Gender-adjustment of Moyers dentition analysis for the Nayarit (Mexico) population

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] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Damaris Delgado" "apellidos" => "Sandoval" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alhelí Mendoza" "apellidos" => "Minjarez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alma Rosa Rojas" "apellidos" => "García" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1870199X15000415?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/1870199X/0000001900000004/v1_201511290022/S1870199X15000415/v1_201511290022/es/main.assets" ] ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "ORIGINAL RESEARCH" "titulo" => "Gender-adjustment of Moyers dentition analysis for the Nayarit (Mexico) population" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e224" "paginaFinal" => "e227" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Jaime Fabián Gutiérrez Rojo, Damaris Delgado Sandoval, Alhelí Mendoza Minjarez, Alma Rosa Rojas García" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Jaime Fabián Gutiérrez" "apellidos" => "Rojo" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jaimefg79@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "1" "identificador" => "fn1" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Damaris Delgado" "apellidos" => "Sandoval" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Alhelí Mendoza" "apellidos" => "Minjarez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Alma Rosa Rojas" "apellidos" => "García" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Faculty member of the Dental Academic Unit and Orthodontics Specialty of the Nayarit Autonomous University" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Orthodontics Specialist. Private Practice" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Student at the Dental School of the Autonomous University of Nayarit" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Ajuste por género del análisis de dentición de Moyers para la población de Nayarit" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "INTRODUCTIONMalocclusions are an important factor in the field of social acceptance and interaction as well as in limitations of masticatory functions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> Most malocclusions commence during the period of mixed dentition, therefore, mixed dentition analyses are necessary for diagnosis during the dental replacement stage.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a>Mixed dentition analyses are used to predict mesio-distal size of canines and premolars. These analyses will determine existing discrepancies between available and required space in the dental arch.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a> There are different systems to conduct analysis of existing space during mixed dentition, but most possess as a characteristic the need to have erupted first permanent molars as well as mandibular incisors in order to predict the size of premolars and canines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">4</a>Dentition analyses can be classified as follows: those conducted based on formulae, which can be either statistical or of linear regression and based on lower incisors, and those which used X-rays, as well as a combination of both methods.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025">5,6</a>Moyers’ dentition analysis is one of the most commonly used methods, it was developed for Caucasian population.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">7</a> It has the characteristic of using the width of all four lower incisors in order to establish the mesio-distal size of teeth being predicted; this is achieved in two percentile tables divided by gender, one for the upper jaw and one for the lower jaw.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">8</a>Moyers recommends the use of the 50 percentile, considering it a more precise calculation, and the use of percentile 75 in cases when the clinical operator might be inexperienced, since percentile 75 calculates greater medio-distal values for non erupted canines and premolars. The advantages of Moyers’ analysis are the following: it entails minimal system errors, it is easy to rapidly read, it does not require X-rays, it does not require special equipment, it can be conducted either on dental models or on the patient, there are tables for the upper and lower jaw.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">9</a>Several studies have described mesio-distal size variation in teeth according to patient's ethnicity and gender.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">10</a> Therefore, it might prove necessary to assess dental analyses and if said analyses were not effective, undertake necessary adjustments in order to be able to use them.The purpose of the present research paper was to assess Moyers’ analysis for the Nayarit population and, if it were to be non-effective, undertake necessary adjustments.MATERIAL AND METHODSThe present research was of a descriptive, nonexperimental and cross-section nature, 1,345 study models were examined. Models came from the database of the Orthodontics Specialty, Nayarit Autonomous University. Models spanned the 2002-2012 time frame. The sample was convenienceoriented, that is to say, models that met with inclusion criteria were included; 180 models of pre-orthodontic male patients were used, as well as 319 models of female patients. Out of this female patient group, 180 models were randomly selected so as to match the 180 male models.Inclusion criteria were as follows: pre-orthodontic treatment models, models were to be manufactured by only two operators of the Diagnosis Unit, models should exhibit erupted permanent dentition except for third molars. The following pre-treatment models were excluded: those which exhibited fractured teeth, cavities, previous orthodontic treatment, restorations which affected mesio-distal width as well as crowding. All of the aforementioned factors would have prevented mesio-distal measurement of the tooth.Variables were anterior and posterior segments. The anterior segment was obtained from the sum of the mesiodistal values of lower central and lateral incisors. The upper and lower posterior segment was built with the mean of mesio-distal measurement of canines, first premolar and second premolar of both jaws.Data gathering was conducted in a recording sheet with the patient's initials, gender, age, impression age, and slots for all teeth to be considered for the present research. All data was processed with Excel 2007 Microsoft Office program; statistics were undertaken with the SPSS, version 18 program.Materials used were the study models, a Mitutoyo brand digital gauger, thin brushes, data collection sheets, pencil, eraser and a computer. Descriptive statistics were calculated, 75 and 50 percentiles for each gender, t Student test was used to compare table results with 75 and 50 percentile adjustments for each gender with the results of the Moyers tables. Comparison was equally established between adjustment results for tables of the population under study and premolar and canine values of the orthodontic study models.RESULTSDescriptive statistics can be observed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">tables I and II</a>. 