Carmen Rosas Ramírez" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fernando" "apellidos" => "López Casillas" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Araceli" "apellidos" => "Pérez González" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Dulce Haydeé" "apellidos" => "Gutiérrez Valdez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2395921518300126?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23959215/0000000500000004/v1_201802071836/S2395921518300126/v1_201802071836/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2395921518300102" "issn" => "23959215" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmo.2018.01.010" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-10-01" "aid" => "208" "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Odontología" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "edi" "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia. 2017;5:e198-200" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 695 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 51 "HTML" => 424 "PDF" => 220 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">EDITORIAL</span>" "titulo" => "COFEPRIS: audits of dental care clinics" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e198" "paginaFinal" => "e200" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "COFEPRIS: las auditorías de establecimientos de atención odontológica" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Agustín Tiol-Carrillo" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Agustín" "apellidos" => "Tiol-Carrillo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2395921518300102?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23959215/0000000500000004/v1_201802071836/S2395921518300102/v1_201802071836/en/main.assets" ] "asociados" => array:1 [ 0 => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2395921518300023" "issn" => "23959215" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmo.2018.01.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-10-01" "aid" => "200" "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Odontología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia. 2017;5:205-13" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1865 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 56 "HTML" => 1441 "PDF" => 368 ] ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">TRABAJO ORIGINAL</span>" "titulo" => "Micro-oseoperforaciones para acelerar el movimiento ortodóncico en distalización canina, estudio en boca dividida. Reporte de un caso" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "205" "paginaFinal" => "213" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Micro-osteoperforations for accelerating tooth movement during canine distalization, split-mouth study. Case report" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figura 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 559 "Ancho" => 1001 "Tamanyo" => 73074 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Radiografía panorámica.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Yamile Zamora Escobar, Francisco José Murillo Samper" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Yamile" "apellidos" => "Zamora Escobar" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco José" "apellidos" => "Murillo Samper" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2395921518300023?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23959215/0000000500000004/v1_201802071836/S2395921518300023/v1_201802071836/es/main.assets" ] ] "en" => array:18 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL RESEARCH</span>" "titulo" => "Micro-osteoperforations for accelerating tooth movement during canine distalization, split-mouth study. Case report" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e201" "paginaFinal" => "e209" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Yamile Zamora Escobar, Francisco José Murillo Samper" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Yamile" "apellidos" => "Zamora Escobar" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "dra.yzescobar@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>" "identificador" => "fn1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Francisco José" "apellidos" => "Murillo Samper" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "fmurillos@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>" "identificador" => "fn1" ] ] ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Autor para correspondencia." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Micro-oseoperforaciones para acelerar el movimiento ortodóncico en distalización canina, estudio en boca dividida. Reporte de un caso" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0075" "etiqueta" => "Figure 15" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr15.jpeg" "Alto" => 555 "Ancho" => 741 "Tamanyo" => 69200 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Complete distalization.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">INTRODUCTION</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main concern of patients before starting orthodontic treatment is how long it will take to complete the orthodontic treatment.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main setback occurs in treatment of class II patients who require first premolar extractions to distalize the canines. This procedure leads to a longer treatment time.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the last few years several devices and treatment options have made the orthodontic process more efficient and comfortable but not faster.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At present new techniques have been introduced to accelerate tooth movement such as corticotomies and application of prostaglandin E2, but these procedures are painful and costly since they require another specialist to perform them. However, techniques of micro-osteoperforations have been developed recently which increase the process of bone remodeling, have a quick and easy application and can be performed by the orthodontist without pre-surgical discomfort.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">BACKGROUND</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main resistance to tooth movement was the cortical plates of the bones and the interruption of its continuity. The procedure involves the reflection of total thickness flaps to expose buccal and lingual alveolar bone, followed by the interdental cuts through cortical bone and barely penetrate into the medullary bone to accelerate orthodontic movements.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Duker used Kole's basic technique in dogs to investigate if the cuts affected dental vitality. It was concluded that neither the pulp nor the periodontal tissues were damaged during orthodontic tooth movement after the corticotomy and interdental cuts were performed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Frost in 1983 described the regional acceleratory phenomen (RAP) as the local response to a noxious stimulus. He described a process by which a tissue is formed faster than the normal regional regeneration process. Through the improvement of the various stages of healing, this phenomenon makes scarring occur 2-10 times faster than normal physiological healing.