Asymmetry of glenoid fossa as differential diagnosis for hemimandibular elongation

array:25 ["pii" => "S2395921518300138" "issn" => "23959215" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmo.2018.01.013" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-10-01" "aid" => "211" "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Odontología" "copyrightAnyo" => "2017" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia. 2017;5:e217-26" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1383 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 51 "HTML" => 1039 "PDF" => 293 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S239592151830014X" "issn" => "23959215" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmo.2018.01.014" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-10-01" "aid" => "212" "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Odontología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia. 2017;5:e227-32" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 975 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 53 "HTML" => 639 "PDF" => 283 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "ORIGINAL RESEARCH" "titulo" => "Application of therapeutic laser in some orthodontic movements" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e227" "paginaFinal" => "e232" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Aplicación de láser terapéutico en algunos movimientos ortodónticos" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 948 "Ancho" => 1002 "Tamanyo" => 72914 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Means of the estimate measurements of pain as expressed by 10 patients after the second and third month of activation." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Irma Araceli Belío Reyes, Aline Bojórquez Steffani, Lauro Bucio, Juan Manuel Jiménez, Felipe Peraza Garay" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Irma Araceli" "apellidos" => "Belío Reyes" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Aline" "apellidos" => "Bojórquez Steffani" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Lauro" "apellidos" => "Bucio" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juan" "apellidos" => "Manuel Jiménez" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Felipe" "apellidos" => "Peraza Garay" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S239592151830014X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23959215/0000000500000004/v1_201802071836/S239592151830014X/v1_201802071836/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2395921518300126" "issn" => "23959215" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmo.2018.01.012" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-10-01" "aid" => "210" "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Odontología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia. 2017;5:e210-6" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 663 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 43 "HTML" => 452 "PDF" => 168 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "ORIGINAL RESEARCH" "titulo" => "Immunoexpression of transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) and receptor III of β transforming growth factor (TGF β-RIII) in pediatric patients with complete or incomplete non-syndromic cleft palate" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e210" "paginaFinal" => "e216" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Inmunoexpresión del factor de crecimiento transformante β3 (TGF-β3) y del receptor III del factor de crecimiento transformante β (TGF β-RIII) en pacientes pediátricos con paladar hendido completo o incompleto no sindromático" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0030" "etiqueta" => "Figure 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr6.jpeg" "Alto" => 767 "Ancho" => 1003 "Tamanyo" => 58493 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Palatal fissure size (mm)." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Carolina López González, Héctor Aquiles Maldonado Martínez, Salvador García López, María del Carmen Rosas Ramírez, Fernando López Casillas, Araceli Pérez González, Dulce Haydeé Gutiérrez Valdez" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carolina" "apellidos" => "López González" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Héctor Aquiles" "apellidos" => "Maldonado Martínez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Salvador" "apellidos" => "García López" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María" "apellidos" => "del Carmen Rosas Ramírez" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fernando" "apellidos" => "López Casillas" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Araceli" "apellidos" => "Pérez González" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Dulce Haydeé" "apellidos" => "Gutiérrez Valdez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2395921518300126?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23959215/0000000500000004/v1_201802071836/S2395921518300126/v1_201802071836/en/main.assets" ] "asociados" => array:1 [ 0 => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2395921518300047" "issn" => "23959215" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmo.2018.01.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-10-01" "aid" => "202" "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Odontología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia. 2017;5:221-30" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2229 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 48 "HTML" => 1791 "PDF" => 390 ] ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "TRABAJO ORIGINAL" "titulo" => "Asimetría de cavidad glenoidea como diagnóstico diferencial de la elongación hemimandibular" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "221" "paginaFinal" => "230" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Asymmetry of glenoid fossa as differential diagnosis for hemimandibular elongation" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0050" "etiqueta" => "Figura 10" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr10.jpeg" "Alto" => 654 "Ancho" => 843 "Tamanyo" => 50678 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "Medidas intraarticulares corte sagital izquierdo espacio anterior 2.17 mm, superior 1.99 mm, posterior de 2.16 mm. No hay diferencias significativas." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Diego Fernando López Buitrago, Juliana Ruiz Botero" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Diego Fernando" "apellidos" => "López Buitrago" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juliana" "apellidos" => "Ruiz Botero" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2395921518300047?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23959215/0000000500000004/v1_201802071836/S2395921518300047/v1_201802071836/es/main.assets" ] ] "en" => array:18 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "ORIGINAL RESEARCH" "titulo" => "Asymmetry of glenoid fossa as differential diagnosis for hemimandibular elongation" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e217" "paginaFinal" => "e226" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Diego Fernando López Buitrago, Juliana Ruiz Botero" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Diego Fernando" "apellidos" => "López Buitrago" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "dr.diegolopez10@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "1" "identificador" => "fn1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Juliana" "apellidos" => "Ruiz Botero" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jurubo18@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "1" "identificador" => "fn1" ] ] ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Autor para correspondencia." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Asimetría de cavidad glenoidea como diagnóstico diferencial de la elongación hemimandibular" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0070" "etiqueta" => "Figures 14 and 15" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr14.jpeg" "Alto" => 692 "Ancho" => 712 "Tamanyo" => 96551 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "3D reconstruction of bony tissues, right and left saggital section." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "INTRODUCTIONFacial asymmetry is one of the main findings during clinical practice with a prevalence between 21-85%;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> this causes both functional and aesthetic problems<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a> and manifests itself by an inconsistency in size, shape or position of craniofacial structures on both sides of the midsagittal plane.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a>Its etiology is attributed to hereditary and/or environmental factors that may be expressed during the fetal, infantile period, and/or pubertal stage and may include unilateral condylar hyperactivity,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a> functional disharmony of the mastication muscles, dominance of one cerebral hemisphere,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">4</a> plagiocephaly, unilateral craniosynostosis and other disorders associated with chromosomal genetic and multifactorial anomalies such as 13q deletion, Williams syndrome, among others that have oral manifestations. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">5</a> Time of evolution prior to its detection contributes to the level of expression of the asymmetry.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a>In some cases asymmetries may be mild and hardly perceptible, hence they may not require any type of surgical treatment and the facial and skeletal imbalances may be masked through dental compensation, soft tissue compensation or a change head posture.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a>Severt and Proffit<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">6</a> found in a group of patients with facial asymmetry that only 5% of these involved the upper facial third; 36%, the middle third and 75%, the lower third with lateral deviation of the chin.Alterations in the upper facial third involve the development of the skull, which is believed to be apparently symmetrical; but the presence of an anatomical difference between the right and left sides may be an indicator of some acquired genetic or congenital pathological condition, so a boundary between what is considered to be a nonperceptible asymmetry and a pathological one must be established.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">7</a> Craniofacial architecture develops thanks to the interaction between the different bone structures that compose it, which will be modulated by the role of the organs they harbor.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">8</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">9</a> A clear example of this is how some asymmetries in the base of the skull develop due to its relationship with neural structures such as the brain;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">7</a> Serjsen et al. (1997),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">10</a> found that growth of the base of the skull between 4 and 5 years of age is more intense and decreases with age until growth finishes.Embryologically neural crest cells (NCC), considered specific migratory cells, whose origin is located in the dorsal part of the neural tube during development, subsequent to their induction, they de-laminate and migrate to different regions of the embryo, where they differentiate into a wide range of cell types, including peripheral neurons, enteric cells, melanocytes and smooth muscle, among others.In the cranial region,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> they contribute in large part to the formation of cartilage and bone. Facial NCC cooperate extensively in the development of the skeleton of the frontonasal and membranous bones of the skull, while more posterior cranial NCC fill the pharyngeal arches where they form the jaw, the middle ear, the hyoid bone and cartilage.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a>Although the initial patterns of segmentation and migration of NCC are fairly preserved among species, the great diversity of craniofacial morphology in vertebrates indicates that cranial subpopulations of NCC are able to generate specific skeletal structures during the complex interaction that occurs between their intrinsic genetic program and extrinsic environmental signals that they may be exposed to during craniofacial morphogenesis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a>Because of this, birth defects are associated with craniofacial malformations. It is increasingly evident that these anomalies may be attributed to defects in the generation, proliferation, migration and differentiation of NCC produced by alterations in the regulation of genes that are crucial for shaping the neural cranial crest by altering the signaling pathways that regulate tissue interactions during development.On the other hand, alterations of the middle third compromise the mandibular fossa or glenoid fossa, considered as a structural component of bone in the connection of the mandible to the skull, forming the most active functional craniofacial complex: the temporomandibular joint. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">12</a> However, information reported in the literature on the importance of the position of the glenoid fossa and its interrelationship with facial structures in the development of some type of malocclusion is very limited.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">13</a>It has been suggested that the spatial correlation between anatomical structures might determine craniofacial conformation,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">14</a> which proposes that the type of articulation that exists between the temporal, occipital and parietal bones is a reflection of forces generated during chewing that are distributed through the skull. This indicates that the mandible and the temporal bones affect their position and movement on a reciprocal basis behaving as a unit.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065">13–15</a>Changes in the position of the glenoid fossa during growth may influence the development of a malocclusion and a facial asymmetry as an expression of the morphological and functional alteration; likewise, the position of the glenoid cavity may be determined by the role of the mandibular condyle as well as by dental position occlusion as a possible modulator of the continuous remodeling of the morphology of the joint.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">16–18</a>The most common types of facial asymmetry are those that affect the lower third of the face and the occlusion. They are characterized by changes in the three planes of space with or without lateral deviation of the chin. According to their etiology and time of evolution, they may be considered mild, moderate, or severe.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a>Among the possible causes there are:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005">1.Unilateral condylar hyperplasia.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010">2.Asymmetric mandibular prognathism.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015">3.Laterognathia (chronic or congenital muscular torticollis).</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020">4.Functional laterognathia.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025">5.Craniofacial syndromes (hemifacial microsomia, craniosynostosis, facial clefts among others).</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030">6.Facial trauma (fracture).</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035">7.Infections (otitis media, varicella zoster virus).</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040">8.Tumors (chondroblastoma).</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045">9.Condylar hypoplasia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a></li></ul>Etiology may involve genetic factors (congenital malformations, hemifacial microsomia, hemifacial atrophy, degenerative diseases of the TMJ), environmental factors (prenatal and postnatal trauma, infections, deficiencies in the blood supply and hypervascularity as well as neurotrophic disturbances), functional factors (occlusal interferences and habits), tumor factors (osteoma, osteochondroma, chondroma) and hormonal factors (endocrine disorders, somatomedin, growth factors) and hereditary.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">20</a>Unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) is a self-limiting pathological condition that generates severe facial deformity at the expense of mandibular asymmetries. It is characterized by the excessive and progressive growth of the condyle and may compromise mandibular neck, ramus and body unilaterally and may be accompanied by pain, alteration of the occlusion and joint dysfunction with aesthetic and functional implications.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">20</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">21</a>It is commonly found in patients between the ages of 10 and 25 years in its active form and, after this age, it is found in its inactive form, more like the clinical sequel left by the disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">20</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">22</a>A greater prevalence in the female gender has been reported,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115">23–28</a> although some authors affirm that there is no predilection for sex, race or side.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">26</a> Other studies have reported an increased incidence of UCH in the condyle on the right side with a percentage of 57% compared to the condyle of the left hand side with a 43%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">20</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">24</a>The pathology may be manifested in three ways: hemimandibular hyperplasia (HH), hemimandibular elongation (HE), and a hybrid form between these two types,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">26</a> each with different clinical and radiographic characteristics. The prevalence rate between HE and the HH is 15:1.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">22</a>HH is characterized by a three-dimensional enlargement of one side of the face, with an excessive growth in the condylar head; the height of the ramus is increased creating a unilateral vertical elongation where the mandibular angle on the affected side descends, alveolar supra-eruption occurs with an inclination of the upper maxilla and of the occlusal plane as a compensating effect.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> An ipsilateral open bite may be found or a over-eruption of the maxillary teeth in search of achieving occlusal contact; there is very little deviation of the chin and asymmetry with a decline of the commissure of the affected side is present.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">22</a>A condylar head with few changes in its anatomy, but with an elongated and thinned neck characterizes HE; there are no significant changes in the size of the mandibular ramus, but there is inclination of the maxillary plane with the subsequent inclination of the occlusal and commissural plane. There is also deviation of the chin towards the contralateral side and intraorally, the midline deviates towards the unaffected side, negative torque is observed in the contralateral lower posterior teeth, the occlusion is presented with contralateral crossbite while the affected side generates mesial displacement (class III malocclusion of Angle) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">26</a><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>In type III or hybrid form the HE and HH are developed on the same side, all the characteristics are combined, with descent of the lower edge of the mandible of the affected side and evident deviation of the midline towards the contralateral side. There is also a marked inclination of the maxillary and occlusal plane.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">27</a>Early diagnosis is important because treatment modalities differ considerably, according to the affected structures, the age of the patient, the severity of the asymmetry and the active or inactive state of the pathology.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">20</a>Within treatment, it is important to define whether the growth center is eliminated in cases in which active condylar hyperplasia is demonstrated, or, on the contrary, to treat the sequelae with orthognathic surgery and/or orthodontic dentoalveolar compensation when the pathology is inactive.