75 and 50 percentiles were calculated with the values of canines and premolars of pre-orthodontics study models for both genders (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0015">Tables III and IV</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia>Moyers analysis was applied, as well as Nayarit population adjustment. Results were compared and revealed; there were statistically significant differences (p ≤ .001). It could therefore be concluded that this percentile cannot be used for mixed dentition diagnoses.After this, tables proposed for the present research with the 50 percentile were compared with real values of canines and premolars; no statistically significant differences were found. In females, «p» in upper jaw was 0.615, for males it was 0.118, in the lower jaw «p» values were 0.121 in females and 0.486 in males.In the tables, minimum value for incisor sum was 20.5mm in males and 20mm in females, maximum values were 27mm for both genders. Moyers’ tables results and adjustment were different, due to this, tables were not the same (in adjustment tables lack of ascending continuity could be observed in the values of canines and premolars could be observed, contrary to Moyers tables where value of canines and premolars always increase along with incisor values).Percentile 75 over-estimated in both genders the value of canines and premolars, for this reason it should not be used in orthodontic diagnosis. On the other hand, percentile 50 was the one to use for dentition analyses, since no statistically significant differences were found.DISCUSSIONMoyers’ percentile tables have been researched all over the world, it was found they were not effective due to genetic differences among populations. For example, in India, size of premolars and canines were under-estimated in the regions of Pondicherry, Mukstar, Ludhiana and Jangam.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055">11–13</a> Contrary to this, in other locations such as Sarajevo (Croatia) or Graz (Austria) this mixed dentition analysis over-estimated the values of non erupted canines and premolars.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">14</a> In Nayarit, Moyers’ analysis under-estimated value of population's canines and premolars.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">15</a>In India, Ganapati et al found that Moyers's analysis was not suitable for use, due to the fact that in the 75 percentile it over-estimated the mesio-distal size of canines and premolars, in the 50 percentile, it under-estimated or over-estimated the size according to gender or whether it was conducted in the upper or lower jaw.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a> In the present research we concurred with Ganapati's findings when using the 75 percentile on the studied Nayarit population, since statistical differences were found.In the South of Austria, in the city of Graz, it was found that Moyers's tables underestimated the size of the teeth which erupted, after the fact that when sum of incisors reached 23 in maxillary and mandibular value tables, values were over-estimated.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">14</a> In the present study, values for canines and premolars were over-estimated when using the 75 percentile, from the lowest values of incisor sums (20.5mm in males and 20mm in females) up to 27mm values.Several authors have reported gender dimorphism in the dental size of canines and premolars, this has led to undertaking different dentition analyses for males and females. The present study revealed differences among male and female values, similar to those of Philip in India,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> Diagne in Senegal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">16</a> and Ganapati in India.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a>The problem of Moyers's tables’ precision can be decreased when they are adjusted to the population to which they are applied.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">17</a> Percentile tables of canines and premolars sizes have been made in India,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">5</a> Senegal,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">16</a> USA, Austria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">14</a> and Hong Kong.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">16</a> In the percentile tables made up for the present research it can be observed that incisor values as well as percentile values are higher than those published by Moyers.CONCLUSIONSAssessment of the Moyers’ analysis adjustment to Tepic, Nayarit population revealed that percentile 75 was not effective to calculate the size of canines and premolars in both genders. No statistical differences were found with the results of calculating mesiodistal size of canines and premolars with percentile 50 adjustment, as well as values of canines and premolars in the Nayarit population.The adjustment of Moyers’ analysis in the 50 percentile executed in the present research project, was only effective for the population where it was conducted. Therefore, it is recommended to assess mixed dentition analyses in populations where it was executed, since in different populations, there are differences in mesiodistal sizes of teeth." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres583722" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec599910" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres583721" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultado" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec599911" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "INTRODUCTION" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "MATERIAL AND METHODS" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "RESULTS" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "DISCUSSION" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "CONCLUSIONS" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2013-08-31" "fechaAceptado" => "2013-10-31" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec599910" "palabras" => array:2 [ 0 => "Moyers" 1 => "mixed dentition analysis." ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec599911" "palabras" => array:2 [ 0 => "Moyers" 1 => "análisis de dentición mixta." ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "Moyers percentile tables are one of the diagnostic elements used for early age malocclusions. These tables predict the size of non erupted canines and premolars. Material and methodsThe sample was composed of 180 male patients study models and 319 female patients study models used for orthodontic pre-treatment. Models met inclusion criteria. So as to match samples, 180 female study models were randomly selected. Descriptive statistics were calculated, percentiles 75 and 50 for each gender, t Student test was used to compare results of tables with adjustment of percentiles 75 and 50 for each gender with Moyers tables results and values of the study models. ResultsStatistically significant differences were found when comparing Moyers’ tables results with those of the Nayarit population. Percentile 75 of Nayarit tables over-estimated values of canines and premolars in both genders. No statistical differences were found with 50 percentile. ConclusionsIt is recommended to use the 50 percentile of the conducted adjustment in order to predict size of canines and premolars." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "Uno de los elementos diagnósticos de las maloclusiones en edades tempranas son las tablas de percentiles de Moyers, éstas predicen el tamaño de caninos y premolares que aún no erupcionan. Material y métodosLa muestra fue de 180 modelos de estudio pretratamiento de ortodoncia de sexo masculino que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y 319 de sexo femenino, por lo que se seleccionaron de forma aleatoria 180 modelos de estudio pretratamiento de sexo femenino para igualar las muestras. Se calculó la estadística descriptiva, los percentiles 75 y 50 para cada sexo y se utilizó la prueba de t de Student para comparar los resultados de las tablas con los ajustes de los percentiles 75 y 50 de cada sexo con el resultado de las tablas de Moyers y con los valores de los modelos de estudio. ResultadoSe encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre los resultados de las tablas de Moyers y las realizadas para la población de Nayarit. El percentil 75 de las tablas de Nayarit sobrestima el valor de caninos y premolares en ambos sexos, con el percentil 50 no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas. ConclusionesSe recomienda utilizar el percentil 50 del ajuste realizado para predecir el tamaño de caninos y premolares." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultado" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "etiqueta" => "1" "nota" => "This article can be read in its full version in the following page:http://www.medigraphic.com/facultadodontologiaunam" "identificador" => "fn1" ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table I" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Real premolars and canines</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Percentile adjustment 75</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Percentile adjustment 50</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Upper \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lower \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Upper \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lower \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Upper \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lower \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Standard deviation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Maximum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Minimum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">17.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">17.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">19.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">19.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab952284.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Descriptive statistic of female gender population." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table II" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Real premolars and canines</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Percentile adjustment 75</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Percentile adjustment 50</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Upper \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lower \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Upper \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lower \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Upper \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lower \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Standard deviation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Maximum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Minimum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">19.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">19.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab952281.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Descriptive statistic of male population." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table III" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Incisors \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">25.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">26.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">75 maxillary \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">75 mandibular \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">50 maxillary \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">50 mandibular \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab952282.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Percentiles table for males." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table IV" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Incisors \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">25.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">26.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">75 maxillary \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">75 mandibular \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">19.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">50 maxillary \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">50 mandibular \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">19.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">19.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">19.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab952283.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Percentiles table for females." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:17 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Malocclusion impacts adolescents oral health-related quality life" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Scapini" 1 => "C. Feldens" 2 => "T. Machado" 3 => "P. Floriani" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2319/062012-509.1" "Revista" => array:8 [ "tituloSerie" => "Angle Orthod." "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "83" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "512" "paginaFinal" => "518" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23210545" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0735109712054794" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "07351097" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of Moyers mixed dentition analysis children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S. Ganapati" 1 => "V. Naik" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Indian J Dent Res." 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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Ajuste por género del análisis de dentición de Moyers para la población de Nayarit

Jaime Fabián Gutiérrez Rojoa,1,

Corresponding author

jaimefg79@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.