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Arias and Márquez Orozco in 2006, based on these findings formulated the hypothesis that the limited and shallow drilling of the buccal or labial cortical plate of the maxilla would be sufficient to increase the expression of inflammatory cytokines, speeding up the process of bone remodeling and therefore the speed of tooth movement.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mani Alikhani et al. in 2013 stated that micro-osteoperforations are an effective, safe and comfortable procedure that accelerates tooth movement significantly and could result in shorter orthodontic treatments.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> They mention that this new minimally invasive technique stimulates the activity of cytokines to accelerate the remodeling of the alveolar bone.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The regional acceleration phenomenon f (RAP) begins from the lesion with a maximum acceleration and declines using corticotomies. RAP begins within days of the injury and it usually reaches its peak at 1-2 months. It usually lasts 4 months in bones and may take from 6 to 24 months and more to disappear.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Acceleration has been used primarily in patients with biprotrusion and skeletal anchorage to distalize the anterior segments.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Different techniques have been used to achieve faster tooth movement. Throughout history, there have been studies of different methods: prostaglandins, corticosteroids, hormones, electric currents and magnetic fields, mechanical vibration, corticotomies and micro-osteoperforations. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10–19</span></a> By combining corticotomies and skeletal anchorage, better results are achieved without secondary movements.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> This serves as well for the distalization of segments.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Linkow in 1969 described for the first time the use of implants as orthodontic anchorage in patients, by using them for retraction of the upper anterior teeth. Several authors have used them as well to perform different movements.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23–27</span></a> Kuroda in 2009 determined that for canine distalization using TADs between the roots of the second premolar and first molar a NiTi spring with 100 grams of force must be used.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> In the mandibular arch min-screws may be used in patients with biprotrusion.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mini implants placed at 90<span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> may be a better option in orthodontic treatments due to a greater resistance to forces and therefore, more stability.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Giuliano Maino in 2013 described an anchoring system with self-drilling titanium mini-screws with immediate loading called Spider Screw TM. This anchoring system may be used for different types of orthodontic movements due to the immediate loading using between 50 and 250 g. Mini-screws do not have osseo-integration, which facilitates their removal.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">CASE REPORT</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Diagnosis</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A female patient of 14 years of age was referred to the Orthodontics Clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, Torreon Unit of the Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila for presenting moderate crowding and lack of eruption of an upper canine. While performing the medical and dental history it was found that the health status of the patient was apparently healthy, no pathological data were observed during the oral examination; she did not have pain, or any manifestation of temporomandibular joint disorders.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The analysis of the facial photographs revealed a dolichofacial patient, oval face, straight nose, biprocheilia and coincident facial and dental midlines <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figures 1A-1C</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">)</span>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Upon the intraoral clinical examination it was observed: lower midline deviated to the left, healthy gum, right upper canine in supra-eruption, 3 mm overbite, 3 mm overjet, molar class II, canine class II and oval arch form <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figures 2A-2E</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">)</span>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the orthopantomography, symmetrical mandibular condyles and ramus were observed, continuous alveolar ridges, 28 erupted teeth, the germ of the third molars and second premolars as well as a crown-root ratio of 2:1 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 3</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">)</span>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The cephalometric data revealed a class II due to maxillary hyperplasia, vertical growth, tendency to skeletal open bite, short anterior cranial base, short mandibular ramus and posterior position of the mandible; dental class II, lower incisor proclination, lower incisor protrusion, tendency to open bite, increased lower third and oval face <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 4</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">and</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Table I</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">)</span>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Goals of treatment</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To achieve canine class I, molar class I, to improve the overjet and overbite, to obtain matching dental midlines, to improve the profile.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Treatment plan</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The treatment plan included the extraction of four first premolars, leveling, distalization of the upper canines, retraction of the upper and lower anterior segments and finishing of the case.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For distalization of the upper canines it was suggested to perform micro-osteoperforations to shorten the time of this procedure and to compare the effectiveness of the micro-osteoperforations to accelerate orthodontic movement. The study was done with a split-mouth design. The patient accepted this proposal signing the informed consent. The treatment was performed in the Clinic of the Masters in Dental Sciences with Emphasis in Orthodontics in the Faculty of Dentistry, Torreon Unit of the Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Treatment progress</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient had the extraction of four first premolars. During this event, the patient's parents read the informed consent and signed the authorization. 