Resistance to fracture of teeth with weakened roots using posts with and without root filling. A systematic review

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Attention must be brought to the fact that the higher bacterial count in moderate chronic periodontitis corresponded to P. intermedia and C. rectus during the maintenance phase." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Susana Macín-Cabrera, Mariano Sanz-Alonso, Laura Castrillón-Rivera, Alejandro Palma-Ramos, Norma Noguez-Méndez, Carlos Quirino-Barreda, Alejandro Rubio-Martínez" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Susana" "apellidos" => "Macín-Cabrera" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Mariano" "apellidos" => "Sanz-Alonso" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Laura" "apellidos" => "Castrillón-Rivera" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alejandro" "apellidos" => "Palma-Ramos" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Norma" "apellidos" => "Noguez-Méndez" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carlos" "apellidos" => "Quirino-Barreda" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alejandro" "apellidos" => "Rubio-Martínez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1870199X16000380?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/1870199X/0000001900000003/v2_201602290913/S1870199X16000380/v2_201602290913/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1870199X16000367" "issn" => "1870199X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rodmex.2016.02.018" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-07-01" "aid" => "54" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "edi" "cita" => "Rev Odont Mex. 2015;19:e142-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 425 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 30 "HTML" => 253 "PDF" => 142 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "EDITORIAL" "titulo" => "Ongoing strategies against mitochondrial diseases: prevention and development of genetic therapies" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e142" "paginaFinal" => "e144" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Combatiendo las enfermedades mitocondriales: estrategias para el desarrollo de terapias génicas y estrategias de prevención" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Diego González Halphen" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Diego González" "apellidos" => "Halphen" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1870199X16000367?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/1870199X/0000001900000003/v2_201602290913/S1870199X16000367/v2_201602290913/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:17 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "ORIGINAL RESEARCH" "titulo" => "Resistance to fracture of teeth with weakened roots using posts with and without root filling. A systematic review" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e145" "paginaFinal" => "e150" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Katerine Carvajal Cabrales, Meisser Vidal Madera Anaya, Gelen Patricia Bernett Zurita" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Katerine Carvajal" "apellidos" => "Cabrales" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Meisser Vidal Madera" "apellidos" => "Anaya" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "meissermadera@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Gelen Patricia Bernett" "apellidos" => "Zurita" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "DDS Oral Rehabilitation Specialist, Teacher at the Prosthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, University of Cartagena, Colombia" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "DDS, Master's Degree in Clinical Epidemiology, Master's Degree in Biochemistry, Researcher at GISPOUC group, School of Dentistry, University of Cartagena, Colombia" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "DDS, Master's Degree in Dental Sciences (C), School of Dentistry, National University of Colombia, Colombia" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Resistencia a la fractura de dientes con raíces debilitadas usando postes con y sin relleno radicular. Revisión sistemática" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2424 "Ancho" => 2896 "Tamanyo" => 457599 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Search and selection of studies." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "1INTRODUCTIONDental trauma can cause tooth damage or loss in children and adolescents. Upper anterior zones are the most affected.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1,2</a> These injuries can cause pulp necrosis in young permanent teeth, and interrupt their root development, since the root reaches final length and configuration four years after tooth eruption, therefore, apexes remain open, and root walls are thin and divergent, forming thus immature, fracture-prone teeth.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">3,4</a>Several materials and procedures are presently used to reinforce root walls which have become weakened after endodontic therapy. Among these we can count ionomers, resins, posts polyethylene fibers and Resilon®.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025">5–9</a> Nevertheless, there is controversy on the subject of ideal treatment selection: clinical data to lead to an optimal treatment is scarce, this would then require a study of different materials used to this end.Posts are used to to restore teeth with great loss at crown level. Due to their bio-mechanical properties, they are recommended as root reinforcement, since their properties allow for the distribution of forces in apical direction as well as increase of tooth resistance.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050">10–12</a> Materials such as trans-illumination posts which conduct light to the interior of the root ensure full polymerization and suitable bonding between root dentin and polymeric components of resin materials, achieving thus favorable clinical results in weakened teeth and providing resistance.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065">13–15</a>In order to contribute to the clarification of indicated therapy in these dental circumstances, the present systematic review targeted the comparison of evidence results with respect to fracture resistance in teeth with weakened root walls, reinforced with filled and unfilled posts after having been subjected to compression forces.2MATERIAL AND METHODS2.1Search strategiesAn electronic search of literature in databases such as Medline, PubMed, Embase and Ovid was conducted for the development of the present study. No restrictions with respect to year or language were observed. The following terms were used: «fracture resistance» and «fracture strength» combined with «tooth fracture» «tooth root», «root canal» «immature teeth» «flared walls» «weakened root» and «non-vital tooth».2.2Selection criteriaIn vitro studies were included. These studies assessed resistance to (filled or unfilled) post fractures. Moreover, human permanent upper incisor teeth with thin root dentin walls were used, with laboratory-conducted assessment of forces.Selected items were individually reviewed, searching for direct relationship with objectives of the present work. Methodological quality was assessed, bearing in mind criteria of scientific evidence weight based on internal validity.2.3Analysis and data collectionFindings were stored and organized in a digital database, to be later statistically analyzed and processed. Results of selected studies were expressed in different force units such as pounds, kilograms, kilonewtons. For analysis and later comparison all values were converted to Newton units.The primary measurement to assess materials effect was standard difference of resistance to fracture mean among teeth subjected to compressions. Moreover, standard deviation measurements were used. For difference among means the Wilcoxon non-parametric test was used, assuming confidence intervals of 95% and limit probability values for decision under 0.05. Studies were combined using, for the hypothesis test, the primary estimators heterogeneity test (statistic Q test). All calculations were executed with Stata Corp, version 10.1 software.3RESULTS148 articles were identified out of which seven met with inclusion criteria requirements. The rest were discarded for reasons shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figure 1</a>. In six of the selected articles, root walls had become weakened by the use of intra-canal rotating burrs, leaving 1mm thickness.