, Damaris Delgado Sandovalb, Alhelí Mendoza Minjarezc, Alma Rosa Rojas Garcíaa

a Faculty member of the Dental Academic Unit and Orthodontics Specialty of the Nayarit Autonomous University

b Orthodontics Specialist. Private Practice

c Student at the Dental School of the Autonomous University of Nayarit

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    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL RESEARCH</span>"
    "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleBold">Gender-adjustment of Moyers dentition analysis for the Nayarit &#40;Mexico&#41; population</span>"
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        "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Ajuste por g&#233;nero del an&#225;lisis de dentici&#243;n de Moyers para la poblaci&#243;n de Nayarit</span></span>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">INTRODUCTION</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Malocclusions are an important factor in the field of social acceptance and interaction as well as in limitations of masticatory functions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Most malocclusions commence during the period of mixed dentition&#44; therefore&#44; mixed dentition analyses are necessary for diagnosis during the dental replacement stage&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mixed dentition analyses are used to predict mesio-distal size of canines and premolars&#46; These analyses will determine existing discrepancies between available and required space in the dental arch&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> There are different systems to conduct analysis of existing space during mixed dentition&#44; but most possess as a characteristic the need to have erupted first permanent molars as well as mandibular incisors in order to predict the size of premolars and canines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dentition analyses can be classified as follows&#58; those conducted based on formulae&#44; which can be either statistical or of linear regression and based on lower incisors&#44; and those which used X-rays&#44; as well as a combination of both methods&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moyers&#8217; dentition analysis is one of the most commonly used methods&#44; it was developed for Caucasian population&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> It has the characteristic of using the width of all four lower incisors in order to establish the mesio-distal size of teeth being predicted&#59; this is achieved in two percentile tables divided by gender&#44; one for the upper jaw and one for the lower jaw&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moyers recommends the use of the 50 percentile&#44; considering it a more precise calculation&#44; and the use of percentile 75 in cases when the clinical operator might be inexperienced&#44; since percentile 75 calculates greater medio-distal values for non erupted canines and premolars&#46; The advantages of Moyers&#8217; analysis are the following&#58; it entails minimal system errors&#44; it is easy to rapidly read&#44; it does not require X-rays&#44; it does not require special equipment&#44; it can be conducted either on dental models or on the patient&#44; there are tables for the upper and lower jaw&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several studies have described mesio-distal size variation in teeth according to patient&#39;s ethnicity and gender&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Therefore&#44; it might prove necessary to assess dental analyses and if said analyses were not effective&#44; undertake necessary adjustments in order to be able to use them&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The purpose of the present research paper was to assess Moyers&#8217; analysis for the Nayarit population and&#44; if it were to be non-effective&#44; undertake necessary adjustments&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">MATERIAL AND METHODS</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present research was of a descriptive&#44; nonexperimental and cross-section nature&#44; 1&#44;345 study models were examined&#46; Models came from the database of the Orthodontics Specialty&#44; Nayarit Autonomous University&#46; Models spanned the 2002-2012 time frame&#46; The sample was convenienceoriented&#44; that is to say&#44; models that met with inclusion criteria were included&#59; 180 models of pre-orthodontic male patients were used&#44; as well as 319 models of female patients&#46; Out of this female patient group&#44; 180 models were randomly selected so as to match the 180 male models&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inclusion criteria were as follows&#58; pre-orthodontic treatment models&#44; models were to be manufactured by only two operators of the Diagnosis Unit&#44; models should exhibit erupted permanent dentition except for third molars&#46; The following pre-treatment models were excluded&#58; those which exhibited fractured teeth&#44; cavities&#44; previous orthodontic treatment&#44; restorations which affected mesio-distal width as well as crowding&#46; All of the aforementioned factors