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">21</a>The aim of this report is to establish the differences in the evaluation of imaging and clinical tests; necessary for the differential diagnosis between hemimandibular elongation, which is the most common form of condylar hyperplasia and glenoid cavity asymmetry that is located within the asymmetries of the upper and middle facial third presenting features of mandibular lateral deviation that compromise the lower third of the face well as the HE does (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figures 2</a>and<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">3</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia>The abovementioned supposes a new classification of facial asymmetries where asymmetry of the glenoid cavity (ACG), is present within the structural and functional asymmetries that compromise the three facial thirds. The upper third because the roof of the glenoid cavity is part of the floor of the cranial vault, the middle third because it compromises the temporomandibular joint and the lower third because it functionally affects condylar position, triggering mandibular lateral deviation with joint overload in the affected side.CASE REPORTPatient of 11 years of age, female gender, mestizo ethnic group; who attends a private practice of orthodontics with the purpose of consultation «I see my face and my bite deviated to one side».There is no relevant medical, allergic and/or surgical history. Only preventive dental treatments have been performed on her. She does not report habits, but at the muscular level the patient was diagnosed with upper crossed syndrome (UCS) characterized by contraction in the pectoral muscles, trapezius, levator scapula and suboccipitals, and inhibition of the intercapsular and deep flexors.Facial analysisMandibular laterodeviation to the left (mandibular levognatism), asymmetry in the height of the eyebrows and ear implantation, inclination of the occlusal plane and commissural asymmetry, convex profile, oblique forehead, deep mentolabial sulcus, obtuse nasolabial angle, increased lower anterior facial height and postural asymmetry (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Figure 4</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia>Cephalometric analysisDolichofacial biotype, clockwise mandibular rotation, mild microgenia, mild proclination of lower incisiors (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Figure 5</a>and<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table I</a>). In the longitudinal analysis of the right and left mandibular anatomy of the panoramic X-ray, no significant differences that induce facial asymmetry were observed (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030">Figure 6</a>and<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table II</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0030"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>CBCT analysisIn the sagittal section, condyles and mandibular ramus were observed with discrepancy in measurements of less than 1.5 mm (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0035">Figures 7</a>and<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0040">8</a>). In the same cut, similar intra-articular space measurements were observed (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0045">Figures 9</a>and<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0050">10</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0035"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0040"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0045"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0050"></elsevierMultimedia>In the tomographic transaxial section, the left mandibular condyle is located sagittally in a more anterior position in relation to the right condyle, showing that the alteration of the glenoid cavity is not only in height, but in three dimensions (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0055">Figure 11</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0055"></elsevierMultimedia>In the coronal section, taking the sella point as anatomical reference, a severe discrepancy is observed between the position of the right glenoid cavity in relation to the left, which is located higher, evidencing the asymmetry of the upper third of the face (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0060">Figure 12</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0060"></elsevierMultimedia>In the images obtained with frontal 3D reconstruction of bone tissues, it is observed that the asymmetry involves structures of the upper, middle and lower third, affecting the position of the orbits, superciliary arch, malar bone, height of the glenoid cavity, external auditory meatus and condyle position (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0065">Figure 13</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0065"></elsevierMultimedia>In the left sagittal 3D reconstruction image, a higher position of the left auditory meatus is observed as well as double mandibular bodies product of the mandibular rotation caused by the higher projection of the left condyle inside the glenoid cavity (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0070">Figures 14 and 15</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0070"></elsevierMultimedia>In 3D reconstruction of soft tissues, it is observed a mandibular levognatism compatible with the asymmetry of the middle and upper third that compromises the height of the glenoid cavity (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0075">Figures 16</a>and<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0080">17</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0075"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0080"></elsevierMultimedia>DISCUSSIONThe present case shows how AGC along with its anatomical and structural features compromises the middle facial third producing mandibular lateral deviation and compensations in soft tissues as it occurs with UCH; however UCH a differential diagnosis must be established with other diseases that cause facial asymmetry, such as hemifacial microsomia, hemifacial atrophy, ankylosis, neoplasms, bone tumors, unilateral macrognathism, laterognathia, asymmetric mandibular prognathism and degenerative diseases of the TMJ.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">20</a> Although Wolford<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">21</a> in his most recent classification includes benign and malignant bone tumors as a type of hyperplasia, being a condition that produces excessive growth and elongation of the condyle causing alterations in the bone architecture of the jaw, unlike congenital deformities and endocrine conditions that cause lengthening of the jaw but not as a direct result of the lengthening of the mandibular condyle.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">22</a> To this list of alterations that constitute the differential diagnosis of UCH, GCA, which involves the union of the upper third with the middle third of the face with a prevalence of 5 and 36% within the facial asymmetries respectively, should be added.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">6</a>Differential diagnosis between these two entities must include their etiological and histological factor as well as pathogenicity of the alteration, age of onset, the ability to produce alterations in time, their extraoral and intraoral clinical characteristics, their imaging characteristics, their results in Nuclear medicine tests and treatment modalities.HE, which occurs 60% more in women, occurs in adolescence and the pathological process begins generally during the pubertal growth phase, suggesting a hormonal etiology. There is an exaggerated and disproportionate growth of the condyle, developing a progressive facial asymmetry that, due to its self-limiting characteristics, could be active until growth ceases or even continue after it has ended, increasing more and more the sequelae in the three planes of the space.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">21</a> While the GCA, product either of defects in the generation, proliferation, migration and differentiation of cranial NCC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> or the modeling of craniofacial architecture from the function of the cerebral organs,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035">7–9</a> in the first years of life, where the base of the skull is almost completely formed between 4 to 5 years of age<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">10</a> as well as brain size.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">28</a> Therefore, its first signs appear in childhood without a progressive characteristic, but with adaptations and dental and soft tissues compensations that are produced as growth occurs.From the histopathological point of view, condylar hyperplasia is divided into active and passive (stable situation in which disproportionate growth has ceased). The active state of UCH is characterized by the presence of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and a layer of hypertrophic cartilage with the presence of chondrocyte islands whose calcification rate appears to be above the normal ranges.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">29</a>A characteristic feature of hyperplastic condyles is the distribution of cartilage that rests in the subchondral spongy area and the increase in the thickness of the layers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">20</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">23</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">30</a> However, Saridin (2010) <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">31</a> and Vásquez (2016) <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">32</a> performed a histological analysis of a sample of patients with CH, finding histological differences in condylar architecture, size and definition of the layers,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">31</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">32</a> number of islands of cartilage,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">31</a> types of collagen fibers involved,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">32</a> and the presence of greater or lesser cellularity;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> highlighting the great variability in the histological presentation of UCH.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">31</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">32</a> The latter produces alterations in cell growth, extracellular matrix production and endochondral ossification for UCH, while for GCA, the alteration is structural in the anatomy of the fossa without changes in the mandibular condyle beyond adaptive variations, product of asymmetric joint mechanics.Extraoral and intraoral clinical features in both HE and AGC include mandibular lateral deviation with chin displacement, maxillary plane cant, occlusal plane cant, and commissural asymmetry. Dental manifestations may include cross-bite to the contralateral side of the HE or on the side of the AGC; while the ipsilateral class III malocclusion of Angle may be evident in HE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">12</a> or in the opposite side to the alteration in the AGC.It is also important to know all those anomalies of the stomatognathic system that develop in the masticatory muscles, the cranial cervical muscle chain, the ligaments and the temporomandibular joint per se; since these have a direct impact on both posture and postural control. Additionally it has been proposed that alterations produced in the trigeminal afferent nerves could cause an imbalance of the postural chains in the body and affect muscle groups such as the suboccipital and submandibular ones causing compensatory changes in the position of the head, neck and shoulders such as associated cervical hyperlordosis, and thoraxic hypersifosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">33</a> As described in this case, the patient was diagnosed with an upper crossed syndrome (UCS), which is characterized by a chain-muscle reaction due to the postural imbalance where some muscles shorten and contract, while others are relaxed and inhibited.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">33</a>The diagnosis of HD should be made from a correct and meticulous correlation between extraoral clinical characteristics with intraoral and radiographic and/ or tomographic findings. Therefore, in addition to the aforementioned, it is necessary to find anatomical differences in the size, length and anatomy of the condylar neck in two-dimensional images such as panoramic radiographs to correlate them with clinical findings. In this case it was shown that there are no differences in the length or size of the mandibular ramus or condyles that justify the asymmetry. On the contrary, it was necessary to perform a 3D reconstruction tomography that showed differences in the height of the glenoid cavities, as well as a three-dimensional remodeling of the fossa sagittally projecting the left condyle forward. Likewise, the height of the supraorbital arch is greater on the left side as well, such as the malar bone and the position of the external auditory meatus (orbiculo-malar-meatal and articular asymmetry).Regarding the information provided by SPECT type Bone Scintigraphy, in the case of HE, it is expected that the increased osteoblastic activity in the affected condyle is reflected in the amount of radiopharmaceutical absorption, which for cases of active hyperplasia, shows percentages of absorption equal to or above 55% with respect to the contralateral condyle. Therefore, percentage differences of 10% or more are indicative of active CH. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">27</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">34</a> In this case, the SPECT-type bone scan showed only 4% differences between condyles with a 52% uptake in the left condyle. These results are within the absorption ranges in healthy condyles that would indicate hyper-uptake, but not hyperplasia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">29</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">34</a> Therefore, in the case of AGC, the scintigraphy is negative.Finally, the differences in treatment are related to stopping the active state of the pathology in the case of HE through high condylectomy, in which the condylar articular portion where the growing cartilage is found is surgically removed; or with a low or proportional condylectomy where the total size of the mandibular ramus is normalized to correct the asymmetry.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">35</a> In both cases a second surgical procedure or orthodontic correction or compensation of the asymmetry may be needed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">36</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">37</a>In the case of the AGC there is no corrective treatment of the alteration, only asymmetry compensation procedures. Orthodontic, orthodonticsurgical treatment and physiotherapy are indicated.CONCLUSIONSAsymmetry of the glenoid cavity, as well as asymmetric mandibular prognathism and the functional laterognasia, should be considered among the differential diagnoses for hemimandibular elongation, which is the most common form of condylar hyperplasia. The affliction of the upper, middle and lower thirds of the craniofacial structures means that its diagnosis is based fundamentally on 3D tomographic reconstruction." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres976416" "titulo" => "ABSTRACT" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec946085" "titulo" => "Key words" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres976415" "titulo" => "RESUMEN" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec946086" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "INTRODUCTION" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "CASE REPORT" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Facial analysis" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Cephalometric analysis" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "CBCT analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "DISCUSSION" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "CONCLUSIONS" ] 8 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec946085" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Facial asymmetry" 1 => "glenoid cavity" 2 => "condylar hyperplasia" 3 => "hemimandibular elongation" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec946086" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Asimetría facial" 1 => "cavidad glenoidea" 2 => "hiperplasia condilar" 3 => "elongación hemimandibular" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "ABSTRACT" "resumen" => "Facial asymmetry is one of the main findings during clinical practice with a prevalence between 21-85%; this causes both functional and aesthetic problems, and is manifested by an inconsistency in size, shape, or position of craniofacial structures on both sides of the mid-sagittal plane. Its etiology is attributed to hereditary and/ or environmental factors that may be expressed during the fetal, childhood and/or pubertal stage, including unilateral condylar hyperactivity, functional disharmony of the masticatory muscles, dominance of one cerebral hemisphere, plagiocephaly, unilateral craniosynostosis, among others. The time of evolution prior to its detection contributes to the level of expression of the asymmetry. By means of a literature review, the proposal of a differential diagram and the presentation of a case report which includes facial analysis, cephalometric analysis, 3D tomographic reconstruction and findings of nuclear medicine, differential diagrams are suggested as well as a new classification of facial asymmetry. The differential diagnosis between asymmetry of the glenoid fossa and hemimandibular elongation is established, which requires a careful correlation of clinical findings and imaging tests, since both have similar clinical characteristics, but differ in their therapeutic approach." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "RESUMEN" "resumen" => "La asimetría facial es uno de los principales hallazgos durante la práctica clínica con una prevalencia entre el 21-85%; ésta causa problemas tanto funcionales como estéticos, y se manifiesta por la inconsistencia en tamaño, forma o disposición de las estructuras craneofaciales en ambos lados del plano medio sagital. Su etiología se atribuye a factores hereditarios y/o ambientales que se pueden expresar durante el periodo fetal, infantil y/o puberal, incluyendo la hiperactividad condilar unilateral, desarmonía funcional de los músculos de la masticación, dominancia de algún hemisferio cerebral, plagiocefalia, craneosinostosis unilateral, entre otros. Donde el tiempo de evolución previo a su detección contribuye con el nivel de expresión de la asimetría. Por medio de la revisión de literatura, la propuesta de un diagrama diferencial y la presentación de un caso clínico que incluye análisis facial, análisis cefalométrico, reconstrucción tomográfica 3D y hallazgos de medicina nuclear. Se sugieren diagramas diferenciales y una nueva clasificación de asimetría facial. Estableciendo el diagnóstico diferencial entre asimetría de la fosa glenoidea y elongación hemimandibular, que exige una cuidadosa correlación de los hallazgos clínicos e imagenológicos, ya que ambos presentan características clínicas similares, pero difieren en su enfoque terapéutico." ] ] "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "This article can be read in its full version in the following page: http://www.medigraphic.com/ortodoncia" ] 1 => array:3 [ "etiqueta" => "1" "nota" => "Odontology School. Universidad del Valle Cali, Colombia." "identificador" => "fn1" ] ] "multimedia" => array:18 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 825 "Ancho" => 804 "Tamanyo" => 89870 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Dynamics of the mandibular lateral deviation characteristic in hemimandibular elongation cases." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 659 "Ancho" => 1003 "Tamanyo" => 44857 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Schematization of hemimandibular elongation, where the changes in anatomy and length of the condylar neck are observed as well as the subsequent mandibular lateral deviation towards the contralateral side." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 684 "Ancho" => 971 "Tamanyo" => 45252 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Schematization of the anomaly in the height of the glenoid cavity where a lateral deviation of the mandible towards the affected side may be observed, without changes in the anatomy of the condylar head or neck, nor in the height of the mandibular ramus." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 598 "Ancho" => 1504 "Tamanyo" => 69062 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Facial photgraphs. Postural asymmetry is evident." ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0025" "etiqueta" => "Figure 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg" "Alto" => 849 "Ancho" => 565 "Tamanyo" => 45922 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Lateral head film." ] ] 5 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0030" "etiqueta" => "Figure 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr6.jpeg" "Alto" => 497 "Ancho" => 892 "Tamanyo" => 46151 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Panoramic radiograph." ] ] 6 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0035" "etiqueta" => "Figure 7" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr7.jpeg" "Alto" => 766 "Ancho" => 813 "Tamanyo" => 57798 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Right sagittal section, mandibular ramus 27.9 mm, condyle 21.3 mm." ] ] 7 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0040" "etiqueta" => "Figure 8" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr8.jpeg" "Alto" => 713 "Ancho" => 817 "Tamanyo" => 54344 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Left sagittal section, mandibular ramus 28.7 mm, condyle 20.1 mm." ] ] 8 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0045" "etiqueta" => "Figure 9" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr9.jpeg" "Alto" => 613 "Ancho" => 843 "Tamanyo" => 50035 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Intrarticular measurements right sagittal section: anterior 2.12 mm, upper 1.60 mm, posterior space 3.25 mm." ] ] 9 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0050" "etiqueta" => "Figure 10" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr10.jpeg" "Alto" => 654 "Ancho" => 843 "Tamanyo" => 50678 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Intrarticular measurements left sagittal section: anterior 2.17 mm, upper 1.99 mm, posterior space 2.16 mm. There are no significant differences." ] ] 10 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0055" "etiqueta" => "Figure 11" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr11.jpeg" "Alto" => 901 "Ancho" => 735 "Tamanyo" => 79453 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Transaxial section." ] ] 11 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0060" "etiqueta" => "Figure 12" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr12.jpeg" "Alto" => 748 "Ancho" => 783 "Tamanyo" => 53032 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Coronal section." ] ] 12 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0065" "etiqueta" => "Figure 13" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr13.jpeg" "Alto" => 805 "Ancho" => 842 "Tamanyo" => 88777 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "3D reconstruction, hard tissues." ] ] 13 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0070" "etiqueta" => "Figures 14 and 15" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr14.jpeg" "Alto" => 692 "Ancho" => 712 "Tamanyo" => 96551 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "3D reconstruction of bony tissues, right and left saggital section." ] ] 14 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0075" "etiqueta" => "Figure 16" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr15.jpeg" "Alto" => 692 "Ancho" => 751 "Tamanyo" => 98650 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "3D Reconstruction of the soft tissues." ] ] 15 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0080" "etiqueta" => "Figure 17" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr16.jpeg" "Alto" => 705 "Ancho" => 771 "Tamanyo" => 109281 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Negative SPECT for left condylar hyperplasia. The radiotracer absorption is similar between both condyles, generating only a difference of 4% in favor of the left condyle, which is within the parameters of normality and suggests a higher uptake possibly by the altered joint mechanics in the left condyle, but not a hyperplasia." ] ] 16 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table I" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Norm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SNA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">82 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">81 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SNB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">77.7 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">77.5 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ANB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">3.7 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.5 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FH/N-A \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">90 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">90 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FH- N-Pog \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">90 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">86 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ANS-PNS/GO-GN \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">25 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">32 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ar-Go-Me \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">130 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">132 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Upper incisor \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">110 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">112 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">palatal plane IMPA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">90 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">95 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">S-N/Go-Gn \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">34.2 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">36 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">N-S-Ar \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">122 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">112 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ANS-Me \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">60 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">S-Go/Na-Me \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">60% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1653602.