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">16–21</a> One study did not report wall thickness, but root canal diameter was considered (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table I</a>).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">22</a><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table II</a> shows assessment of methodological quality and research consistency.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>A total of 24 groups in seven articles were assessed. In 15 groups, filled posts were examined and in 9 groups unfilled posts were apprised. The average sample size of groups was respectively 9.9 and 9.3 teeth.With respect to comparability of teeth groups, they exhibited common characteristics with respect to variables such a load speed, wall thickness, type of filling material and post used in both groups.According to load application speed, in the groups with filled posts, 66.7% force was 1 mm/min, and in 26.7% it was 2 mm/min. In the group with unfilled posts, force was 1 mm/min in 66.7% and 2 mm/min in 33.3%. With respect to wall thickness, walls of groups with filled posts were 1mm in 33%, 1.5mm in 13.3% and 2mm in 13.3%. Distribution was similar in the unfilled post group: 44.4% was 1mm, 11.1% was 1.5mm and 22.2% was 2mm.With respect to post materials, in the unfilled group, 55.6% were nickel and chromium (NiCr), 33.3% were gold (Au) and 11.1% copper aluminum (CuAl). In the unfilled posts group, 40% used fiber glass, 20% NiCr, 26.7% titanium (Ti) and 6.7% gold (Au). In this group, filling material was resin in 93.3% of cases, and glass ionomer in 6.7%.According to obtained findings, a fracture resistance mean was found in the group of teeth with unfilled intra-root posts, this mean was 795.8N (SD = 642.3). In the group of teeth with filled intra-root posts mean was 666.9N (SD = 332.7). Nevertheless, no statistical significant difference could be established (diff = 128.9; CI = -281.7-539.4 p value: 0.65) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table III</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>4DISCUSSIONThe main limitations in the present review project were scarcity of articles meeting with inclusion criteria and lack of specific data for some confusing variables. Nevertheless, with methodological analysis of articles, seven articles with similar characteristics were selected. This allowed collection of reliable findings with respect to indicated treatment used to reinforce weakened teeth.In the present review, no statistically significant differences were found when comparing resistance to fracture of weakened teeth, when using filled or unfilled posts. Carvalho et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">14</a> compared walls reinforced with zirconium posts and composite resin. They proved that teeth with weakened walls experienced an increase in fracture resistance when filled or unfilled posts were used. This is a reasonable assumption, since metallic posts confer high resistance to fracture, due to their metallic composition, additionally composite resins used with posts increase thickness of dentinal root walls, and thus strengthen them. It might be worth mentioning that force application speed in the groups was minimal, this might explain the fact that there were no significant differences in results, since in laboratory assessments, when variations are minimal they still influence results.Even though no difference was found between both treatments it might be mentioned that the group restored with only-metallic posts exhibited greater resistance to fracture. This would agree with reports of Kivanç et al.;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">21</a> and Maccari et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">23</a> It could be due to the fact that when the walls are thinner, greater will be the post's diameter and the amount of metal that withstands a fracture force, in comparison with narrow walls. Additionally, this type of reconstruction can better withstand transverse static forces when compared to adhesive posts, this is also due to the intrinsic adaptation of the casting with root anatomy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">24</a> Nevertheless, in the distribution of assessed groups, NiCr alloy was found in greater proportion in the unfilled posts group than in the filled post group. This latter group was mostly composed of fiberglass posts; this probably might have influenced results since metallic alloys are more resistant to compressive forces than fiberglass.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120">24,25</a>Authors such as Saupe et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">17</a> Katebzadeh et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">18</a> Liang et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> Wu et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">20</a> and Fukui et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">26</a> concluded that the use of metallic posts with resin increased resistance to fracture, and that this difference was statistically significant when compared to unfilled posts. This could be explained by the fact that used filling material increased root wall thickness of the tooth, creating a more resistant surface which absorbs and distributes forces transmitted during chewing movements, more uniformly than that achieved by metallic materials, offering thus better prognosis in restoration function.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030">6,7</a>In turn, Goncalves et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">22</a> found that the therapeutic option with greater resistance to fracture was filled titanium posts, when compared to teeth restored with copper-aluminum posts. This is probably due to the fact that, when allowing for suitable polymerization and adhesion of the filling, reinforcement of remaining tooth structure is achieved due to the integration of these components.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">27</a> It might be worth mentioning that in the present study materials with different elasticity modules were confronted, since titanium posts exhibited lesser rigidity than copper-aluminum posts, and were closer to a natural tooth's characteristics, this could lead to an increase in tension in the postdentin inter-phase in this latter group.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">28</a> These tensions could be the reason why teeth with weakened roots and restored with only metallic posts would have the lowest resistance value of all other studied groups. This would then tend to prove tooth susceptibility to fracture in cases when no root filling material is used, or alternatively, techniques such as ferrule design which allow to use the vertical tooth remnant with a 2mm bevel at the termination line, providing thus greater resistance to dental fracture.