would have prevented mesio-distal measurement of the tooth&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Variables were anterior and posterior segments&#46; The anterior segment was obtained from the sum of the mesiodistal values of lower central and lateral incisors&#46; The upper and lower posterior segment was built with the mean of mesio-distal measurement of canines&#44; first premolar and second premolar of both jaws&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data gathering was conducted in a recording sheet with the patient&#39;s initials&#44; gender&#44; age&#44; impression age&#44; and slots for all teeth to be considered for the present research&#46; All data was processed with Excel 2007 Microsoft Office program&#59; statistics were undertaken with the SPSS&#44; version 18 program&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Materials used were the study models&#44; a Mitutoyo brand digital gauger&#44; thin brushes&#44; data collection sheets&#44; pencil&#44; eraser and a computer&#46; Descriptive statistics were calculated&#44; 75 and 50 percentiles for each gender&#44; t Student test was used to compare table results with 75 and 50 percentile adjustments for each gender with the results of the Moyers tables&#46; Comparison was equally established between adjustment results for tables of the population under study and premolar and canine values of the orthodontic study models&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">RESULTS</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive statistics can be observed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">tables I and II</a>&#46; 75 and 50 percentiles were calculated with the values of canines and premolars of pre-orthodontics study models for both genders <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0015">Tables III and IV</a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moyers analysis was applied&#44; as well as Nayarit population adjustment&#46; Results were compared and revealed&#59; there were statistically significant differences &#40;p &#8804; &#46;001&#41;&#46; It could therefore be concluded that this percentile cannot be used for mixed dentition diagnoses&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After this&#44; tables proposed for the present research with the 50 percentile were compared with real values of canines and premolars&#59; no statistically significant differences were found&#46; In females&#44; &#171;p&#187; in upper jaw was 0&#46;615&#44; for males it was 0&#46;118&#44; in the lower jaw &#171;p&#187; values were 0&#46;121 in females and 0&#46;486 in males&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the tables&#44; minimum value for incisor sum was 20&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in males and 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in females&#44; maximum values were 27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm for both genders&#46; Moyers&#8217; tables results and adjustment were different&#44; due to this&#44; tables were not the same &#40;in adjustment tables lack of ascending continuity could be observed in the values of canines and premolars could be observed&#44; contrary to Moyers tables where value of canines and premolars always increase along with incisor values&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Percentile 75 over-estimated in both genders the value of canines and premolars&#44; for this reason it should not be used in orthodontic diagnosis&#46; On the other hand&#44; percentile 50 was the one to use for dentition analyses&#44; since no statistically significant differences were found&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">DISCUSSION</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moyers&#8217; percentile tables have been researched all over the world&#44; it was found they were not effective due to genetic differences among populations&#46; For example&#44; in India&#44; size of premolars and canines were under-estimated in the regions of Pondicherry&#44; Mukstar&#44; Ludhiana and Jangam&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;13</span></a> Contrary to this&#44; in other locations such as Sarajevo &#40;Croatia&#41; or Graz &#40;Austria&#41; this mixed dentition analysis over-estimated the values of non erupted canines and premolars&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> In Nayarit&#44; Moyers&#8217; analysis under-estimated value of population&#39;s canines and premolars&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In India&#44; Ganapati <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span> found that Moyers&#39;s analysis was not suitable for use&#44; due to the fact that in the 75 percentile it over-estimated the mesio-distal size of canines and premolars&#44; in the 50 percentile&#44; it under-estimated or over-estimated the size according to gender or whether it was conducted in the upper or lower jaw&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In the present research we concurred with Ganapati&#39;s findings when using the 75 percentile on the studied Nayarit population&#44; since statistical differences were found&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the