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Cephalometric values." ] ] 17 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table II" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table I" "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Right \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Left \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Difference \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Condylar size \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">19 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">18 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">1 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ramus height \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">38 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">39 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">1 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Corpus length \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">89 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">90 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">1 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mandibular size \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">126 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">128 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">2 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Goniac Angle \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">128 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">129 o \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">1¿ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1653601.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Thilander analysis." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:37 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Morphologic evaluation and classification of facial asymmetry using 3-dimensional computed tomography" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "C. Baek" 1 => "J.Y. Paeng" 2 => "J.S. Lee" 3 => "J. Hong" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.joms.2011.02.135" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Oral Maxillofac Surg." "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "70" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "1161" "paginaFinal" => "1169" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21763045" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Asymmetry of the sphenoid bone and its suitability as a reference for analyzing craniofacial asymmetry" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "Y.H. Kim" 1 => "K. Sato" 2 => "H. Mitani" 3 => "Y. Shimizu" 4 => "M. Kikuchi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0889540603007716" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop." "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "124" "numero" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "656" "paginaFinal" => "662" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14666078" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Morphologic relationship between the cranial base and the mandible in patients with facial asymmetry and mandibular prognathism" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S.J. Kim" 1 => "K.J. Lee" 2 => "S.H. Lee" 3 => "H.S. Baik" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.03.024" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop." "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "144" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "330" "paginaFinal" => "340" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23992805" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Artificial deformation and cranio-facial asymmetry in ancient Peruvians" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A. Bjoerk" 1 => "L. Bjoerk" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Dent Res." "fecha" => "1964" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "353" "paginaFinal" => "362" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14159038" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Chromosomal and multifactorial genetic disorders with oral manifestations" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S. Patil" 1 => "R.S. Rao" 2 => "B. Majumdar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Int Oral Health." "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "6" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "118" "paginaFinal" => "125" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395808" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The prevalence of facial asymmetry in the dentofacial deformities population at the University of North Carolina" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "T.R. Severt" 1 => "W.R. Proffit" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg." "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "12" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "171" "paginaFinal" => "176" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9511487" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Asymmetry of human skull base during growth" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "P.P. Russo" 1 => "R.L. Smith" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Morphol." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "29" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "1028" "paginaFinal" => "1032" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of the position of the mandibular fossa using 3D CBCT indifferent skeletal frames in human caucasic skulls" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Basili" 1 => "H.N. Costa" 2 => "K. Sasaguri" 3 => "S. Akimoto" 4 => "R. Slavicek" 5 => "S. Sato" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Stomatol Occl Med." "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "179" "paginaFinal" => "190" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The dynamic functional anatomy of craniofacial complex and its relation to the articulation of the dentitions" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S. Sato" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The masticatory organ: functions and dysfunctions." "serieFecha" => "2002" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Growth in the external cranial base evaluated on human dry skulls, using nerve canal openings as references" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "B. Sejrsen" 1 => "J. Jakobsen" 2 => "L.T. Skovgaard" 3 => "I. Kjaer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Odontol Scand." "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "55" "numero" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "356" "paginaFinal" => "364" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9477028" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Molecular mechanisms of cranial neural crest cell migration and patterning in craniofacial development" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M. Minoux" 1 => "F.M. Rijli" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1242/dev.040048" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Development." "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "137" "numero" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "2605" "paginaFinal" => "2621" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20663816" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A new orthodontic approach to mandibular lateral displacement malocclusion-importance of occlusal plane reconstruction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "S. Sato" 1 => "K. Takamoto" 2 => "K. Fushima" 3 => "S. Akimoto" 4 => "Y. Suzuki" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Dent Jpn." "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "26" "paginaInicial" => "81" "paginaFinal" => "85" ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The influence of functional appliance therapy on glenoid fossa remodeling" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "D.G. Woodside" 1 => "A. Metaxas" 2 => "G. Altuna" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop." "fecha" => "1987" "volumen" => "92" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "181" "paginaFinal" => "198" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3477085" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The shape of the glenoid fossa affects the growth of the mandible" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "T. Kantomaa" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Orthod." "fecha" => "1988" "volumen" => "10" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "249" "paginaFinal" => "254" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3181305" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A treatment approach to malocclusion under the consideration of craniofacial dynamics" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S. Sato" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "2001" "editorial" => "Meaw Publishing House" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Makati, Philippines" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Changes in articular eminence morphology with dental function" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "R.J. Hinton" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/ajpa.1330540402" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Phys Anthropol." "fecha" => "1981" "volumen" => "54" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "439" "paginaFinal" => "455" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7234989" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Location of the glenoid fossa after a period of unilateral masticatory function in young rabbits" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A. Poikela" 1 => "P. Pirttiniemi" 2 => "T. Kantomaa" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Orthod." "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "22" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "105" "paginaFinal" => "112" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10822883" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Experimentally created nonbalanced occlusion effects on the thickness of the temporomandibular joint disc in rats" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L. Sun" 1 => "M. Wang" 2 => "J. He" 3 => "L. Liu" 4 => "S. Chen" 5 => "S.E. Widmalm" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2319/091907-450.1" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Angle Orthod." "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "79" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "51" "paginaFinal" => "53" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19123706" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Perspectives on craniofacial asymmetryIII. Common and/or well-known causes of asymmetry" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.M. Cohen Jr." ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg." "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "24" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "127" "paginaFinal" => "133" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7608575" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Hiperplasia condilar: características, manifestaciones, diagnóstico y tratamiento" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "B.D. López" 1 => "S.C. Corral" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Revisión de tema. Rev Fac Odontol Univ Antioq." "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "26" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "425" "paginaFinal" => "446" ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A classification system for conditions causing condylar hyperplasia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L.M. Wolford" 1 => "R. Movahed" 2 => "D.E. Perez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.joms.2013.09.002" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Oral Maxillofac Surg." "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "72" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "567" "paginaFinal" => "595" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24388179" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The clinical characteristics of condylar hyperplasia: experience with 61 patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "D.W. Nitzan" 1 => "A. Katsnelson" 2 => "I. Bermanis" 3 => "I. Brin" 4 => "N. Casap" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.joms.2007.08.046" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Oral Maxillofac Surg." "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "66" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "312" "paginaFinal" => "318" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18201615" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Manejo interdisciplinario de la hiperplasia condilar" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.A. Anaya-Flórez" 1 => "N. Molina-Martínez" 2 => "C.E. Rueda" 3 => "R. Morales-Latorre" 4 => "R.E. García-Rey" 5 => "X. Martínez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Revista Ortousta." "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "7" "paginaFinal" => "20" ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Histopathologic comparison of normal and hyperplastic condyles" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "B. Eslami" 1 => "H. Behnia" 2 => "H. Javadi" 3 => "K.S. Khiabani" 4 => "A.S. Saffar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S1079210403003792" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod." "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "96" "numero" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "711" "paginaFinal" => "717" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14676762" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Condylar hyperplasia: correlation between clinical, radiological, scintigraphic, and histologic features" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Elbaz" 1 => "A. Wiss" 2 => "G. Raoul" 3 => "X. Leroy" 4 => "C. Hossein-Foucher" 5 => "J. Ferri" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/SCS.0000000000000555" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Craniofac Surg." "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "25" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "1085" "paginaFinal" => "1090" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24705237" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Hyperplasia of the mandibular condyle. A historical review of important early cases with a presentation and analysis of twelve patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.E. Norman" 1 => "D.M. Painter" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Maxillofac Surg." "fecha" => "1980" "volumen" => "8" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "161" "paginaFinal" => "175" ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Hemimandibular hyperplasia-hemimandibular elongation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "H.L. Obwegeser" 1 => "M.S. Makek" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Maxillofac Surg." "fecha" => "1986" "volumen" => "14" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "183" "paginaFinal" => "208" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3461097" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of planar bone scintigraphy and single photon emission computed tomography for diagnosis of active condylar hyperplasia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "D.F. López" 1 => "C.M. Corral" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jcms.2015.10.026" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Craniomaxillofac Surg." "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "44" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "70" "paginaFinal" => "74" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26625976" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "29" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Trajectories of cortical surface area and cortical volume maturation in normal brain development" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Ducharme" 1 => "M.D. Albaugh" 2 => "T.V. Nguyen" 3 => "J.J. Hudziak" 4 => "J.M. Mateos-Pérez" 5 => "A. Labbe" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.dib.2015.10.044" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Data Brief." "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "929" "paginaFinal" => "938" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26702424" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "30" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "SPECT bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis and management of mandibular condylar hyperplasia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "S.C. Hodder" 1 => "J.I. Rees" 2 => "T.B. Oliver" 3 => "P.E. Facey" 4 => "A.W. Sugar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1054/bjom.1999.0209" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg." "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "38" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "87" "paginaFinal" => "93" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10864700" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "31" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Unilateral condylar hyperactivity: a histopathologic analysis of 47 patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C.P. Saridin" 1 => "P.G. Raijmakers" 2 => "P.J. Slootweg" 3 => "D.B. Tuinzing" 4 => "A.G. Becking" 5 => "I. van der Waal" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.joms.2009.07.033" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Oral Maxillofac Surg." "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "68" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "47" "paginaFinal" => "53" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20006154" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "32" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Histopathological analysis of unilateral condylar hyperplasia: difficulties in diagnosis and characterization of the disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "B. Vásquez" 1 => "S. Olate" 2 => "M. Cantín" 3 => "C. Sandoval" 4 => "R. Fariña" 5 => "M. Del Sol" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijom.2015.11.023" "Revista" => array:8 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg." "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "45" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "601" "paginaFinal" => "609" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26723497" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673605711466" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "33" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Sistema estomatognático, osteopatía y postura" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A.O. Pascual-Vaca" 1 => "C. Rodríguez-Blanco" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Osteopatía Científica." "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "3" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "88" "paginaFinal" => "90" ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "34" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bone scintigraphy as a diagnostic method in unilateral hyperactivity of the mandibular condyles: a review and meta-analysis of the literature" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "C.P. Saridin" 1 => "P.G. Raijmakers" 2 => "D.B. Tuinzing" 3 => "A.G. Becking" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijom.2010.09.015" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "40" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "11" "paginaFinal" => "17" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20970961" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "35" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Treatment of hemimandibular hyperplasia: the biological basis of condylectomy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "C. Lippold" 1 => "B. Kruse-Losler" 2 => "G. Danesh" 3 => "U. Joos" 4 => "U. Meyer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.bjoms.2006.10.011" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg." "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "45" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "353" "paginaFinal" => "360" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17145124" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 35 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "36" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Use of(99m)Tc-MDP SPECT for assessment of mandibular growth: development of normal values" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "F.H. Fahey" 1 => "Z.R. Abramson" 2 => "B.L. Padwa" 3 => "R.E. Zimmerman" 4 => "D. Zurakowski" 5 => "M. Nissenbaum" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00259-009-1337-0" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging." "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "37" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "1002" "paginaFinal" => "1010" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20033153" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 36 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "37" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Orthodontic treatment after high condylectomy in patients with unilateral condylar hyperplasia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "D.F. Lopez" 1 => "S. Herrera-Guardiola" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Orthod." "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "50" "numero" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "727" "paginaFinal" => "735" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28245434" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/23959215/0000000500000004/v1_201802071836/S2395921518300138/v1_201802071836/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "59223" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original research" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23959215/0000000500000004/v1_201802071836/S2395921518300138/v1_201802071836/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2395921518300138?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

