ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Assessment of improved glass ionomer microleakage (Ketac Molar Easymix®) with or without use of a conditioner
Valoración de la microfiltración del ionómero de vidrio mejorado (Ketac Molar Easymix®) con o sin el uso de acondicionador
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"gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 948 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 34 "HTML" => 629 "PDF" => 285 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL RESEARCH</span>" "titulo" => "Physicochemical analysis of MTA Angelus® and Biodentine® conducted with X ray difraction, dispersive energy spectrometry, X ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscope and infra red spectroscopy" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e170" "paginaFinal" => "e176" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Análisis fisicoquímico del MTA Angelus® y Biodentine® mediante difracción de rayos X, espectrometría de energía dispersiva, fluorescencia de rayos X, microscopio electrónico de barrido y espectroscopía de rayos infrarrojos</span>" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 583 "Ancho" => 2106 "Tamanyo" => 162327 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Biodentine Scanning electron micrographs at magnifications of 500X, 1000X and 2000X where irregular and filiform shaped crystals can be observed.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Alejandra Citlalli Rodríguez Rocha, Genoveva Hernández Padrón, Margarita V García Garduño, Raúl Luis García Aranda" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alejandra Citlalli Rodríguez" "apellidos" => "Rocha" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Genoveva Hernández" "apellidos" => "Padrón" ] 2 => array:3 [ "preGrado" => "PhD researcher" "nombre" => "Margarita V García" "apellidos" => "Garduño" ] 3 => array:3 [ "preGrado" => "PhD" "nombre" => "Raúl Luis García" "apellidos" => "Aranda" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1870199X16000410?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/1870199X/0000001900000003/v2_201602290913/S1870199X16000410/v2_201602290913/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1870199X16000392" "issn" => "1870199X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rodmex.2016.02.021" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-07-01" "aid" => "57" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Odont Mex. 2015;19:e161-5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 502 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 32 "HTML" => 289 "PDF" => 181 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL RESEARCH</span>" "titulo" => "Characteristics of patients requesting treatment at a periodontics specialty facility in a Chilean population" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e161" "paginaFinal" => "e165" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caracterización del paciente que solicita atención de especialidad en periodoncia en una población chilena</span>" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1480 "Ancho" => 1955 "Tamanyo" => 112035 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">No significant dependence was observed (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05) in rate of patients with type 2 DM and desertion rate.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Israel Antonio Juárez Membreño" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Israel Antonio Juárez" "apellidos" => "Membreño" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1870199X16000392?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/1870199X/0000001900000003/v2_201602290913/S1870199X16000392/v2_201602290913/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:18 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL RESEARCH</span>" "titulo" => "Assessment of improved glass ionomer microleakage <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Ketac Molar Easymix</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">)</span> with or without use of a conditioner" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e166" "paginaFinal" => "e169" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Alejandra Jiménez Arribas, Adolfo Yamamoto Nagano" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Alejandra Jiménez" "apellidos" => "Arribas" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "ajacoa@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>" "identificador" => "fn1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Adolfo Yamamoto" "apellidos" => "Nagano" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>" "identificador" => "fn2" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Pediatrics Dentistry Specialty, Graduate and Research School, National School of Dentistry, National University of Mexico (UNAM)" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Valoración de la microfiltración del ionómero de vidrio mejorado (Ketac Molar Easymix</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">) con o sin el uso de acondicionador</span>" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 562 "Ancho" => 1001 "Tamanyo" => 84094 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sectioned samples. Microleakage-free obturation to enamel level can be observed.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">INTRODUCTION</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the last five years, restorative materials have rapidly evolved. This evolution targeted the improvement of the materials’ physical characteristics to thus offer better quality in performed treatment. In 1969, Wilson et al successfully developed a new modified cement composed of fine-grained glass silicate ionomer and polyacrylic acid. The first preparation of the aforementioned material was introduced in the market in 1972, with the name of ASPA (aluminum silicate polyacrylic).</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the last 20 years, development of glass ionomer has led to several variables in powder and polycarbonic acid components.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> These differences in composition result in characteristics’ variations. They possess unique properties such as suitable adhesion to enamel and dentin, satisfactory esthetics and long-term fluoride release. Nevertheless, these materials suffer limitations when applied. This is due to their low resistance, fragility and the ease they exhibit to absorb and lose water, thus decreasing their properties. Due to the aforementioned, indications are extremely specific.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In different in vitro studies, microleakage is defined as the passage of bacteria, fluids, chemical substances ions and molecules between the tooth and the restoration.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3–6</span></a> This microleakage can occur due to poor adaptation of the restoration to the cavity, as a result of solubility of cement, coatings and bases, or due to significant differences in the expansion coefficient of the restoration material and the tooth. Microleakage can cause many undesirable effects such as hypersensitivity, marginal discoloration, recurrent caries and pulp lesions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,7,8</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Due to the fact that glass ionomer cements can physically and chemically adhere to the tooth structure by means of ionic exchange, this material has been used by directly placing it as a restoration to control certain carious processes. This treatment is known as «atraumatic restorative treatment»: it consists on caries removal with exclusive use of manual instruments such as excavators. After this preparation, glass ionomer is directly placed in the preparation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9,10</span></a> Nevertheless, it could be thought that dentin debris covering worn down dental surfaces could disrupt cohesiveness and cause restoration failure during the phase of polymerization contraction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In former studies it has been reported that adhesion force to tooth surface is inconstant when no previous conditioning treatment has been undertaken, and that clinical retention and adhesion strength can be improved if said layer of dentin debris is removed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,11,18</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ketac Molar Easymix</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span>, the ionomer used in the present study, it embodies several advantages of glass ionomers: it exhibits suitable packing characteristics as well as fluidity properties.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> It is metal-free, and due to its improved mechanical properties, firm consistency and greater radio-opacity it is an appropriate material to use in permanent teeth to coat underneath resin fillings in class II and III cavities, in the reconstruction of tooth stumps as well as a temporary filling. In primary teeth it can be used to fill class I cavity restorations which do not directly withstand occlusion forces. It can also be used as temporary filling.