0.018” slot Alexander brackets were placed, alignment and leveling was achieved, as well as to position the upper right canine within the arch to distalize it. 0.018” slot Alexander bands were placed and also, a TPA for anchorage.</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To increase the certainty of the distal displacement of the canines mini-implants were used as anchorage. The inter-radicular distance between teeth #1.5 and 1.6 was assessed radiographically to determine the dimensions of the mini-implant that was going to sustain the strain.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mini-implant was placed and one week after micro-osteoperforations were conducted.</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Topical anesthetic was applied at the extraction site and left there to act for 5 minutes. This procedure allows the patient to report any discomfort as well as to detect contact with some root during mini-implant placement. Three micro-osteperforations were performed in the cortical bone at the extraction site.</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Elastomeric chains were placed from the mini-implant to the bracket of tooth #1.3 with a force of 150 g <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 5</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">)</span>. Another elastomeric chain was placed from teeth #2.3 to 2.6 with a force of 150 g using a 0,016” stainless steel archwire.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Before activation, the distance between distal of the canine and mesial of the premolar was measured with a digital caliper <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figures 6A-6C</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">)</span>. Appointments were indicated every 15 days in order to maintain the force of the chain <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0035"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figures 7 to 13</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">)</span>. Distalization time with micro-osteoperforations was 10 to 12 weeks.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0030"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0035"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0040"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0045"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0050"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0055"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0060"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0065"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">RESULTS</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results were obtained with the analysis and comparison of the photographs and measurements with the digital caliper appointment after appointment <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0070"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figures 14</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">and</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0075"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">15</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">)</span>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0070"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0075"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The result was evaluated at the end of the distalization period of both quadrants. Complete distalization was achieved more effectively and rapidly in the quadrant of MOP in comparison with the control quadrant <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0080"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 16</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">)</span>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0080"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">DISCUSSION</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The efficiency, simplicity and low cost of micro-osteoperforations have been some of the advantages provided by this technique to simplify accelerated orthodontics, being increasingly innovative and comfortable as well as within the reach of all orthodontists thanks to the ease for performing them and their low cost.</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The literature reports several methods of accelerated orthodontics. Most of them describe multiple cases in both animals and humans with excellent results; the majority of these studies submit the patient to more complex surgical procedures in which another specialist must intervene, either the maxillofacial surgeon or the periodontist, in order to perform them, thus increasing costs and posttreatment care.</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Kole in 1949 <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> through their research on interproximal cuts in the bone cortex reported that they were highly effective in accelerating tooth movement and in obtaining satisfactory results. The disadvantage was that, at the time, the technique was very aggressive, was not well accepted and its posttreatment complications were a problem to consider.</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Duker in 1975<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> described in their results that neither the pulp nor the periodontal tissues were damaged during corticotomies using the technique established by Kole,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> this is one of the main advantages of the cuts or perforations of bone. To achieve these results, in the technique hereby described, we decided not to apply local anesthesia, but only topical anesthesia to preserve the sensitivity of the periodontium and teeth, hence, if the perforation performed by the orthodontist was very close to the periodontium, the patient would inform at the time of discomfort giving the specialist a chance to redirect the perforation.</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mani Alkahani et al. in 2013<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> achieved highly favorable results for tooth movement doing micro-osteoperforations in rats and afterwards, in humans in which the result was not so surprising as in rats but similarly accelerated tooth movement after the implementation of MOP. By making a split-mouth study in the case of one patient, a more rapid movement was observed in comparison to a normal technique. These results have great impact, since they come from the same patient, thus we may assess optimal and reliable results by performing both techniques in the same host.</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Taking into consideration the recommendations described the least invasive method was chosen in order to motivate a patient who was reluctant to the extractions needed for orthodontic treatment. It was decided to make a split-mouth comparison in the absence of studies conducted in a same patient to achieve highly reliable results retracting the canine through a technique with 0.022 slot Alexander brackets using the same force on both sides, On the control the side, anchorage was increased with a mini-implant between teeth #1.5 and 1.6 to achieve only canine distalization, avoiding any mesialization of the posterior segment due to bone softening produced with MOP. Both sides received a load of 150 g.