South of Austria&#44; in the city of Graz&#44; it was found that Moyers&#39;s tables underestimated the size of the teeth which erupted&#44; after the fact that when sum of incisors reached 23 in maxillary and mandibular value tables&#44; values were over-estimated&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> In the present study&#44; values for canines and premolars were over-estimated when using the 75 percentile&#44; from the lowest values of incisor sums &#40;20&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in males and 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in females&#41; up to 27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm values&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several authors have reported gender dimorphism in the dental size of canines and premolars&#44; this has led to undertaking different dentition analyses for males and females&#46; The present study revealed differences among male and female values&#44; similar to those of Philip in India&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Diagne in Senegal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> and Ganapati in India&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The problem of Moyers&#39;s tables&#8217; precision can be decreased when they are adjusted to the population to which they are applied&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Percentile tables of canines and premolars sizes have been made in India&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Senegal&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> USA&#44; Austria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> and Hong Kong&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> In the percentile tables made up for the present research it can be observed that incisor values as well as percentile values are higher than those published by Moyers&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">CONCLUSIONS</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assessment of the Moyers&#8217; analysis adjustment to Tepic&#44; Nayarit population revealed that percentile 75 was not effective to calculate the size of canines and premolars in both genders&#46; No statistical differences were found with the results of calculating mesiodistal size of canines and premolars with percentile 50 adjustment&#44; as well as values of canines and premolars in the Nayarit population&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The adjustment of Moyers&#8217; analysis in the 50 percentile executed in the present research project&#44; was only effective for the population where it was conducted&#46; Therefore&#44; it is recommended to assess mixed dentition analyses in populations where it was executed&#44; since in different populations&#44; there are differences in mesiodistal sizes of teeth&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Moyers percentile tables are one of the diagnostic elements used for early age malocclusions&#46; These tables predict the size of non erupted canines and premolars&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The sample was composed of 180 male patients study models and 319 female patients study models used for orthodontic pre-treatment&#46; Models met inclusion criteria&#46; So as to match samples&#44; 180 female study models were randomly selected&#46; Descriptive statistics were calculated&#44; percentiles 75 and 50 for each gender&#44; t Student test was used to compare results of tables with adjustment of percentiles 75 and 50 for each gender with Moyers tables results and values of the study models&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Results</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Statistically significant differences were found when comparing Moyers&#8217; tables results with those of the Nayarit population&#46; Percentile 75 of Nayarit tables over-estimated values of canines and premolars in both genders&#46; No statistical differences were found with 50 percentile&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">It is recommended to use the 50 percentile of the conducted adjustment in order to predict size of canines and premolars&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Uno de los elementos diagn&#243;sticos de las maloclusiones en edades tempranas son las tablas de percentiles de Moyers&#44; &#233;stas predicen el tama&#241;o de caninos y premolares que a&#250;n no erupcionan&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La muestra fue de 180 modelos de estudio pretratamiento de ortodoncia de sexo masculino que cumpl&#237;an los criterios de inclusi&#243;n y 319 de sexo femenino&#44; por lo que se seleccionaron de forma aleatoria 180 modelos de estudio pretratamiento de sexo femenino para igualar las muestras&#46; Se calcul&#243; la estad&#237;stica descriptiva&#44; los percentiles 75 y 50 para cada sexo y se utiliz&#243; la prueba de t de Student para comparar los resultados de las tablas con los ajustes de los percentiles 75 y 50 de cada sexo con el resultado de las tablas de Moyers y con los valores de los modelos de estudio&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Resultado</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se