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">29</a>Resistance to fracture is evidently increased with the use of filled and unfilled posts, nevertheless, it cannot be established which option provides better results with respect to fracture resistance of weakened roots. This suggests the need to conduct studies to complement available evidence, on comparison of filled and unfilled posts, and furthermore establish possible difference between use of metallic and adhesive posts. These studies should control all possible confusing variables and standardize the method of force application to thus achieve more reliable results which might guide the clinician in his quest of an ideal therapeutic criterion.5CONCLUSIONIncrease of fracture resistance of teeth with weakened walls can be achieved using posts placed within the canal as well as posts combined with root reinforcements. Both options provide greater resistance to the walls during compressive forces. Unfilled posts exhibit the advantages of fast and easy manufacture, long success history and excellent physical properties. Nevertheless, in cases when esthetics are essential and the clinician can avail himself to latest technology materials and systems, use of resin-reinforced posts represents a practical and innovative treatment option." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres610924" "titulo" => "ABSTRACT" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec624913" "titulo" => "Key words" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres610925" "titulo" => "RESUMEN" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec624914" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "INTRODUCTION" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "MATERIAL AND METHODS" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Search strategies" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Selection criteria" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Analysis and data collection" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "RESULTS" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "DISCUSSION" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "CONCLUSION" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec624913" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Resistance to fracture" 1 => "tooth fracture" 2 => "tooth's root" 3 => "non vital teeth." ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec624914" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Resistencia a la fractura" 1 => "fractura dental" 2 => "raíz dental" 3 => "dientes no vitales." ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "ABSTRACT" "resumen" => "Teeth with thin root walls exhibit high fracture rate; it is therefore a challenge to find the ideal method to provide them with resistance. To this end, posts, either unfilled or filled with intra-root filling have been used, nevertheless, to this date, no certainty has been established on the differences among these therapeutic options. The main purpose of the present review was to compare evidence results on resistance to fracture of teeth with weakened roots which had been reinforced with either filled or unfilled posts, after being subjected to compressive forces. An electronic search was conducted in different databases (Medline, Embase, PubMed and Ovid). The search was unrestricted with respect to year or language. Aforementioned search produced 148 articles. Each author independently conducted data extraction and quality assessment of each article, following parameters established in calibration (gauging). Finally, seven articles meeting with inclusion criteria were selected. After information collection and analysis, it was concluded that resistance increase in root-weakened teeth was effected when intra-root posts were used, irrespectively of whether these posts had or did not have dentin root reinforcement material." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "RESUMEN" "resumen" => "Los dientes con paredes radiculares delgadas poseen un alto índice de fractura, por lo que es un reto encontrar el método ideal para proveerles resistencia. Para tal fin se utilizan postes con y sin relleno intrarradicular; pero aún no existe claridad acerca de la diferencia entre estas opciones terapéuticas. El objetivo de esta revisión fue comparar resultados de la evidencia sobre la resistencia a la fractura en dientes con raíces debilitadas reforzadas con postes con y sin relleno, luego de ser sometidos a fuerzas compresivas. Una búsqueda electrónica se realizó en las bases de datos (Medline, Embase, PubMed y Ovid), sin restricción por año o idioma, arrojando 148 artículos. La extracción de datos y la evaluación de calidad de cada artículo se realizaron de forma independiente por cada autor siguiendo los parámetros establecidos en la calibración. Finalmente se seleccionaron siete artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Luego de la recolección de información y análisis, se concluyó que el incremento de la resistencia en dientes con raíces debilitadas se produce con el uso de postes intrarradiculares, aunque indistintamente si están o no acompañados de refuerzo radicular dentinal." ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2424 "Ancho" => 2896 "Tamanyo" => 457599 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Search and selection of studies." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table I" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "PL: periodontal ligament; UI: upper incisors; UC: upper centrals; S-EDL: sectioned at enamel-cement limit; ND: no declaration." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Teeth \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">State of crown \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Wall thickness \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sample distribution \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PL simulation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dinamometer \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tjan et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">16</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">UC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">S-EDL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">G1: metallic post Au type IV (1 mm) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.05 inch × min 30° \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">G2: metallic post Au type IV (2 mm) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Saupe et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">17</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">UC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">S-EDL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.5 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">GA: metallic post Au type III (no splint) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2mm × min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.75 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">GB: metallic post Au type III + resin (no splint) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Katebzadeh et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">18</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">UC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">S-EDL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">G5: resin + metallic post \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 inch × min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Goncalves et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">22</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">UI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">S-EDL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CP: metallic post control copper aluminum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1mm × min 135° \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Diámeter of root canal 3.2 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">LT: resin filling + titanium post (TiP) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">LF: transillumination post (TRP)+ filled with resin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">LZ: TRP + filled with resin + TiP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">LR: TRP+ filled with resin + TiP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Liang et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">UC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">S-EDL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">G1: metallic post NiCr \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2mm × min 135° \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">G2: metallic post NiCr+ resin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Wu et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">20</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">UI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">S-EDL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">G0: metallic post NiCr \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2mm × min 135° \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">G2: cement resin + post NiCr \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">G3: ionomer + post NiCr \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Kivanç et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">21</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">UI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">S-EDL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1: 1 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">L: resin + fiber glass post \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1mm × min 45° \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2: 1.5 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">E: fiber glass post \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3: 2 mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M: metallic post NiCr \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1000834.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Methodological characteristics of studies." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table II" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "ND: not declared." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type of study \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sample size \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Randomization \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Comparable groups \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Masked measurement \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tjan et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">16</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1985 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">In vitro \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Saupe et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">17</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1996 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">In vitro \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Katebzadeh et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">18</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1998 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">In vitro \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Goncalves et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">22</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2006 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">In vitro \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Liang et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2007 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">In vitro \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Wu et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">20</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2007 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">In vitro \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Kivanç et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">21</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">In vitro \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">165 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1000832.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Assessment of study quality." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table III" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "N: Newton; *Dif. Means = 128.9; CI = 95%: -281.7-539.4; value p = 0.65." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Filled posts</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Unfilled posts</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sample \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Resistance (N) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sample \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Resistance (N) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Wu et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">20</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">640 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">370 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">490 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Kivanç et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">21</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">557.82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">593.97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1,708.73 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">838.45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1,659.36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">562.18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1,220.18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">708.93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">938.36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Goncalves et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">22</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">520.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">479.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">212.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">391.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">333.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Liang et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">639.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">360.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Katebzadeh et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">18</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">578.27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Saupe et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">17</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1,730.87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1,196.41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tjan et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">16</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">216.63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">210.85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top">666.9 (332.7)</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top">795.8 (642.3)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IC = 95% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top">482.7-851.1</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top">302.1-1,289.5</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1000833.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Fracture resistance of teeth with weakened walls." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:29 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of care of dentoalveolar trauma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L.F. 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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Resistencia a la fractura de dientes con raíces debilitadas usando postes con y sin relleno radicular. Revisión sistemática

Katerine Carvajal Cabralesa, Meisser Vidal Madera Anayab,

Corresponding author

meissermadera@gmail.com

Corresponding author.