Statistics

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Asimetría de cavidad glenoidea como diagnóstico diferencial de la elongación hemimandibular

Diego Fernando López Buitrago1,

Corresponding author

dr.diegolopez10@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.

, Juliana Ruiz Botero1

Read

7984

Times
was read the article

1458

Total PDF

6526

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:25 [
  "pii" => "S2395921518300138"
  "issn" => "23959215"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmo.2018.01.013"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-10-01"
  "aid" => "211"
  "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Aut&#243;noma de M&#233;xico&#44; Facultad de Odontolog&#237;a"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2017"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia. 2017;5:e217-26"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 1383
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 51
      "HTML" => 1039
      "PDF" => 293
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S239592151830014X"
    "issn" => "23959215"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmo.2018.01.014"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-10-01"
    "aid" => "212"
    "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Aut&#243;noma de M&#233;xico&#44; Facultad de Odontolog&#237;a"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia. 2017;5:e227-32"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 975
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 53
        "HTML" => 639
        "PDF" => 283
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL RESEARCH</span>"
      "titulo" => "Application of therapeutic laser in some orthodontic movements"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "e227"
          "paginaFinal" => "e232"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Aplicaci&#243;n de l&#225;ser terap&#233;utico en algunos movimientos ortod&#243;nticos"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0015"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 948
              "Ancho" => 1002
              "Tamanyo" => 72914
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Means of the estimate measurements of pain as expressed by 10 patients after the second and third month of activation&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Irma Araceli Bel&#237;o Reyes, Aline Boj&#243;rquez Steffani, Lauro Bucio, Juan Manuel Jim&#233;nez, Felipe Peraza Garay"
          "autores" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Irma Araceli"
              "apellidos" => "Bel&#237;o Reyes"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Aline"
              "apellidos" => "Boj&#243;rquez Steffani"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Lauro"
              "apellidos" => "Bucio"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Juan"
              "apellidos" => "Manuel Jim&#233;nez"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Felipe"
              "apellidos" => "Peraza Garay"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S239592151830014X?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/23959215/0000000500000004/v1_201802071836/S239592151830014X/v1_201802071836/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2395921518300126"
    "issn" => "23959215"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmo.2018.01.012"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-10-01"
    "aid" => "210"
    "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Aut&#243;noma de M&#233;xico&#44; Facultad de Odontolog&#237;a"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia. 2017;5:e210-6"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 663
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 43
        "HTML" => 452
        "PDF" => 168
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL RESEARCH</span>"
      "titulo" => "Immunoexpression of transforming growth factor-&#946;3 &#40;TGF-&#946;3&#41; and receptor III of &#946; transforming growth factor &#40;TGF &#946;-RIII&#41; in pediatric patients with complete or incomplete non-syndromic cleft palate"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "e210"
          "paginaFinal" => "e216"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Inmunoexpresi&#243;n del factor de crecimiento transformante &#946;3 &#40;TGF-&#946;3&#41; y del receptor III del factor de crecimiento transformante &#946; &#40;TGF &#946;-RIII&#41; en pacientes pedi&#225;tricos con paladar hendido completo o incompleto no sindrom&#225;tico"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0030"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 6"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr6.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 767
              "Ancho" => 1003
              "Tamanyo" => 58493
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Palatal fissure size &#40;mm&#41;&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Carolina L&#243;pez Gonz&#225;lez, H&#233;ctor Aquiles Maldonado Mart&#237;nez, Salvador Garc&#237;a L&#243;pez, Mar&#237;a del Carmen Rosas Ram&#237;rez, Fernando L&#243;pez Casillas, Araceli P&#233;rez Gonz&#225;lez, Dulce Hayde&#233; Guti&#233;rrez Valdez"
          "autores" => array:7 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Carolina"
              "apellidos" => "L&#243;pez Gonz&#225;lez"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "H&#233;ctor Aquiles"
              "apellidos" => "Maldonado Mart&#237;nez"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Salvador"
              "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a L&#243;pez"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a"
              "apellidos" => "del Carmen Rosas Ram&#237;rez"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Fernando"
              "apellidos" => "L&#243;pez Casillas"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Araceli"
              "apellidos" => "P&#233;rez Gonz&#225;lez"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Dulce Hayde&#233;"
              "apellidos" => "Guti&#233;rrez Valdez"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2395921518300126?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/23959215/0000000500000004/v1_201802071836/S2395921518300126/v1_201802071836/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "asociados" => array:1 [
    0 => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S2395921518300047"
      "issn" => "23959215"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmo.2018.01.004"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-10-01"
      "aid" => "202"
      "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Aut&#243;noma de M&#233;xico&#44; Facultad de Odontolog&#237;a"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 0
      "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia. 2017;5:221-30"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 2229
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 48
          "HTML" => 1791
          "PDF" => 390
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:13 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">TRABAJO ORIGINAL</span>"
        "titulo" => "Asimetr&#237;a de cavidad glenoidea como diagn&#243;stico diferencial de la elongaci&#243;n hemimandibular"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "221"
            "paginaFinal" => "230"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Asymmetry of glenoid fossa as differential diagnosis for hemimandibular elongation"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0050"
            "etiqueta" => "Figura 10"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr10.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 654
                "Ancho" => 843
                "Tamanyo" => 50678
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Medidas intraarticulares corte sagital izquierdo espacio anterior 2&#46;17 mm&#44; superior 1&#46;99 mm&#44; posterior de 2&#46;16 mm&#46; No hay diferencias significativas&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Diego Fernando L&#243;pez Buitrago, Juliana Ruiz Botero"
            "autores" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Diego Fernando"
                "apellidos" => "L&#243;pez Buitrago"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Juliana"
                "apellidos" => "Ruiz Botero"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2395921518300047?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/23959215/0000000500000004/v1_201802071836/S2395921518300047/v1_201802071836/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "en" => array:18 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL RESEARCH</span>"
    "titulo" => "Asymmetry of glenoid fossa as differential diagnosis for hemimandibular elongation"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "e217"
        "paginaFinal" => "e226"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "Diego Fernando L&#243;pez Buitrago, Juliana Ruiz Botero"
        "autores" => array:2 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Diego Fernando"
            "apellidos" => "L&#243;pez Buitrago"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "dr&#46;diegolopez10&#64;gmail&#46;com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
                "identificador" => "fn1"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Juliana"
            "apellidos" => "Ruiz Botero"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "jurubo18&#64;hotmail&#46;com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
                "identificador" => "fn1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Autor para correspondencia&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Asimetr&#237;a de cavidad glenoidea como diagn&#243;stico diferencial de la elongaci&#243;n hemimandibular"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0070"
        "etiqueta" => "Figures 14 and 15"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr14.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 692
            "Ancho" => 712
            "Tamanyo" => 96551
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">3D reconstruction of bony tissues&#44; right and left saggital section&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">INTRODUCTION</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Facial asymmetry is one of the main findings during clinical practice with a prevalence between 21-85&#37;&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> this causes both functional and aesthetic problems<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> and manifests itself by an inconsistency in size&#44; shape or position of craniofacial structures on both sides of the midsagittal plane&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Its etiology is attributed to hereditary and&#47;or environmental factors that may be expressed during the fetal&#44; infantile period&#44; and&#47;or pubertal stage and may include unilateral condylar hyperactivity&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> functional disharmony of the mastication muscles&#44; dominance of one cerebral hemisphere&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> plagiocephaly&#44; unilateral craniosynostosis and other disorders associated with chromosomal genetic and multifactorial anomalies such as 13q deletion&#44; Williams syndrome&#44; among others that have oral manifestations&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Time of evolution prior to its detection contributes to the level of expression of the asymmetry&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In some cases asymmetries may be mild and hardly perceptible&#44; hence they may not require any type of surgical treatment and the facial and skeletal imbalances may be masked through dental compensation&#44; soft tissue compensation or a change head posture&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Severt and Proffit<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> found in a group of patients with facial asymmetry that only 5&#37; of these involved the upper facial third&#59; 36&#37;&#44; the middle third and 75&#37;&#44; the lower third with lateral deviation of the chin&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alterations in the upper facial third involve the development of the skull&#44; which is believed to be apparently symmetrical&#59; but the presence of an anatomical difference between the right and left sides may be an indicator of some acquired genetic or congenital pathological condition&#44; so a boundary between what is considered to be a nonperceptible asymmetry and a pathological one must be established&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Craniofacial architecture develops thanks to the interaction between the different bone structures that compose it&#44; which will be modulated by the role of the organs they harbor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> A clear example of this is how some asymmetries in the base of the skull develop due to its relationship with neural structures such as the brain&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Serjsen et al&#46; &#40;1997&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> found that growth of the base of the skull between 4 and 5 years of age is more intense and decreases with age until growth finishes&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Embryologically neural crest cells &#40;NCC&#41;&#44; considered specific migratory cells&#44; whose origin is located in the dorsal part of the neural tube during development&#44; subsequent to their induction&#44; they de-laminate and migrate to different regions of the embryo&#44; where they differentiate into a wide range of cell types&#44; including peripheral neurons&#44; enteric cells&#44; melanocytes and smooth muscle&#44; among others&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the cranial region&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> they contribute in large part to the formation of cartilage and bone&#46; Facial NCC cooperate extensively in the development of the skeleton of the frontonasal and membranous bones of the skull&#44; while more posterior cranial NCC fill the pharyngeal arches where they form the jaw&#44; the middle ear&#44; the hyoid bone and cartilage&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the initial patterns of segmentation and migration of NCC are fairly preserved among species&#44; the great diversity of craniofacial morphology in vertebrates indicates that cranial subpopulations of NCC are able to generate specific skeletal structures during the complex interaction that occurs between their intrinsic genetic program and extrinsic environmental signals that they may be exposed to during craniofacial morphogenesis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Because of this&#44; birth defects are associated with craniofacial malformations&#46; It is increasingly evident that these anomalies may be attributed to defects in the generation&#44; proliferation&#44; migration and differentiation of NCC produced by alterations in the regulation of genes that are crucial for shaping the neural cranial crest by altering the signaling pathways that regulate tissue interactions during development&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; alterations of the middle third compromise the mandibular fossa or glenoid fossa&#44; considered as a structural component of bone in the connection of the mandible to the skull&#44; forming the most active functional craniofacial complex&#58; the temporomandibular joint&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> However&#44; information reported in the literature on the importance of the position of the glenoid fossa and its interrelationship with facial structures in the development of some type of malocclusion is very limited&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It has been suggested that the spatial correlation between anatomical structures might determine craniofacial conformation&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> which proposes that the type of articulation that exists between the temporal&#44; occipital and parietal bones is a reflection of forces generated during chewing that are distributed through the skull&#46; This indicates that the mandible and the temporal bones affect their position and movement on a reciprocal basis behaving as a unit&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#8211;15</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Changes in the position of the glenoid fossa during growth may influence the development of a malocclusion and a facial asymmetry as an expression of the morphological and functional alteration&#59; likewise&#44; the position of the glenoid cavity may be determined by the role of the mandibular condyle as well as by dental position occlusion as a possible modulator of the continuous remodeling of the morphology of the joint&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#8211;18</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most common types of facial asymmetry are those that affect the lower third of the face and the occlusion&#46; They are characterized by changes in the three planes of space with or without lateral deviation of the chin&#46; According to their etiology and time of evolution&#44; they may be considered mild&#44; moderate&#44; or severe&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the possible causes there are&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Unilateral condylar hyperplasia&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Asymmetric mandibular prognathism&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Laterognathia &#40;chronic or congenital muscular torticollis&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4&#46;</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Functional laterognathia&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">5&#46;</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Craniofacial syndromes &#40;hemifacial microsomia&#44; craniosynostosis&#44; facial clefts among others&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">6&#46;</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Facial trauma &#40;fracture&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">7&#46;</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Infections &#40;otitis media&#44; varicella zoster virus&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">8&#46;</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tumors &#40;chondroblastoma&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">9&#46;</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Condylar hypoplasia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p></li></ul></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Etiology may involve genetic factors &#40;congenital malformations&#44; hemifacial microsomia&#44; hemifacial atrophy&#44; degenerative diseases of the TMJ&#41;&#44; environmental factors &#40;prenatal and postnatal trauma&#44; infections&#44; deficiencies in the blood supply and hypervascularity as well as neurotrophic disturbances&#41;&#44; functional factors &#40;occlusal interferences and habits&#41;&#44; tumor factors &#40;osteoma&#44; osteochondroma&#44; chondroma&#41; and hormonal factors &#40;endocrine disorders&#44; somatomedin&#44; growth factors&#41; and hereditary&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Unilateral condylar hyperplasia &#40;UCH&#41; is a self-limiting pathological condition that generates severe facial deformity at the expense of mandibular asymmetries&#46; It is characterized by the excessive and progressive growth of the condyle and may compromise mandibular neck&#44; ramus and body unilaterally and may be accompanied by pain&#44; alteration of the occlusion and joint dysfunction with aesthetic and functional implications&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is commonly found in patients between the ages of 10 and 25 years in its active form and&#44; after this age&#44; it is found in its inactive form&#44; more like the clinical sequel left by the disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A greater prevalence in the female gender has been reported&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#8211;28</span></a> although some authors affirm that there is no predilection for sex&#44; race or side&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Other studies have reported