</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several authors promote the use of mini-implants for anchorage in upper anterior movements.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23–27</span></a> The force established by Kuroda in 2009<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> for canine distalization with a mini-implant between teeth #1.5 and 1.6 was 100 g with a closed NiTi coil spring. The grams used in this technique for both sides were 150 g. Due to the fact that the traction was performed with elastomeric chains and that they tend to lose their strength as time goes by, it was preferred to apply 150 g of force and renew the chains every 15 days to preserve the desired force.</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Giuliano Maino and other authors in 2013<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29–31</span></a> preset that the load on mini-implants can be immediate if and when the forces are between 100 to 200 grams. Using the results indicated by these authors the decision to perform immediate loading were taken. The results were favorable without complications thanks to the prior study of cases of anchorage with these factors.</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">CONCLUSION</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Space closure through canine distalization with the aid of micro-osteoperforations is a less invasive option for accelerated orthodontics. It decreases the risks in comparison with other techniques such as corticotomies, in addition to being a treatment available to more patients with economic constraints.</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The success or failure of the technique will depend on the specialist, mainly at the time of MOP. It is necessary to consider that bone density varies between each patient, as well as the care and perseverance that the patient has during treatment.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres976405" "titulo" => "ABSTRACT" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec946076" "titulo" => "Key words" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres976404" "titulo" => "RESUMEN" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec946077" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "INTRODUCTION" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "BACKGROUND" ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "CASE REPORT" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Diagnosis" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Goals of treatment" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Treatment plan" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Treatment progress" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "RESULTS" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "DISCUSSION" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "CONCLUSION" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec946076" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Micro-osteoperforations" 1 => "mini-implant" 2 => "canine distalization." ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec946077" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Micro-oseoperforaciones" 1 => "mini-implantes" 2 => "distalización canina." ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "ABSTRACT" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Recent publications done in well-recognized journals of orthodontics, assure that micro-osteoperforations (MOP) enhance the process of bone remodeling and accelerate dental movement. Its application is easy, fast and can be performed by the orthodontist.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The objectives are to evaluate and compare canine distalization time in young patients, by using both an acceleration technique through MOP and a conventional technique in a split-mouth design. 1. Find the best procedure to accelerate an orthodontic treatment with extractions. 2. Decrease treatment time.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Canine distalization was performed on 10 young patients whose treatment plan included first premolar extractions. MOP was performed in the first premolar extraction zone of the right quadrant. A mini-implant was placed between the second premolar and the first molar in order to obtain absolute anchorage. Traction was applied by using power chains on both sides. In the left quadrant canine distalization was performed through conventional methods.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The obtained results in the side where MOP was performed, show a significant reduction in the procedure time when compared with conventional treatment.</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Canine distalization acceleration using MOP in patients with extractions leads to highly effective results; up to 41% faster space closure. This results in a shorter and more comfortable orthodontic treatment for the patient.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "RESUMEN" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diferentes investigaciones aseguran que las micro-oseoperforaciones (MOP) aumentan el proceso de remodelado óseo y aceleran el movimiento dental, su aplicación es fácil, rápida y la puede realizar el ortodoncista.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los objetivos son evaluar y comparar el tiempo de distalización canina en pacientes jóvenes con la técnica de aceleración mediante MOP y técnica convencional en boca dividida; y encontrar el mejor procedimiento para acelerar un tratamiento de ortodoncia con extracciones y disminuir el tiempo de tratamiento.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y métodos</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se llevó a cabo la distalización de caninos en 10 pacientes jóvenes cuyo plan de tratamiento incluía extracción de primeros premolares, se practicó MOP en la zona de la extracción del primer premolar del cuadrante derecho, se colocó un mini-implante entre el segundo premolar y primer molar para obtener un anclaje absoluto, haciendo la tracción con cadena elástica en ambos lados, en el cuadrante izquierdo la distalización de canino se llevó a cabo con procedimiento convencional.</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El resultado que se obtuvo en el lado que se practicó MOP muestra una disminución considerable en el tiempo empleado para este procedimiento comparado con el método convencional.</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Acelerar la distalización canina con micro-oseoperforaciones en pacientes con extracciones resulta muy eficaz hasta un 41% de cierre de espacios más rápido y con ello un tratamiento de ortodoncia más corto y cómodo para el paciente.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "etiqueta" => "1" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Coahuila Autonomous University, Unidad Torreón.