, Gelen Patricia Bernett Zuritac

a DDS Oral Rehabilitation Specialist, Teacher at the Prosthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, University of Cartagena, Colombia

b DDS, Master's Degree in Clinical Epidemiology, Master's Degree in Biochemistry, Researcher at GISPOUC group, School of Dentistry, University of Cartagena, Colombia

c DDS, Master's Degree in Dental Sciences (C), School of Dentistry, National University of Colombia, Colombia

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    "titulo" => "Resistance to fracture of teeth with weakened roots using posts with and without root filling&#46; A systematic review"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1</span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">INTRODUCTION</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dental trauma can cause tooth damage or loss in children and adolescents&#46; Upper anterior zones are the most affected&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> These injuries can cause pulp necrosis in young permanent teeth&#44; and interrupt their root development&#44; since the root reaches final length and configuration four years after tooth eruption&#44; therefore&#44; apexes remain open&#44; and root walls are thin and divergent&#44; forming thus immature&#44; fracture-prone teeth&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several materials and procedures are presently used to reinforce root walls which have become weakened after endodontic therapy&#46; Among these we can count ionomers&#44; resins&#44; posts polyethylene fibers and Resilon<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;9</span></a> Nevertheless&#44; there is controversy on the subject of ideal treatment selection&#58; clinical data to lead to an optimal treatment is scarce&#44; this would then require a study of different materials used to this end&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Posts are used to to restore teeth with great loss at crown level&#46; Due to their bio-mechanical properties&#44; they are recommended as root reinforcement&#44; since their properties allow for the distribution of forces in apical direction as well as increase of tooth resistance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12</span></a> Materials such as trans-illumination posts which conduct light to the interior of the root ensure full polymerization and suitable bonding between root dentin and polymeric components of resin materials&#44; achieving thus favorable clinical results in weakened teeth and providing resistance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#8211;15</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In order to contribute to the clarification of indicated therapy in these dental circumstances&#44; the present systematic review targeted the comparison of evidence results with respect to fracture resistance in teeth with weakened root walls&#44; reinforced with filled and unfilled posts after having been subjected to compression forces&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">MATERIAL AND METHODS</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;1</span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Search strategies</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An electronic search of literature in databases such as Medline&#44; PubMed&#44; Embase and Ovid was conducted for the development of the present study&#46; No restrictions with respect to year or language were observed&#46; The following terms were used&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#171;</span>fracture resistance<span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#187;</span> and &#171;fracture strength<span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#187;</span> combined with <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#171;</span>tooth fracture<span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#187; &#171;</span>tooth root<span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#187;</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#171;</span>root canal<span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#187; &#171;</span>immature teeth<span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#187; &#171;</span>flared walls<span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#187; &#171;</span>weakened root<span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#187;</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#171;</span>non-vital tooth<span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#187;&#46;</span></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;2</span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Selection criteria</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In vitro</span> studies were included&#46; These studies assessed resistance to &#40;filled or unfilled&#41; post fractures&#46; Moreover&#44; human permanent upper incisor teeth with thin root dentin walls were used&#44; with laboratory-conducted assessment of forces&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Selected items were individually reviewed&#44; searching for direct relationship with objectives of the present work&#46; Methodological quality was assessed&#44; bearing in mind criteria of scientific evidence weight based on internal validity&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;3</span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Analysis and data collection</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Findings were stored and organized in a digital database&#44; to be later statistically analyzed and processed&#46; Results of selected studies were expressed in different force units such as pounds&#44; kilograms&#44; kilonewtons&#46; For analysis and later comparison all values were converted to Newton units&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The primary measurement to assess materials effect was standard difference of resistance to fracture mean among teeth subjected to compressions&#46; Moreover&#44; standard deviation measurements were used&#46; For difference among means the Wilcoxon non-parametric test was used&#44; assuming confidence intervals of 95&#37; and limit probability values for decision under 0&#46;05&#46; Studies were combined using&#44; for the hypothesis test&#44; the primary estimators heterogeneity test &#40;statistic Q test&#41;&#46; All calculations were executed with Stata Corp&#44; version 10&#46;1 software&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3</span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">RESULTS</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">148 articles were identified out of which seven met with inclusion criteria requirements&#46; The rest were discarded for reasons shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">figure 1</span></a>&#46; In six of the selected articles&#44; root walls had become weakened by the use of intra-canal rotating burrs&#44; leaving 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm thickness&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#8211;21</span></a> One study did not report wall thickness&#44; but root canal diameter was considered <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Table I</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Table II</span></a> shows assessment of methodological quality and research consistency&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 24 groups in seven articles were assessed&#46; In 15 groups&#44; filled posts were examined and in 9 groups unfilled posts were apprised&#46; The average sample size of groups was respectively 9&#46;9 and 9&#46;3 teeth&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With respect to comparability of teeth groups&#44; they exhibited common characteristics with respect to variables such a load