an increased incidence of UCH in the condyle on the right side with a percentage of 57&#37; compared to the condyle of the left hand side with a 43&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The pathology may be manifested in three ways&#58; hemimandibular hyperplasia &#40;HH&#41;&#44; hemimandibular elongation &#40;HE&#41;&#44; and a hybrid form between these two types&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> each with different clinical and radiographic characteristics&#46; The prevalence rate between HE and the HH is 15&#58;1&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HH is characterized by a three-dimensional enlargement of one side of the face&#44; with an excessive growth in the condylar head&#59; the height of the ramus is increased creating a unilateral vertical elongation where the mandibular angle on the affected side descends&#44; alveolar supra-eruption occurs with an inclination of the upper maxilla and of the occlusal plane as a compensating effect&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> An ipsilateral open bite may be found or a over-eruption of the maxillary teeth in search of achieving occlusal contact&#59; there is very little deviation of the chin and asymmetry with a decline of the commissure of the affected side is present&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A condylar head with few changes in its anatomy&#44; but with an elongated and thinned neck characterizes HE&#59; there are no significant changes in the size of the mandibular ramus&#44; but there is inclination of the maxillary plane with the subsequent inclination of the occlusal and commissural plane&#46; There is also deviation of the chin towards the contralateral side and intraorally&#44; the midline deviates towards the unaffected side&#44; negative torque is observed in the contralateral lower posterior teeth&#44; the occlusion is presented with contralateral crossbite while the affected side generates mesial displacement &#40;class III malocclusion of Angle&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 1</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In type III or hybrid form the HE and HH are developed on the same side&#44; all the characteristics are combined&#44; with descent of the lower edge of the mandible of the affected side and evident deviation of the midline towards the contralateral side&#46; There is also a marked inclination of the maxillary and occlusal plane&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Early diagnosis is important because treatment modalities differ considerably&#44; according to the affected structures&#44; the age of the patient&#44; the severity of the asymmetry and the active or inactive state of the pathology&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Within treatment&#44; it is important to define whether the growth center is eliminated in cases in which active condylar hyperplasia is demonstrated&#44; or&#44; on the contrary&#44; to treat the sequelae with orthognathic surgery and&#47;or orthodontic dentoalveolar compensation when the pathology is inactive&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this report is to establish the differences in the evaluation of imaging and clinical tests&#59; necessary for the differential diagnosis between hemimandibular elongation&#44; which is the most common form of condylar hyperplasia and glenoid cavity asymmetry that is located within the asymmetries of the upper and middle facial third presenting features of mandibular lateral deviation that compromise the lower third of the face well as the HE does <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figures 2</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">and</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The abovementioned supposes a new classification of facial asymmetries where asymmetry of the glenoid cavity &#40;ACG&#41;&#44; is present within the structural and functional asymmetries that compromise the three facial thirds&#46; The upper third because the roof of the glenoid cavity is part of the floor of the cranial vault&#44; the middle third because it compromises the temporomandibular joint and the lower third because it functionally affects condylar position&#44; triggering mandibular lateral deviation with joint overload in the affected side&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">CASE REPORT</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patient of 11 years of age&#44; female gender&#44; mestizo ethnic group&#59; who attends a private practice of orthodontics with the purpose of consultation &#171;I see my face and my bite deviated to one side&#187;&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is no relevant medical&#44; allergic and&#47;or surgical history&#46; Only preventive dental treatments have been performed on her&#46; She does not report habits&#44; but at the muscular level the patient was diagnosed with upper crossed syndrome &#40;UCS&#41; characterized by contraction in the pectoral muscles&#44; trapezius&#44; levator scapula and suboccipitals&#44; and inhibition of the intercapsular and deep flexors&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Facial analysis</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mandibular laterodeviation to the left &#40;mandibular levognatism&#41;&#44; asymmetry in the height of the eyebrows and ear implantation&#44; inclination of the occlusal plane and commissural asymmetry&#44; convex profile&#44; oblique forehead&#44; deep mentolabial sulcus&#44; obtuse nasolabial angle&#44; increased lower anterior facial height and postural asymmetry <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 4</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Cephalometric analysis</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dolichofacial biotype&#44; clockwise mandibular rotation&#44; mild microgenia&#44; mild proclination of lower incisiors <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 5</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">and</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Table I</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#46; In the longitudinal analysis of the right and left mandibular anatomy of the panoramic X-ray&#44; no significant differences that induce facial asymmetry were observed <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 6</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">and</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Table II</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0030"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">CBCT analysis</span><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the sagittal section&#44; condyles and mandibular ramus were observed with discrepancy in measurements of less than 1&#46;5 mm <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0035"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figures 7</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">and</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0040"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">8</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#46; In the same cut&#44; similar intra-articular space measurements were observed <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0045"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figures 9</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">and</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0050"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">10</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0035"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0040"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0045"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0050"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the tomographic transaxial section&#44; the left mandibular condyle is located sagittally in a more anterior position in relation to the right condyle&#44; showing that the alteration of the glenoid cavity is not only in height&#44; but in three dimensions <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0055"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 11</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0055"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the coronal section&#44; taking the sella point as anatomical reference&#44; a severe discrepancy is observed between the position of the right glenoid cavity in relation to the left&#44; which is located higher&#44; evidencing the asymmetry of the upper third of the face <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0060"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 12</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0060"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the images obtained with frontal 3D reconstruction of bone tissues&#44; it is observed that the asymmetry involves structures of the upper&#44; middle and lower third&#44; affecting the position of the orbits&#44; superciliary arch&#44; malar bone&#44; height of the glenoid cavity&#44; external auditory meatus and condyle position <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0065"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 13</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0065"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the left sagittal 3D reconstruction image&#44; a higher position of the left auditory meatus is observed as well as double mandibular bodies product of the mandibular rotation caused by the higher projection of the left condyle inside the glenoid cavity <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0070"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figures 14 and 15</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0070"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 3D reconstruction of soft tissues&#44; it is observed a mandibular levognatism compatible with the asymmetry of the middle and upper third that compromises the height of the glenoid cavity <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0075"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figures 16</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">and</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0080"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">17</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0075"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0080"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">DISCUSSION</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present case shows how AGC along with its anatomical and structural features compromises the middle facial third producing mandibular lateral deviation and compensations in soft tissues as it occurs with UCH&#59; however UCH a differential diagnosis must be established with other diseases that cause facial asymmetry&#44; such as hemifacial microsomia&#44; hemifacial atrophy&#44; ankylosis&#44; neoplasms&#44; bone tumors&#44; unilateral macrognathism&#44; laterognathia&#44; asymmetric mandibular prognathism and degenerative diseases of the TMJ&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Although Wolford<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> in his most recent classification includes benign and malignant bone tumors as a type of hyperplasia&#44; being a condition that produces excessive growth and elongation of the condyle causing alterations in the bone architecture of the jaw&#44; unlike congenital deformities and endocrine conditions that cause lengthening of the jaw but not as a direct result of the lengthening of the mandibular condyle&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> To this list of alterations that constitute the differential diagnosis of UCH&#44; GCA&#44; which involves the union of the upper third with the middle third of the face with a prevalence of 5 and 36&#37; within the facial asymmetries respectively&#44; should be added&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Differential diagnosis between these two entities must include their etiological and histological factor as well as pathogenicity of the alteration&#44; age of onset&#44; the ability to produce alterations in time&#44; their extraoral and intraoral clinical characteristics&#44; their imaging characteristics&#44; their results in Nuclear medicine tests and treatment modalities&#46;</p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HE&#44; which occurs 60&#37; more in women&#44; occurs in adolescence and the pathological process begins generally during the pubertal growth phase&#44; suggesting a hormonal etiology&#46; There is an exaggerated and disproportionate growth of the condyle&#44; developing a progressive facial asymmetry that&#44; due to its self-limiting characteristics&#44; could be active until growth ceases or even continue after it has ended&#44; increasing more and more the sequelae in the three planes of the space&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> While the GCA&#44; product either of defects in the generation&#44; proliferation&#44; migration and differentiation of cranial NCC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> or the modeling of craniofacial architecture from the function of the cerebral organs&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;9</span></a> in the first years of life&#44; where the base of the skull is almost completely formed between 4 to 5 years of age<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> as well as brain size&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> Therefore&#44; its first signs appear in childhood without a progressive characteristic&#44; but with adaptations and dental and soft tissues compensations that are produced as growth occurs&#46;</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From the histopathological point of view&#44; condylar hyperplasia is divided into active and passive &#40;stable situation in which disproportionate growth has ceased&#41;&#46; The active state of UCH is characterized by the presence of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and a layer of hypertrophic cartilage with the presence of chondrocyte islands whose calcification rate appears to be above the normal ranges&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a></p><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A characteristic feature of hyperplastic condyles is the distribution of cartilage that rests in the subchondral spongy area and the increase in the thickness of the layers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> However&#44; Saridin &#40;2010&#41; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> and V&#225;squez &#40;2016&#41; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> performed a histological analysis of a sample of patients with CH&#44; finding histological differences in condylar architecture&#44; size and definition of the layers&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> number of islands of cartilage&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> types of collagen fibers involved&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> and the presence of greater or lesser cellularity&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> highlighting the great variability in the histological presentation of UCH&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> The latter produces alterations in cell growth&#44; extracellular matrix production and endochondral ossification for UCH&#44; while for GCA&#44; the alteration is structural in the anatomy of the fossa without changes in the mandibular condyle beyond adaptive variations&#44; product of asymmetric joint mechanics&#46;</p><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Extraoral and intraoral clinical features in both HE and AGC include mandibular lateral deviation with chin displacement&#44; maxillary plane cant&#44; occlusal plane cant&#44; and commissural asymmetry&#46; Dental manifestations may include cross-bite to the contralateral side of the HE or on the side of the AGC&#59; while the ipsilateral class III malocclusion of Angle may be evident in HE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> or in the opposite side to the alteration in the AGC&#46;</p><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is also important to know all those anomalies of the stomatognathic system that develop in the masticatory muscles&#44; the cranial cervical muscle chain&#44; the ligaments and the temporomandibular joint per se&#59; since these have a direct impact on both posture and postural control&#46; Additionally it has been proposed that alterations produced in the trigeminal afferent nerves could cause an imbalance of the postural chains in the body and affect muscle groups such as the suboccipital and submandibular ones causing compensatory changes in the position of the head&#44; neck and shoulders such as associated cervical hyperlordosis&#44; and thoraxic hypersifosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> As described in this case&#44; the patient was diagnosed with an upper crossed syndrome &#40;UCS&#41;&#44; which is characterized by a chain-muscle reaction due to the postural imbalance where some muscles shorten and contract&#44; while others are relaxed and inhibited&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a></p><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The diagnosis of HD should be made from a correct and meticulous correlation between extraoral clinical characteristics with intraoral and radiographic and&#47; or tomographic findings&#46; Therefore&#44; in addition to the aforementioned&#44; it is necessary to find anatomical differences in the size&#44; length and anatomy of the condylar neck in two-dimensional images such as panoramic radiographs to correlate them with clinical findings&#46; In this case it was shown that there are no differences in the length or size of the mandibular ramus or condyles that justify the asymmetry&#46; On the contrary&#44; it was necessary to perform a 3D reconstruction tomography that showed differences in the height of the glenoid cavities&#44; as well as a three-dimensional remodeling of the fossa sagittally projecting the left condyle forward&#46; Likewise&#44; the height of the supraorbital arch is greater on the left side as well&#44; such as the malar bone and the position of the external auditory meatus &#40;orbiculo-malar-meatal and articular asymmetry&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the information provided by SPECT type Bone Scintigraphy&#44; in the case of HE&#44; it is expected that the increased osteoblastic activity in the affected condyle is reflected in the amount of radiopharmaceutical absorption&#44; which for cases of active hyperplasia&#44; shows percentages of absorption equal to or above 55&#37; with respect to the contralateral condyle&#46; Therefore&#44; percentage differences of 10&#37; or more are indicative of active CH&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> In this case&#44; the SPECT-type bone scan showed only 4&#37; differences between condyles with a 52&#37; uptake in the left condyle&#46; These results are within the absorption ranges in healthy condyles that would indicate hyper-uptake&#44; but not hyperplasia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> Therefore&#44; in the case of AGC&#44; the scintigraphy is negative&#46;</p><p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; the differences in treatment are related to stopping the active state of the pathology in the case of HE through high condylectomy&#44; in which the condylar articular portion where the growing cartilage is found is surgically removed&#59; or with a low or proportional condylectomy where the total size of the mandibular ramus is normalized to correct the asymmetry&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> In both cases a second surgical procedure or orthodontic correction or compensation of the asymmetry may be needed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a></p><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the case of the AGC there is no corrective treatment of the alteration&#44; only asymmetry compensation procedures&#46; Orthodontic&#44; orthodonticsurgical treatment and physiotherapy are indicated&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">CONCLUSIONS</span><p id="par0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Asymmetry of the glenoid cavity&#44; as well as asymmetric mandibular prognathism and the functional laterognasia&#44; should be considered among the differential diagnoses for hemimandibular elongation&#44; which is the most common form of condylar hyperplasia&#46; The affliction of the upper&#44; middle and lower thirds of the craniofacial structures means that its diagnosis is based fundamentally on 3D tomographic reconstruction&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:9 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres976416"