</p>" "identificador" => "fn1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">This article can be read in its full version in the following page: <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0005" href="http://www.medigraphic.com/ortodoncia">http://www.medigraphic.com/ortodoncia</span></p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:17 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 568 "Ancho" => 1508 "Tamanyo" => 96174 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Facial photographs. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">A.</span> Smile. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">B.</span> Frontal. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">C.</span> Profile.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1181 "Ancho" => 1490 "Tamanyo" => 160708 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Intraoral photographs. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">A.</span> Upper arch. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">B.</span> Right side. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">C.</span> Frontal. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">D.</span> Left side. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">E.</span> Lower arch.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 559 "Ancho" => 1001 "Tamanyo" => 73074 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Panoramic radiograph.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 816 "Ancho" => 704 "Tamanyo" => 75489 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Lateral headfilm.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0025" "etiqueta" => "Figure 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg" "Alto" => 512 "Ancho" => 684 "Tamanyo" => 73569 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Right side.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0030" "etiqueta" => "Figure 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr6.jpeg" "Alto" => 530 "Ancho" => 1934 "Tamanyo" => 159214 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Initial photographs. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">A.</span> MOP. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">B.</span> Occlusal. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">C.</span> Control.</p>" ] ] 6 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0035" "etiqueta" => "Figure 7" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr7.jpeg" "Alto" => 534 "Ancho" => 1924 "Tamanyo" => 173850 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">First activation. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">A.</span> MOP. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">B.</span> Occlusal. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">C.</span> Control.</p>" ] ] 7 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0040" "etiqueta" => "Figure 8" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr8.jpeg" "Alto" => 528 "Ancho" => 1923 "Tamanyo" => 166581 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Second activation. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">A.</span> MOP. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">B.</span> Occlusal. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">C.</span> Control.</p>" ] ] 8 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0045" "etiqueta" => "Figure 9" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr9.jpeg" "Alto" => 534 "Ancho" => 1923 "Tamanyo" => 155581 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Third activation. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">A.</span> MOP. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">B.</span> Occlusal. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">C.</span> Control.</p>" ] ] 9 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0050" "etiqueta" => "Figure 10" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr10.jpeg" "Alto" => 529 "Ancho" => 1917 "Tamanyo" => 146941 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fourth activation. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">A.</span> MOP. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">B.</span> Occlusal. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">C.</span> Control.</p>" ] ] 10 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0055" "etiqueta" => "Figure 11" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr11.jpeg" "Alto" => 548 "Ancho" => 1298 "Tamanyo" => 113890 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">A.</span> MOP. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">B.</span> Occlusal. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">C.</span> Control..</p>" ] ] 11 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0060" "etiqueta" => "Figure 12" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr12.jpeg" "Alto" => 542 "Ancho" => 1297 "Tamanyo" => 109124 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">A.</span> MOP. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">B.</span> Occlusal. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">C.</span> Control.</p>" ] ] 12 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0065" "etiqueta" => "Figure 13" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr13.jpeg" "Alto" => 544 "Ancho" => 1299 "Tamanyo" => 119681 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">A.</span> MOP. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">B.</span> Occlusal. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">C.</span> Control.</p>" ] ] 13 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0070" "etiqueta" => "Figure 14" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr14.jpeg" "Alto" => 554 "Ancho" => 739 "Tamanyo" => 65164 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Initial photograph.</p>" ] ] 14 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0075" "etiqueta" => "Figure 15" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr15.jpeg" "Alto" => 555 "Ancho" => 741 "Tamanyo" => 69200 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Complete distalization.</p>" ] ] 15 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0080" "etiqueta" => "Figure 16" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr16.jpeg" "Alto" => 832 "Ancho" => 1003 "Tamanyo" => 118871 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0130" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Measurements of the remaining space in the area of distalization measured every two weeks with digital caliper. The measurements were compared between the quadrants of micro-osetoperforations and controls, obtaining an average of 45.20% of greater effectiveness in distalization with MOP than the control.