speed&#44; wall thickness&#44; type of filling material and post used in both groups&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to load application speed&#44; in the groups with filled posts&#44; 66&#46;7&#37; force was 1 mm&#47;min&#44; and in 26&#46;7&#37; it was 2 mm&#47;min&#46; In the group with unfilled posts&#44; force was 1 mm&#47;min in 66&#46;7&#37; and 2 mm&#47;min in 33&#46;3&#37;&#46; With respect to wall thickness&#44; walls of groups with filled posts were 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in 33&#37;&#44; 1&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in 13&#46;3&#37; and 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in 13&#46;3&#37;&#46; Distribution was similar in the unfilled post group&#58; 44&#46;4&#37; was 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; 11&#46;1&#37; was 1&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm and 22&#46;2&#37; was 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With respect to post materials&#44; in the unfilled group&#44; 55&#46;6&#37; were nickel and chromium &#40;NiCr&#41;&#44; 33&#46;3&#37; were gold &#40;Au&#41; and 11&#46;1&#37; copper aluminum &#40;CuAl&#41;&#46; In the unfilled posts group&#44; 40&#37; used fiber glass&#44; 20&#37; NiCr&#44; 26&#46;7&#37; titanium &#40;Ti&#41; and 6&#46;7&#37; gold &#40;Au&#41;&#46; In this group&#44; filling material was resin in 93&#46;3&#37; of cases&#44; and glass ionomer in 6&#46;7&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to obtained findings&#44; a fracture resistance mean was found in the group of teeth with unfilled intra-root posts&#44; this mean was 795&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N &#40;SD &#61; 642&#46;3&#41;&#46; In the group of teeth with filled intra-root posts mean was 666&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N &#40;SD &#61; 332&#46;7&#41;&#46; Nevertheless&#44; no statistical significant difference could be established &#40;diff &#61; 128&#46;9&#59; CI &#61; -281&#46;7-539&#46;4 p value&#58; 0&#46;65&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Table III</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4</span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">DISCUSSION</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main limitations in the present review project were scarcity of articles meeting with inclusion criteria and lack of specific data for some confusing variables&#46; Nevertheless&#44; with methodological analysis of articles&#44; seven articles with similar characteristics were selected&#46; This allowed collection of reliable findings with respect to indicated treatment used to reinforce weakened teeth&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present review&#44; no statistically significant differences were found when comparing resistance to fracture of weakened teeth&#44; when using filled or unfilled posts&#46; Carvalho <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> compared walls reinforced with zirconium posts and composite resin&#46; They proved that teeth with weakened walls experienced an increase in fracture resistance when filled or unfilled posts were used&#46; This is a reasonable assumption&#44; since metallic posts confer high resistance to fracture&#44; due to their metallic composition&#44; additionally composite resins used with posts increase thickness of dentinal root walls&#44; and thus strengthen them&#46; It might be worth mentioning that force application speed in the groups was minimal&#44; this might explain the fact that there were no significant differences in results&#44; since in laboratory assessments&#44; when variations are minimal they still influence results&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Even though no difference was found between both treatments it might be mentioned that the group restored with only-metallic posts exhibited greater resistance to fracture&#46; This would agree with reports of Kivan&#231; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>&#46;&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> and Maccari <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> It could be due to the fact that when the walls are thinner&#44; greater will be the post&#39;s diameter and the amount of metal that withstands a fracture force&#44; in comparison with narrow walls&#46; Additionally&#44; this type of reconstruction can better withstand transverse static forces when compared to adhesive posts&#44; this is also due to the intrinsic adaptation of the casting with root anatomy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Nevertheless&#44; in the distribution of assessed groups&#44; NiCr alloy was found in greater proportion in the unfilled posts group than in the filled post group&#46; This latter group was mostly composed of fiberglass posts&#59; this probably might have influenced results since metallic alloys are more resistant to compressive forces than fiberglass&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;25</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Authors such as Saupe <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Katebzadeh <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Liang <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Wu <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> and Fukui <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> concluded that the use of metallic posts with resin increased resistance to fracture&#44; and that this difference was statistically significant when compared to unfilled posts&#46; This could be explained by the fact that used filling material increased root wall thickness of the tooth&#44; creating a more resistant surface which absorbs and distributes forces transmitted during chewing movements&#44; more uniformly than that achieved by metallic materials&#44; offering thus better prognosis in restoration function&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In turn&#44; Goncalves <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> found that the therapeutic option with greater resistance to fracture was filled titanium posts&#44; when compared to teeth restored with copper-aluminum posts&#46; This is probably due to the fact that&#44; when allowing for suitable polymerization and adhesion of the filling&#44; reinforcement of remaining tooth structure is achieved due to the integration of these components&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> It might be worth mentioning that in the present study materials with different elasticity modules were confronted&#44; since titanium posts exhibited lesser rigidity than copper-aluminum posts&#44; and were closer to a natural tooth&#39;s characteristics&#44; this could lead to an increase in tension in the postdentin inter-phase in this latter group&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> These tensions could be the reason why teeth with weakened roots and restored with only metallic posts would have the lowest resistance value of all other studied groups&#46; This would then tend to prove tooth susceptibility to fracture in cases when no root filling material is used&#44; or alternatively&#44; techniques such as ferrule design which allow to use the vertical tooth remnant with a 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm bevel at the termination line&#44; providing thus greater resistance to dental fracture&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Resistance to fracture is evidently increased with the use of filled and unfilled posts&#44; nevertheless&#44; it cannot be established which option provides better results with respect to fracture resistance of weakened roots&#46; This suggests the need to conduct studies to complement available evidence&#44; on comparison of filled and unfilled posts&#44; and furthermore establish possible difference between