encontraron diferencias estad&#237;sticas entre los resultados de las tablas de Moyers y las realizadas para la poblaci&#243;n de Nayarit&#46; El percentil 75 de las tablas de Nayarit sobrestima el valor de caninos y premolares en ambos sexos&#44; con el percentil 50 no se encontraron diferencias estad&#237;sticas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se recomienda utilizar el percentil 50 del ajuste realizado para predecir el tama&#241;o de caninos y premolares&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Real premolars and canines</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Percentile adjustment 75</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Percentile adjustment 50</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Upper&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Lower&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Upper&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Lower&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Upper&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Lower&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Standard deviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Maximum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Minimum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Real premolars and canines</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Percentile adjustment 75</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Percentile adjustment 50</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Upper&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Lower&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Upper&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Lower&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Upper&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Lower&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Standard deviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Maximum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Minimum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive statistic of male population&#46;</p>"
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      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table III"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Incisors&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">75 maxillary&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">75 mandibular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">50 maxillary&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Ganapati"
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                    0 => array:1 [
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Indian J Dent Res&#46;"
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Article information

ISSN: 1870199X
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.rodmex.2015.10.012

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Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	3	0	3
2024 October	20	2	22
2024 September	33	15	48
2024 August	31	9	40
2024 July	29	7	36
2024 June	16	2	18
2024 May	14	4	18
2024 April	13	2	15
2024 March	16	5	21
2024 February	48	6	54
2024 January	52	8	60
2023 December	37	6	43
2023 November	40	2	42
2023 October	48	4	52
2023 September	29	5	34
2023 August	38	3	41
2023 July	43	1	44
2023 June	41	2	43
2023 May	48	9	57
2023 April	13	2	15
2023 March	17	5	22
2023 February	15	1	16
2023 January	11	5	16
2022 December	15	4	19
2022 November	16	8	24
2022 October	13	7	20
2022 September	18	10	28
2022 August	21	8	29
2022 July	19	4	23
2022 June	26	8	34
2022 May	22	7	29
2022 April	47	10	57
2022 March	102	10	112
2022 February	123	6	129
2022 January	53	7	60
2021 December	39	5	44
2021 November	36	6	42
2021 October	19	15	34
2021 September	12	6	18
2021 August	14	6	20
2021 July	15	9	24
2021 June	15	7	22
2021 May	9	3	12
2021 April	32	19	51
2021 March	11	8	19
2021 February	4	11	15
2021 January	11	11	22
2020 December	12	9	21
2020 November	9	12	21
2020 October	6	8	14
2020 September	10	9	19
2020 August	8	8	16
2020 July	7	12	19
2020 June	5	7	12
2020 May	11	5	16
2020 April	10	2	12
2020 March	7	2	9
2020 February	11	6	17
2020 January	5	5	10
2019 December	13	4	17
2019 November	6	8	14
2019 October	3	0	3
2019 September	14	1	15
2019 August	6	3	9
2019 July	16	13	29
2019 June	35	13	48
2019 May	65	29	94
2019 April	33	3	36
2019 March	5	4	9
2019 February	4	3	7
2019 January	2	2	4
2018 December	4	1	5
2018 November	8	3	11
2018 October	39	11	50
2018 September	36	5	41
2018 August	8	3	11
2018 July	9	1	10
2018 June	4	1	5
2018 May	10	3	13
2018 April	1	0	1
2018 March	16	1	17
2018 February	5	0	5
2018 January	6	0	6
2017 December	3	0	3
2017 November	13	3	16
2017 October	3	10	13
2017 September	8	4	12
2017 August	11	1	12
2017 July	5	1	6
2017 June	7	5	12
2017 May	5	3	8
2017 April	0	41	41
2017 March	4	38	42
2017 February	19	2	21
2017 January	15	1	16
2016 December	15	3	18
2016 November	13	2	15
2016 October	27	11	38
2016 September	15	3	18
2016 August	17	3	20
2016 July	17	1	18
2016 June	25	9	34
2016 May	18	22	40
2016 April	27	11	38
2016 March	50	13	63
2016 February	23	16	39
2016 January	22	18	40
2015 December	27	12	39

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