          "titulo" => "ABSTRACT"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec946085"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres976415"
          "titulo" => "RESUMEN"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec946086"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "INTRODUCTION"
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "CASE REPORT"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Facial analysis"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Cephalometric analysis"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "CBCT analysis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "DISCUSSION"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "CONCLUSIONS"
        ]
        8 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "REFERENCES"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec946085"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Facial asymmetry"
            1 => "glenoid cavity"
            2 => "condylar hyperplasia"
            3 => "hemimandibular elongation"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec946086"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Asimetr&#237;a facial"
            1 => "cavidad glenoidea"
            2 => "hiperplasia condilar"
            3 => "elongaci&#243;n hemimandibular"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "ABSTRACT"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Facial asymmetry is one of the main findings during clinical practice with a prevalence between 21-85&#37;&#59; this causes both functional and aesthetic problems&#44; and is manifested by an inconsistency in size&#44; shape&#44; or position of craniofacial structures on both sides of the mid-sagittal plane&#46; Its etiology is attributed to hereditary and&#47; or environmental factors that may be expressed during the fetal&#44; childhood and&#47;or pubertal stage&#44; including unilateral condylar hyperactivity&#44; functional disharmony of the masticatory muscles&#44; dominance of one cerebral hemisphere&#44; plagiocephaly&#44; unilateral craniosynostosis&#44; among others&#46; The time of evolution prior to its detection contributes to the level of expression of the asymmetry&#46; By means of a literature review&#44; the proposal of a differential diagram and the presentation of a case report which includes facial analysis&#44; cephalometric analysis&#44; 3D tomographic reconstruction and findings of nuclear medicine&#44; differential diagrams are suggested as well as a new classification of facial asymmetry&#46; The differential diagnosis between asymmetry of the glenoid fossa and hemimandibular elongation is established&#44; which requires a careful correlation of clinical findings and imaging tests&#44; since both have similar clinical characteristics&#44; but differ in their therapeutic approach&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "RESUMEN"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La asimetr&#237;a facial es uno de los principales hallazgos durante la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica con una prevalencia entre el 21-85&#37;&#59; &#233;sta causa problemas tanto funcionales como est&#233;ticos&#44; y se manifiesta por la inconsistencia en tama&#241;o&#44; forma o disposici&#243;n de las estructuras craneofaciales en ambos lados del plano medio sagital&#46; Su etiolog&#237;a se atribuye a factores hereditarios y&#47;o ambientales que se pueden expresar durante el periodo fetal&#44; infantil y&#47;o puberal&#44; incluyendo la hiperactividad condilar unilateral&#44; desarmon&#237;a funcional de los m&#250;sculos de la masticaci&#243;n&#44; dominancia de alg&#250;n hemisferio cerebral&#44; plagiocefalia&#44; craneosinostosis unilateral&#44; entre otros&#46; Donde el tiempo de evoluci&#243;n previo a su detecci&#243;n contribuye con el nivel de expresi&#243;n de la asimetr&#237;a&#46; Por medio de la revisi&#243;n de literatura&#44; la propuesta de un diagrama diferencial y la presentaci&#243;n de un caso cl&#237;nico que incluye an&#225;lisis facial&#44; an&#225;lisis cefalom&#233;trico&#44; reconstrucci&#243;n tomogr&#225;fica 3D y hallazgos de medicina nuclear&#46; Se sugieren diagramas diferenciales y una nueva clasificaci&#243;n de asimetr&#237;a facial&#46; Estableciendo el diagn&#243;stico diferencial entre asimetr&#237;a de la fosa glenoidea y elongaci&#243;n hemimandibular&#44; que exige una cuidadosa correlaci&#243;n de los hallazgos cl&#237;nicos e imagenol&#243;gicos&#44; ya que ambos presentan caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas similares&#44; pero difieren en su enfoque terap&#233;utico&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:2 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">This article can be read in its full version in the following page&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0005" href="http://www.medigraphic.com/ortodoncia">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;medigraphic&#46;com&#47;ortodoncia</span></p>"
      ]
      1 => array:3 [
        "etiqueta" => "1"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Odontology School&#46; Universidad del Valle Cali&#44; Colombia&#46;</p>"
        "identificador" => "fn1"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:18 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 825
            "Ancho" => 804
            "Tamanyo" => 89870
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dynamics of the mandibular lateral deviation characteristic in hemimandibular elongation cases&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 659
            "Ancho" => 1003
            "Tamanyo" => 44857
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Schematization of hemimandibular elongation&#44; where the changes in anatomy and length of the condylar neck are observed as well as the subsequent mandibular lateral deviation towards the contralateral side&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 684
            "Ancho" => 971
            "Tamanyo" => 45252
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Schematization of the anomaly in the height of the glenoid cavity where a lateral deviation of the mandible towards the affected side may be observed&#44; without changes in the anatomy of the condylar head or neck&#44; nor in the height of the mandibular ramus&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 598
            "Ancho" => 1504
            "Tamanyo" => 69062
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Facial photgraphs&#46; Postural asymmetry is evident&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 849
            "Ancho" => 565
            "Tamanyo" => 45922
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Lateral head film&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0030"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 6"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr6.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 497
            "Ancho" => 892
            "Tamanyo" => 46151
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Panoramic radiograph&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0035"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 7"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr7.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 766
            "Ancho" => 813
            "Tamanyo" => 57798
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Right sagittal section&#44; mandibular ramus 27&#46;9 mm&#44; condyle 21&#46;3 mm&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      7 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0040"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 8"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr8.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 713
            "Ancho" => 817
            "Tamanyo" => 54344
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Left sagittal section&#44; mandibular ramus 28&#46;7 mm&#44; condyle 20&#46;1 mm&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      8 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0045"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 9"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr9.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 613
            "Ancho" => 843
            "Tamanyo" => 50035
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Intrarticular measurements right sagittal section&#58; anterior 2&#46;12 mm&#44; upper 1&#46;60 mm&#44; posterior space 3&#46;25 mm&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      9 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0050"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 10"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr10.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 654
            "Ancho" => 843
            "Tamanyo" => 50678
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Intrarticular measurements left sagittal section&#58; anterior 2&#46;17 mm&#44; upper 1&#46;99 mm&#44; posterior space 2&#46;16 mm&#46; There are no significant differences&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      10 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0055"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 11"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr11.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 901
            "Ancho" => 735
            "Tamanyo" => 79453
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Transaxial section&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      11 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0060"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 12"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr12.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 748
            "Ancho" => 783
            "Tamanyo" => 53032
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Coronal section&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      12 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0065"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 13"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr13.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 805
            "Ancho" => 842
            "Tamanyo" => 88777
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">3D reconstruction&#44; hard tissues&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      13 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0070"
        "etiqueta" => "Figures 14 and 15"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr14.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 692
            "Ancho" => 712
            "Tamanyo" => 96551
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">3D reconstruction of bony tissues&#44; right and left saggital section&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      14 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0075"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 16"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr15.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 692
            "Ancho" => 751
            "Tamanyo" => 98650
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">3D Reconstruction of the soft tissues&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      15 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0080"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 17"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr16.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 705
            "Ancho" => 771
            "Tamanyo" => 109281
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Negative SPECT for left condylar hyperplasia&#46; The radiotracer absorption is similar between both condyles&#44; generating only a difference of 4&#37; in favor of the left condyle&#44; which is within the parameters of normality and suggests a higher uptake possibly by the altered joint mechanics in the left condyle&#44; but not a hyperplasia&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      16 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table I"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Norm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SNA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">82 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">81 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SNB&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">77&#46;7 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">77&#46;5 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ANB&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">3&#46;7 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;5 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FH&#47;N-A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">90 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">90 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FH- N-Pog&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">90 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">86 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ANS-PNS&#47;GO-GN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">25 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ar-Go-Me&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">130 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">132 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Upper incisor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">110 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">112 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">palatal plane IMPA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">90 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">S-N&#47;Go-Gn&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">34&#46;2 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">36 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">N-S-Ar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">122 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">112 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ANS-Me&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">60 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">S-Go&#47;Na-Me&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">60&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1653602.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cephalometric values&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      17 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table II"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Table I"
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Right&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Left&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Difference&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Condylar size&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">19 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">18 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">1 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ramus height&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">38 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">39 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">1 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Corpus length&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">89 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">90 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">1 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mandibular size&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">126 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">128 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">2 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Goniac Angle&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">128 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">129 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="top">1¿&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1653601.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Thilander analysis&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "REFERENCES"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:37 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Morphologic evaluation and classification of facial asymmetry using 3-dimensional computed tomography"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Baek"
                            1 => "J&#46;Y&#46; Paeng"
                            2 => "J&#46;S&#46; Lee"
                            3 => "J&#46; Hong"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.joms.2011.02.135"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Oral Maxillofac Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "70"
                        "numero" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1161"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1169"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21763045"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Asymmetry of the sphenoid bone and its suitability as a reference for analyzing craniofacial asymmetry"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "Y&#46;H&#46; Kim"
                            1 => "K&#46; Sato"
                            2 => "H&#46; Mitani"
                            3 => "Y&#46; Shimizu"
                            4 => "M&#46; Kikuchi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0889540603007716"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "124"
                        "numero" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "656"
                        "paginaFinal" => "662"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14666078"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Morphologic relationship between the cranial base and the mandible in patients with facial asymmetry and mandibular prognathism"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "S&#46;J&#46; Kim"
                            1 => "K&#46;J&#46; Lee"
                            2 => "S&#46;H&#46; Lee"
                            3 => "H&#46;S&#46; Baik"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.03.024"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "144"
                        "numero" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "330"
                        "paginaFinal" => "340"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23992805"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Artificial deformation and cranio-facial asymmetry in ancient Peruvians"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Bjoerk"
                            1 => "L&#46; Bjoerk"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Dent Res&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1964"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "353"
                        "paginaFinal" => "362"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14159038"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Chromosomal and multifactorial genetic disorders with oral manifestations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Patil"
                            1 => "R&#46;S&#46; Rao"
                            2 => "B&#46; Majumdar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Int Oral Health&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "numero" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "118"
                        "paginaFinal" => "125"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395808"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The prevalence of facial asymmetry in the dentofacial deformities population at the University of North Carolina"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "T&#46;R&#46; Severt"
                            1 => "W&#46;R&#46; Proffit"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "numero" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "171"
                        "paginaFinal" => "176"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9511487"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Asymmetry of human skull base during growth"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "P&#46;P&#46; Russo"