use of metallic and adhesive posts&#46; These studies should control all possible confusing variables and standardize the method of force application to thus achieve more reliable results which might guide the clinician in his quest of an ideal therapeutic criterion&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">5</span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">CONCLUSION</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Increase of fracture resistance of teeth with weakened walls can be achieved using posts placed within the canal as well as posts combined with root reinforcements&#46; Both options provide greater resistance to the walls during compressive forces&#46; Unfilled posts exhibit the advantages of fast and easy manufacture&#44; long success history and excellent physical properties&#46; Nevertheless&#44; in cases when esthetics are essential and the clinician can avail himself to latest technology materials and systems&#44; use of resin-reinforced posts represents a practical and innovative treatment option&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Teeth with thin root walls exhibit high fracture rate&#59; it is therefore a challenge to find the ideal method to provide them with resistance&#46; To this end&#44; posts&#44; either unfilled or filled with intra-root filling have been used&#44; nevertheless&#44; to this date&#44; no certainty has been established on the differences among these therapeutic options&#46; The main purpose of the present review was to compare evidence results on resistance to fracture of teeth with weakened roots which had been reinforced with either filled or unfilled posts&#44; after being subjected to compressive forces&#46; An electronic search was conducted in different databases &#40;Medline&#44; Embase&#44; PubMed and Ovid&#41;&#46; The search was unrestricted with respect to year or language&#46; Aforementioned search produced 148 articles&#46; Each author independently conducted data extraction and quality assessment of each article&#44; following parameters established in calibration &#40;gauging&#41;&#46; Finally&#44; seven articles meeting with inclusion criteria were selected&#46; After information collection and analysis&#44; it was concluded that resistance increase in root-weakened teeth was effected when intra-root posts were used&#44; irrespectively of whether these posts had or did not have dentin root reinforcement material&#46;</p></span>"
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        "titulo" => "RESUMEN"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los dientes con paredes radiculares delgadas poseen un alto &#237;ndice de fractura&#44; por lo que es un reto encontrar el m&#233;todo ideal para proveerles resistencia&#46; Para tal fin se utilizan postes con y sin relleno intrarradicular&#59; pero a&#250;n no existe claridad acerca de la diferencia entre estas opciones terap&#233;uticas&#46; El objetivo de esta revisi&#243;n fue comparar resultados de la evidencia sobre la resistencia a la fractura en dientes con ra&#237;ces debilitadas reforzadas con postes con y sin relleno&#44; luego de ser sometidos a fuerzas compresivas&#46; Una b&#250;squeda electr&#243;nica se realiz&#243; en las bases de datos &#40;Medline&#44; Embase&#44; PubMed y Ovid&#41;&#44; sin restricci&#243;n por a&#241;o o idioma&#44; arrojando 148 art&#237;culos&#46; La extracci&#243;n de datos y la evaluaci&#243;n de calidad de cada art&#237;culo se realizaron de forma independiente por cada autor siguiendo los par&#225;metros establecidos en la calibraci&#243;n&#46; Finalmente se seleccionaron siete art&#237;culos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusi&#243;n&#46; Luego de la recolecci&#243;n de informaci&#243;n y an&#225;lisis&#44; se concluy&#243; que el incremento de la resistencia en dientes con ra&#237;ces debilitadas se produce con el uso de postes intrarradiculares&#44; aunque indistintamente si est&#225;n o no acompa&#241;ados de refuerzo radicular dentinal&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2424
            "Ancho" => 2896
            "Tamanyo" => 457599
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Search and selection of studies&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table I"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PL&#58; periodontal ligament&#59; UI&#58; upper incisors&#59; UC&#58; upper centrals&#59; S-EDL&#58; sectioned at enamel-cement limit&#59; ND&#58; no declaration&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Teeth&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">State of crown&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Wall thickness&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sample distribution&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PL simulation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dinamometer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tjan <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">UC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S-EDL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">G1</span>&#58; metallic post Au type IV &#40;1 mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;05 inch &#215; min 30&#176;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">G2</span>&#58; metallic post Au type IV &#40;2 mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Saupe <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">UC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S-EDL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;5 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">GA</span>&#58; metallic post Au type III &#40;no splint&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#215; min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;75 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">GB</span>&#58; metallic post Au type III &#43; resin &#40;no splint&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Katebzadeh <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">UC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S-EDL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">G5</span>&#58; resin &#43; metallic post&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 inch &#215; min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Goncalves <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">UI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S-EDL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">CP</span>&#58; metallic post control copper aluminum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#215; min 135&#176;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Di&#225;meter of root canal 3&#46;2 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">LT</span>&#58; resin filling &#43; titanium post &#40;TiP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">LF</span>&#58; transillumination post &#40;TRP&#41;&#43; filled with resin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">LZ</span>&#58; TRP &#43; filled with resin &#43; TiP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">LR</span>&#58; TRP&#43; filled with resin &#43; TiP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Liang <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">UC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S-EDL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">G1</span>&#58; metallic post NiCr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#215; min 135&#176;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">G2</span>&#58; metallic post NiCr&#43; resin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Wu <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">UI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S-EDL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">G0</span>&#58; metallic post NiCr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#215; min 