</p>" ] ] 16 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table I" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Measurement \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Norm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SNA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">82 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">85 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SNB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">80 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">80 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ANB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">5 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">76 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">76 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">U1/NA (<span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">22 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">U1/NA (mm) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">5 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">L1/NB (<span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">25 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">35 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">L1/NB (mm) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">8 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1/SN \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">103 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">109 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1 PP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">70 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">68 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Interincisall \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">131 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">115 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Go-Gn/SN \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">32 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">40 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Occlusal plane/SN \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">14 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">18 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">51 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">46 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">18 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Y axis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">59.4 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">70 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IMPA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">90 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">95 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1653588.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0135" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cephalometric data.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:32 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ortodoncia acelerada periodontalmente: fundamentos biológicos y técnicas quirúrgicas" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.S. Robles-Andrade" 1 => "C. Guerrero-Sierra" 2 => "C. Hernández-Hernández" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Mex Periodontol." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "2" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "12" "paginaFinal" => "16" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen: their effects on orthodontic tooth movement" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "O.R. Arias" 1 => "M.C. Marquez-Orozco" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.12.027" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop." "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "130" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "364" "paginaFinal" => "370" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16979495" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Corticotomy facilitated orthodontics: Review of a technique" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A.S. Alghamdi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.sdentj.2009.12.008" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Saudi Dent J." "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "22" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "5" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23960473" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Experimental animal research into segmental alveolar movement after corticotomy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J. Düker" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Maxillofac Surg." "fecha" => "1975" "volumen" => "3" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "81" "paginaFinal" => "84" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1055773" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Corticotomy facilitated orthodontics: review of a technique" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A.S. Alghamdi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.sdentj.2009.12.008" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Saudi Dent J." "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "22" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "5" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23960473" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The regional acceleratory phenomenon: a review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "H.M. Frost" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Henry Ford Hosp Med J." "fecha" => "1983" "volumen" => "31" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "3" "paginaFinal" => "9" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6345475" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of tooth movement" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Alikhani" 1 => "M. Raptis" 2 => "B. Zoldan" 3 => "C. Sangsuwon" 4 => "Y.B. Lee" 5 => "B. Alyami" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.06.017" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop." "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "144" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "639" "paginaFinal" => "648" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24182579" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rapid orthodontics with alveolar reshaping: two case reports of decrowding" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "W.M. Wilcko" 1 => "T. Wilcko" 2 => "J.E. Bouquot" 3 => "D.J. Ferguson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent." "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "21" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "9" "paginaFinal" => "19" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11829041" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Treatment outcomes of orthodontic treatment, corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment, and anterior segmental osteotomy for bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.K. Lee" 1 => "K.R. Chung" 2 => "S.H. Baek" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/01.prs.0000277999.01337.8b" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Plast Reconstr Surg." "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "120" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "1027" "paginaFinal" => "1036" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17805132" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of the effects of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol and prostaglandin E2 on orthodontic tooth movement" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S. Kale" 1 => "I. Kocadereli" 2 => "P. Atilla" 3 => "E. Aşan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0889540603010850" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop." "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "125" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "607" "paginaFinal" => "614" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15127030" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Interactions between glucocorticoids and cytokines in the bone microenvironment" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Angeli" 1 => "A. Dovio" 2 => "M.L. Sartori" 3 => "R.G. Masera" 4 => "B. Ceoloni" 5 => "P. Prolo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann N Y Acad Sci." "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "966" "paginaInicial" => "97" "paginaFinal" => "107" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114264" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The effect of corticosteroidinduced osteoporosis on orthodontic tooth movement" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.B. Ashcraft" 1 => "K.A. Southard" 2 => "E.A. Tolley" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/0889-5406(92)70046-D" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop." "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "102" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "310" "paginaFinal" => "319" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1456215" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effects of continuous infusion of PTH on experimental tooth movement in rats" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S. Soma" 1 => "M. Iwamoto" 2 => "Y. Higuchi" 3 => "K. Kurisu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.4.546" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Bone Miner Res." "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "14" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "546" "paginaFinal" => "554" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10234575" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Local and chronic application of PTH accelerates tooth movement in rats" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Soma" 1 => "S. Matsumoto" 2 => "Y. Higuchi" 3 => "T. Takano-Yamamoto" 4 => "K. Yamashita" 5 => "K. Kurisu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1177/00220345000790091301" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Dent Res." "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "79" "numero" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "1717" "paginaFinal" => "1724" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11023269" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The effects of electrical current from a micro-electrical device on tooth movement" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "D.H. Kim" 1 => "Y.G. Park" 2 => "S.G. Kang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Korean J Orthod." "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "38" "paginaInicial" => "337" "paginaFinal" => "346" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Periodontal tissue activation by vibration: intermittent stimulation by resonance vibration accelerates experimental tooth movement in rats" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Nishimura" 1 => "M. Chiba" 2 => "T. Ohashi" 3 => "M. Sato" 4 => "Y. Shimizu" 5 => "K. Igarashi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.01.046" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop." "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "133" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "572" "paginaFinal" => "583" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18405822" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "comentario" => "concl" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Surgical operations on the alveolar ridge to correct occlusal abnormalities" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "H. Kole" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol." "fecha" => "1959" "volumen" => "12" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "515" "paginaFinal" => "529" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13644913" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cytokine expression and accelerated tooth movement" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C.C. Teixeira" 1 => "E. Khoo" 2 => "J. Tran" 3 => "I. Chartres" 4 => "Y. Liu" 5 => "L.M. Thant" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1177/0022034510373764" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Dent Res." "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "89" "numero" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "1135" "paginaFinal" => "1141" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20639508" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Intrusion of overerupted molars by corticotomy and orthodontic skeletal anchorage" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C.H. Moon" 1 => "J.U. Wee" 2 => "H.S. Lee" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2319/092705-334.1" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Angle Orthod." "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "77" "numero" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "1119" "paginaFinal" => "1125" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18004918" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Osteogenic effect of high-frequency acceleration on alveolar bone" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Alikhani" 1 => "E. Khoo" 2 => "B. Alyami" 3 => "M. Raptis" 4 => "J.M. Salgueiro" 5 => "S.M. Oliveira" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1177/0022034512438590" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Dent Res." "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "91" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "413" "paginaFinal" => "419" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22337699" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Distalización molar superior y ortodoncia acelerada periodontalmente" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R. Spena" 1 => "G. Turatti" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Esp Ortod." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "41" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "246" "paginaFinal" => "254" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S014067361161670X" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The endosseous blade implant and its use in orthodontics" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "L.I. Linkow" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Orthod." "fecha" => "1969" "volumen" => "7" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "149" "paginaFinal" => "154" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5264326" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The possibility of skeletal anchorage" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "T.D. Creekmore" 1 => "M.K. Eklund" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Orthod." "fecha" => "1983" "volumen" => "17" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "266" "paginaFinal" => "269" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6574142" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Uses of implants in orthodontics" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "P.A. Shapiro" 1 => "V.G. Kokich" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:8 [ "tituloSerie" => "Dent Clin North Am." "fecha" => "1988" "volumen" => "32" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "539" "paginaFinal" => "550" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3042478" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673611611434" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A new device for absolute anchorage for orthodontics" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M.S. Block" 1 => "D.R. Hoffman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop." "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "107" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "251" "paginaFinal" => "258" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7879757" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Mini-implant for orthodontic anchorage" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "R. Kanomi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Orthod." "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "31" "numero" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "763" "paginaFinal" => "767" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9511584" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Severe anterior open-bite case treated using titanium screw anchorage" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S. Kuroda" 1 => "A. Katayama" 2 => "T. Takano-Yamamoto" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1043/0003-3219(2004)074<0558:SAOCTU>2.0.CO;2" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Angle Orthod." "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "74" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "558" "paginaFinal" => "567" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15387036" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Aplicación clínica del sistema de anclaje con microimplantes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A. Caramo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "JCO" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "24" "paginaFinal" => "39" ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "29" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resistencia a fuerzas de tracción de miniimplantes usados en ortodoncia dependiendo del ángulo de inserción" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "O. Iniestra-Iturbe" 1 => "E. Grageda-Núñez" 2 => "C. Álvarez-Gayosso" 3 => "J. Guerrero-Ibarra" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Mex Ortodon." "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "2" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "187" "paginaFinal" => "191" ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "30" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comportamiento metalúrgico de mini implantes de Ti-6Al-4V como anclaje temporal en aplicaciones de ortodoncia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "I. Mendoza-Bravo" 1 => "J.A. Arias-González" 2 => "D.I. Villalobos-Vera" 3 => "H. Ruiz-Reyes" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ingeniería, Investigación y Tecnología." "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "15" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "21" "paginaFinal" => "28" ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "31" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Spider Screw: anclaje absoluto de carga inmediata" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "G. Maino" 1 => "P. Pagin" 2 => "P. Mura" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Esp Ortod." "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "21" "paginaFinal" => "30" ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "32" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Efectos de la distracción del ligamento periodontal en la retracción canina rápida" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "H. Matasol-Matamoros" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Venez Ortod." "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "20" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "745" "paginaFinal" => "751" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673614612332" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/23959215/0000000500000004/v1_201802071836/S2395921518300114/v1_201802071836/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "59223" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original research" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23959215/0000000500000004/v1_201802071836/S2395921518300114/v1_201802071836/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2395921518300114?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2024 October | 54 | 22 | 76 |
| 2024 September | 92 | 23 | 115 |
| 2024 August | 80 | 23 | 103 |
| 2024 July | 58 | 33 | 91 |
| 2024 June | 48 | 40 | 88 |
| 2024 May | 41 | 26 | 67 |
| 2024 April | 43 | 14 | 57 |
| 2024 March | 68 | 8 | 76 |
| 2024 February | 102 | 14 | 116 |
| 2024 January | 116 | 17 | 133 |
| 2023 December | 78 | 19 | 97 |
| 2023 November | 71 | 12 | 83 |
| 2023 October | 115 | 18 | 133 |
| 2023 September | 79 | 16 | 95 |
| 2023 August | 54 | 16 | 70 |
| 2023 July | 56 | 8 | 64 |
| 2023 June | 69 | 5 | 74 |
| 2023 May | 71 | 13 | 84 |
| 2023 April | 63 | 3 | 66 |
| 2023 March | 115 | 5 | 120 |
| 2023 February | 85 | 10 | 95 |
| 2023 January | 86 | 10 | 96 |
| 2022 December | 91 | 23 | 114 |
| 2022 November | 81 | 19 | 100 |
| 2022 October | 82 | 19 | 101 |
| 2022 September | 73 | 19 | 92 |
| 2022 August | 89 | 32 | 121 |
| 2022 July | 55 | 17 | 72 |
| 2022 June | 83 | 17 | 100 |
| 2022 May | 80 | 16 | 96 |
| 2022 April | 92 | 19 | 111 |
| 2022 March | 168 | 17 | 185 |
| 2022 February | 161 | 13 | 174 |
| 2022 January | 130 | 9 | 139 |
| 2021 December | 90 | 21 | 111 |
| 2021 November | 79 | 17 | 96 |
| 2021 October | 45 | 17 | 62 |
| 2021 September | 45 | 16 | 61 |
| 2021 August | 68 | 9 | 77 |
| 2021 July | 24 | 10 | 34 |
| 2021 June | 38 | 9 | 47 |
| 2021 May | 55 | 11 | 66 |
| 2021 April | 325 | 16 | 341 |
| 2021 March | 59 | 14 | 73 |
| 2021 February | 81 | 20 | 101 |
| 2021 January | 56 | 16 | 72 |
| 2020 December | 60 | 12 | 72 |
| 2020 November | 61 | 18 | 79 |
| 2020 October | 64 | 16 | 80 |
| 2020 September | 55 | 14 | 69 |
| 2020 August | 65 | 23 | 88 |
| 2020 July | 59 | 16 | 75 |
| 2020 June | 45 | 10 | 55 |
| 2020 May | 36 | 21 | 57 |
| 2020 April | 36 | 20 | 56 |
| 2020 March | 54 | 18 | 72 |
| 2020 February | 54 | 9 | 63 |
| 2020 January | 53 | 30 | 83 |
| 2019 December | 54 | 20 | 74 |
| 2019 November | 45 | 19 | 64 |
| 2019 October | 67 | 19 | 86 |
| 2019 September | 51 | 24 | 75 |
| 2019 August | 40 | 11 | 51 |
| 2019 July | 68 | 21 | 89 |
| 2019 June | 86 | 22 | 108 |
| 2019 May | 128 | 20 | 148 |
| 2019 April | 101 | 25 | 126 |
| 2019 March | 42 | 18 | 60 |
| 2019 February | 52 | 11 | 63 |
| 2019 January | 55 | 11 | 66 |
| 2018 December | 41 | 7 | 48 |
| 2018 November | 58 | 12 | 70 |
| 2018 October | 66 | 15 | 81 |
| 2018 September | 74 | 7 | 81 |
| 2018 August | 30 | 0 | 30 |
| 2018 July | 32 | 1 | 33 |
| 2018 June | 17 | 1 | 18 |
| 2018 May | 27 | 4 | 31 |
| 2018 April | 127 | 1 | 128 |
| 2018 March | 19 | 0 | 19 |
| 2018 February | 8 | 2 | 10 |
Show all