                            1 => "R&#46;L&#46; Smith"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Morphol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "numero" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1028"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1032"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparison of the position of the mandibular fossa using 3D CBCT indifferent skeletal frames in human caucasic skulls"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Basili"
                            1 => "H&#46;N&#46; Costa"
                            2 => "K&#46; Sasaguri"
                            3 => "S&#46; Akimoto"
                            4 => "R&#46; Slavicek"
                            5 => "S&#46; Sato"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Stomatol Occl Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "179"
                        "paginaFinal" => "190"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The dynamic functional anatomy of craniofacial complex and its relation to the articulation of the dentitions"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Sato"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "The masticatory organ&#58; functions and dysfunctions&#46;"
                        "serieFecha" => "2002"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Growth in the external cranial base evaluated on human dry skulls&#44; using nerve canal openings as references"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Sejrsen"
                            1 => "J&#46; Jakobsen"
                            2 => "L&#46;T&#46; Skovgaard"
                            3 => "I&#46; Kjaer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Odontol Scand&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "numero" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "356"
                        "paginaFinal" => "364"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9477028"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Molecular mechanisms of cranial neural crest cell migration and patterning in craniofacial development"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Minoux"
                            1 => "F&#46;M&#46; Rijli"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1242/dev.040048"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Development&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "137"
                        "numero" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2605"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2621"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20663816"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A new orthodontic approach to mandibular lateral displacement malocclusion-importance of occlusal plane reconstruction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Sato"
                            1 => "K&#46; Takamoto"
                            2 => "K&#46; Fushima"
                            3 => "S&#46; Akimoto"
                            4 => "Y&#46; Suzuki"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Dent Jpn&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "81"
                        "paginaFinal" => "85"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The influence of functional appliance therapy on glenoid fossa remodeling"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "D&#46;G&#46; Woodside"
                            1 => "A&#46; Metaxas"
                            2 => "G&#46; Altuna"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "92"
                        "numero" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "181"
                        "paginaFinal" => "198"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3477085"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The shape of the glenoid fossa affects the growth of the mandible"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Kantomaa"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Orthod&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "numero" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "249"
                        "paginaFinal" => "254"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3181305"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A treatment approach to malocclusion under the consideration of craniofacial dynamics"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Sato"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "editorial" => "Meaw Publishing House"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Makati&#44; Philippines"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Changes in articular eminence morphology with dental function"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "R&#46;J&#46; Hinton"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/ajpa.1330540402"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Phys Anthropol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1981"
                        "volumen" => "54"
                        "numero" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "439"
                        "paginaFinal" => "455"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7234989"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Location of the glenoid fossa after a period of unilateral masticatory function in young rabbits"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Poikela"
                            1 => "P&#46; Pirttiniemi"
                            2 => "T&#46; Kantomaa"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Orthod&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "22"
                        "numero" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "105"
                        "paginaFinal" => "112"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10822883"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Experimentally created nonbalanced occlusion effects on the thickness of the temporomandibular joint disc in rats"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Sun"
                            1 => "M&#46; Wang"
                            2 => "J&#46; He"
                            3 => "L&#46; Liu"
                            4 => "S&#46; Chen"
                            5 => "S&#46;E&#46; Widmalm"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.2319/091907-450.1"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Angle Orthod&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "79"
                        "numero" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "51"
                        "paginaFinal" => "53"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19123706"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Perspectives on craniofacial asymmetryIII&#46; Common and&#47;or well-known causes of asymmetry"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;M&#46; Cohen Jr&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "numero" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "127"
                        "paginaFinal" => "133"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7608575"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Hiperplasia condilar&#58; caracter&#237;sticas&#44; manifestaciones&#44; diagn&#243;stico y tratamiento"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "B&#46;D&#46; L&#243;pez"
                            1 => "S&#46;C&#46; Corral"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Revisi&#243;n de tema&#46; Rev Fac Odontol Univ Antioq&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "numero" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "425"
                        "paginaFinal" => "446"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A classification system for conditions causing condylar hyperplasia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46;M&#46; Wolford"
                            1 => "R&#46; Movahed"
                            2 => "D&#46;E&#46; Perez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.joms.2013.09.002"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Oral Maxillofac Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "72"
                        "numero" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "567"
                        "paginaFinal" => "595"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24388179"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The clinical characteristics of condylar hyperplasia&#58; experience with 61 patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "D&#46;W&#46; Nitzan"
                            1 => "A&#46; Katsnelson"
                            2 => "I&#46; Bermanis"
                            3 => "I&#46; Brin"
                            4 => "N&#46; Casap"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.joms.2007.08.046"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Oral Maxillofac Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "66"
                        "numero" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "312"
                        "paginaFinal" => "318"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18201615"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Manejo interdisciplinario de la hiperplasia condilar"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Anaya-Fl&#243;rez"
                            1 => "N&#46; Molina-Mart&#237;nez"
                            2 => "C&#46;E&#46; Rueda"
                            3 => "R&#46; Morales-Latorre"
                            4 => "R&#46;E&#46; Garc&#237;a-Rey"
                            5 => "X&#46; Mart&#237;nez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Revista Ortousta&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "7"
                        "paginaFinal" => "20"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Histopathologic comparison of normal and hyperplastic condyles"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Eslami"
                            1 => "H&#46; Behnia"
                            2 => "H&#46; Javadi"
                            3 => "K&#46;S&#46; Khiabani"
                            4 => "A&#46;S&#46; Saffar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S1079210403003792"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "numero" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "711"
                        "paginaFinal" => "717"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14676762"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Condylar hyperplasia&#58; correlation between clinical&#44; radiological&#44; scintigraphic&#44; and histologic features"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Elbaz"
                            1 => "A&#46; Wiss"
                            2 => "G&#46; Raoul"
                            3 => "X&#46; Leroy"
                            4 => "C&#46; Hossein-Foucher"
                            5 => "J&#46; Ferri"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/SCS.0000000000000555"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Craniofac Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "numero" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1085"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1090"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24705237"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Hyperplasia of the mandibular condyle&#46; A historical review of important early cases with a presentation and analysis of twelve patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;E&#46; Norman"
                            1 => "D&#46;M&#46; Painter"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Maxillofac Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1980"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "numero" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "161"
                        "paginaFinal" => "175"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Hemimandibular hyperplasia-hemimandibular elongation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "H&#46;L&#46; Obwegeser"
                            1 => "M&#46;S&#46; Makek"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Maxillofac Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1986"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "numero" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "183"
                        "paginaFinal" => "208"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3461097"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparison of planar bone scintigraphy and single photon emission computed tomography for diagnosis of active condylar hyperplasia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46;F&#46; L&#243;pez"
                            1 => "C&#46;M&#46; Corral"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jcms.2015.10.026"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Craniomaxillofac Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "numero" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "70"
                        "paginaFinal" => "74"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26625976"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Trajectories of cortical surface area and cortical volume maturation in normal brain development"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Ducharme"
                            1 => "M&#46;D&#46; Albaugh"
                            2 => "T&#46;V&#46; Nguyen"
                            3 => "J&#46;J&#46; Hudziak"
                            4 => "J&#46;M&#46; Mateos-P&#233;rez"
                            5 => "A&#46; Labbe"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.dib.2015.10.044"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Data Brief&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "929"
                        "paginaFinal" => "938"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26702424"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "SPECT bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis and management of mandibular condylar hyperplasia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "S&#46;C&#46; Hodder"
                            1 => "J&#46;I&#46; Rees"
                            2 => "T&#46;B&#46; Oliver"
                            3 => "P&#46;E&#46; Facey"
                            4 => "A&#46;W&#46; Sugar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1054/bjom.1999.0209"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "numero" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "87"
                        "paginaFinal" => "93"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10864700"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Unilateral condylar hyperactivity&#58; a histopathologic analysis of 47 patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;P&#46; Saridin"
                            1 => "P&#46;G&#46; Raijmakers"
                            2 => "P&#46;J&#46; Slootweg"
                            3 => "D&#46;B&#46; Tuinzing"
                            4 => "A&#46;G&#46; Becking"
                            5 => "I&#46; van der Waal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.joms.2009.07.033"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Oral Maxillofac Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "68"
                        "numero" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "47"
                        "paginaFinal" => "53"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20006154"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Histopathological analysis of unilateral condylar hyperplasia&#58; difficulties in diagnosis and characterization of the disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "B&#46; V&#225;squez"
                            1 => "S&#46; Olate"
                            2 => "M&#46; Cant&#237;n"
                            3 => "C&#46; Sandoval"
                            4 => "R&#46; Fari&#241;a"
                            5 => "M&#46; Del Sol"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijom.2015.11.023"
                      "Revista" => array:8 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "numero" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "601"
                        "paginaFinal" => "609"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26723497"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0140673605711466"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01406736"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "33"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sistema estomatogn&#225;tico&#44; osteopat&#237;a y postura"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;O&#46; Pascual-Vaca"
                            1 => "C&#46; Rodr&#237;guez-Blanco"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Osteopat&#237;a Cient&#237;fica&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "numero" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "88"
                        "paginaFinal" => "90"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "34"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bone scintigraphy as a diagnostic method in unilateral hyperactivity of the mandibular condyles&#58; a review and meta-analysis of the literature"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46;P&#46; Saridin"
                            1 => "P&#46;G&#46; Raijmakers"
                            2 => "D&#46;B&#46; Tuinzing"
                            3 => "A&#46;G&#46; Becking"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijom.2010.09.015"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "numero" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "11"
                        "paginaFinal" => "17"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20970961"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "35"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Treatment of hemimandibular hyperplasia&#58; the biological basis of condylectomy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Lippold"
                            1 => "B&#46; Kruse-Losler"
                            2 => "G&#46; Danesh"
                            3 => "U&#46; Joos"
                            4 => "U&#46; Meyer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.bjoms.2006.10.011"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "numero" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "353"
                        "paginaFinal" => "360"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17145124"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "36"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Use of&#40;99m&#41;Tc-MDP SPECT for assessment of mandibular growth&#58; development of normal values"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46;H&#46; Fahey"
                            1 => "Z&#46;R&#46; Abramson"
                            2 => "B&#46;L&#46; Padwa"
                            3 => "R&#46;E&#46; Zimmerman"
                            4 => "D&#46; Zurakowski"
                            5 => "M&#46; Nissenbaum"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00259-009-1337-0"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "37"
                        "numero" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1002"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1010"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20033153"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "37"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Orthodontic treatment after high condylectomy in patients with unilateral condylar hyperplasia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46;F&#46; Lopez"
                            1 => "S&#46; Herrera-Guardiola"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Orthod&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "50"
                        "numero" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "727"
                        "paginaFinal" => "735"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28245434"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/23959215/0000000500000004/v1_201802071836/S2395921518300138/v1_201802071836/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "59223"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Original research"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23959215/0000000500000004/v1_201802071836/S2395921518300138/v1_201802071836/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2395921518300138?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]