135&#176;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">G2</span>&#58; cement resin &#43; post NiCr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">G3</span>&#58; ionomer &#43; post NiCr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Kivan&#231; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">UI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S-EDL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#58; 1 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">L</span>&#58; resin &#43; fiber glass post&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#215; min 45&#176;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#58; 1&#46;5 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">E</span>&#58; fiber glass post&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#58; 2 mm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">M</span>&#58; metallic post NiCr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Methodological characteristics of studies&#46;</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "Table II"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ND&#58; not declared&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Year&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type of study&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sample size&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Randomization&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Comparable groups&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Masked measurement&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tjan et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1985&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In vitro</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Saupe et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1996&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In vitro</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Katebzadeh et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1998&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In vitro</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Goncalves et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2006&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In vitro</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ND&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Liang et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2007&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In vitro</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Wu et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2007&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In vitro</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Kivan&#231; et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2009&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In vitro</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">165&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Assessment of study quality&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table III"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">N&#58; Newton&#59; &#42;Dif&#46; Means &#61; 128&#46;9&#59; CI &#61; 95&#37;&#58; -281&#46;7-539&#46;4&#59; value p &#61; 0&#46;65&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Filled posts</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Unfilled posts</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sample&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Resistance &#40;N&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sample&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Resistance &#40;N&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Wu <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">640&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">370&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">490&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Kivan&#231; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">557&#46;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">593&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;708&#46;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">838&#46;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;659&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">562&#46;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;220&#46;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">708&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">938&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Goncalves <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">520&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">479&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">212&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">391&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">333&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Liang <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">639&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">360&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Katebzadeh <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">578&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Saupe <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;730&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;196&#46;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tjan <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">216&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">210&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean &#40;SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top">666&#46;9 &#40;332&#46;7&#41;</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top">795&#46;8 &#40;642&#46;3&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IC &#61; 95&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top">482&#46;7-851&#46;1</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top">302&#46;1-1&#44;289&#46;5</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fracture resistance of teeth with weakened walls&#46;</p>"
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Article information

ISSN: 1870199X
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.rodmex.2016.02.019

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2023 January	61	12	73
2022 December	38	9	47
2022 November	44	12	56
2022 October	38	19	57
2022 September	57	18	75
2022 August	41	15	56
2022 July	21	6	27
2022 June	32	6	38
2022 May	38	5	43
2022 April	15	10	25
2022 March	17	14	31
2022 February	23	3	26
2022 January	54	12	66
2021 December	37	9	46
2021 November	29	9	38
2021 October	49	11	60
2021 September	37	12	49
2021 August	56	5	61
2021 July	21	6	27
2021 June	23	6	29
2021 May	10	6	16
2021 April	67	12	79
2021 March	21	7	28
2021 February	12	14	26
2021 January	11	12	23
2020 December	15	4	19
2020 November	10	9	19
2020 October	18	8	26
2020 September	14	7	21
2020 August	11	15	26
2020 July	12	9	21
2020 June	21	4	25
2020 May	9	8	17
2020 April	13	4	17
2020 March	12	3	15
2020 February	18	5	23
2020 January	16	26	42
2019 December	16	7	23
2019 November	8	4	12
2019 October	11	3	14
2019 September	17	1	18
2019 August	5	3	8
2019 July	20	13	33
2019 June	37	27	64
2019 May	88	28	116
2019 April	33	14	47
2019 March	8	2	10
2019 February	4	1	5
2019 January	3	3	6
2018 December	4	1	5
2018 November	3	4	7
2018 October	8	1	9
2018 September	21	4	25
2018 August	1	2	3
2018 July	6	3	9
2018 June	10	0	10
2018 May	6	1	7
2018 April	2	0	2
2018 March	43	0	43
2018 February	54	1	55
2017 December	95	1	96
2017 November	3	1	4
2017 October	7	1	8
2017 September	4	0	4
2017 August	3	1	4
2017 July	6	3	9
2017 June	8	3	11
2017 May	9	1	10
2017 April	5	0	5
2017 March	9	22	31
2017 February	5	3	8
2017 January	6	1	7
2016 December	10	0	10
2016 November	11	1	12
2016 October	14	0	14
2016 September	10	0	10
2016 August	8	1	9
2016 July	5	0	5

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