Article information

ISSN: 23959215
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.rmo.2018.01.013

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 October	56	4	60
2024 September	88	24	112
2024 August	80	23	103
2024 July	75	7	82
2024 June	54	12	66
2024 May	76	6	82
2024 April	123	12	135
2024 March	102	13	115
2024 February	121	30	151
2024 January	141	19	160
2023 December	118	12	130
2023 November	137	28	165
2023 October	145	42	187
2023 September	111	16	127
2023 August	78	14	92
2023 July	77	34	111
2023 June	102	18	120
2023 May	140	38	178
2023 April	102	25	127
2023 March	100	24	124
2023 February	105	23	128
2023 January	85	26	111
2022 December	89	32	121
2022 November	74	32	106
2022 October	86	28	114
2022 September	68	46	114
2022 August	83	16	99
2022 July	73	13	86
2022 June	54	18	72
2022 May	52	20	72
2022 April	74	18	92
2022 March	90	16	106
2022 February	81	14	95
2022 January	101	19	120
2021 December	104	28	132
2021 November	105	12	117
2021 October	94	18	112
2021 September	844	23	867
2021 August	109	21	130
2021 July	70	17	87
2021 June	46	12	58
2021 May	77	12	89
2021 April	171	20	191
2021 March	85	34	119
2021 February	75	16	91
2021 January	83	27	110
2020 December	69	28	97
2020 November	58	21	79
2020 October	39	15	54
2020 September	36	16	52
2020 August	39	28	67
2020 July	38	18	56
2020 June	38	14	52
2020 May	55	17	72
2020 April	41	23	64
2020 March	49	17	66
2020 February	46	13	59
2020 January	44	18	62
2019 December	49	27	76
2019 November	36	9	45
2019 October	59	26	85
2019 September	36	27	63
2019 August	39	18	57
2019 July	45	11	56
2019 June	61	31	92
2019 May	93	35	128
2019 April	78	25	103
2019 March	28	8	36
2019 February	46	11	57
2019 January	40	9	49
2018 December	21	2	23
2018 November	25	6	31
2018 October	56	11	67
2018 September	82	8	90
2018 August	31	0	31
2018 July	24	1	25
2018 June	27	1	28
2018 May	21	0	21
2018 April	40	0	40
2018 March	22	0	22
2018 February	11	2	13

Show all

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Subscribe to our newsletter