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,12</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ketac Molar Easymix</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span>, as all conventional glass ionomer cements consists on a powder/liquide system and can be acquired in manual-mixing presentation as well as pre-dosed capsules. Powder acidity leads to greater general concentration of acid in the cement. This results in increased cross-reaction and improves mechanical values without dramatically increasing initial viscosity.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ketac Molar Easymix</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span>, grain distribution and previous glass treatment have been particularly optimized in order to achieve the properties of greater strength and packing consistency, as well as preservation of adhesive characteristics.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,7,13</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Glass ionomer cements present a high degree of initial fluoride release. This is due to the fact that most released fluoride is kept at the restoration surface. This release continues decreasing for several months to then stabilize to a constant level. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ketac Molar Easymix</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span> releases lesser amounts of fluoride than other glass ionomer cements because its solubility is lesser than that of other comparable cements.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7,13</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Even though there are different options in the market of glass ionomer as restoration materials, it is expected that this particular material might offer better characteristics than the rest of materials used in similar procedures.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Materials with very balanced cost-benefit relationship are required in certain procedures and under very specific circumstances. In the case of atraumatic restorations the target would be to preserve the tooth in its position as long as possible until exfoliation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9,10</span></a> The fact of filling the tooth with a unique material that provides necessary characteristics to restore function within the mouth bears the advantages of reducing costs and avoiding lengthy treatments, therefore, it has been considered a suitable option for patients who do not have access to optimal dental treatment without endangering the tooth.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of the present study was to assess whether use of conditioner improves the physical properties of this particular material.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">MATERIAL AND METHODS</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">40 recently extracted molars were selected. These teeth were caries-free and were stored in bidistilled water to avoid de-hydration. Prophylaxis was conducted on all teeth, and class V cavities were created on the labial (vestibular) surface. These cavities measured 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm diameter and 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm depth. For this endeavor, number 3 round diamond burrs were used in a high-speed hand-piece with irrigation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14,15</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Samples were randomly divided into two groups:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group 1. Samples were filled with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ketac Molar Easymix</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span>, using polyacrylic acid as conditioner.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group 2. Samples were filled with the same ionomer but without polyacrylic acid use.</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Manufacturers’ instructions were followed; which were cleansing the surface, removing excess water without totally drying tooth structure.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Mixing proportions were one spoonful of powder per one portion of the liquid (two drops). Mixing must be conducted at 20-25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C temperature. Powder must be mixed with liquid in one sole step. During application and setting phase, the working field must be protected against excess water and saliva. With environmental temperature of 23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C and 50% relative air humidity, times to consider are the following: mixing: 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>seconds, preparation 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>seconds, setting 7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Both groups of teeth were stored in bi-distilled water within properly labeled containers, during 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours at environmental temperature of 37°C<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At a later point teeth were subjected to 500 thermocycling cycles for an approximate time of 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes. Each cycle lasted for approximately one minute, during which time samples were at a maximum temperature of 50°C (±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5) during 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>seconds and at a minimum temperature of 5°C during an additional 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>seconds.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17,18</span></a> Once all samples were thermo-cycled, they were placed in containers and arranged once more in the environment chamber for an additional 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours. At a later point all samples were coated with nail polish, exposing only the restoration material and exerting great care to seal apexes with wax so as to avoid dye leakage into non-desired areas.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Samples were placed in a 1% methylene blue solution, and were left to stand there for 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes, before being thoroughly rinsed with abundant water. After this, teeth were affixed with self-polymerizing acrylic onto a plastic tablet in order to facilitate handling with the trimmer. All samples were sectioned with diamond burr and irrigation marking the tooth's longitudinal axis and passing through the preparation center, thus dividing the tooth into two equal parts (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 1</span></a>).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Five clinical operators previously standardized in the required type of observation and unrelated to the research observed under the microscope both groups of samples. They were requested to report their perception of microleakage which might be present at the filling-tooth inter-phase to the following scale.<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grade 0. No penetration of dye.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grade 1. Penetration only affects half the cavity.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grade 2. Penetration affects up to the cavity's bottom.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grade 3. Penetration affects all the cavity.</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Microleakage degreed of all materials were obtained according to the aforementioned criteria, teeth which presented the same level of micro-leakage in both cases were likewise identified.</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One way variance statistical analysis was used for the present study.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">RESULTS</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Microleakage grade 1 and 2 was observed in six out of the eighty samples examined. In Group I, average microleakage (with polyacrylic acid) was 1.09%. For group II, (without polyacrylic acid) microleakage was 0.92%. These figures do not represent statistically significant differences. One-way variance statistical analysis showed a value of p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.000, with 95% reliability. This would further corroborate the fact that there were no significant differences between both groups.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">DISCUSSION</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Different studies have revealed that there is presence of microleakage in glass ionomer filled restorations independently of whether conditioner was or was not used. Stephen M, in 1995 conducted a study where he compared different conditioners. As control group he used samples that had not received conditioner. He observed greater microleakage in glass ionomer restorations that had received conditioner (polyacrylic acid).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In 2001, in concordance with these results, Adreina Castro obtained greater microleakage in glass ionomer preparations previously treated with conditioner, in primary as well as permanent dentitions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Differing from the two aforementioned studies, Yilmaz in 2005 observed greater microleakage in glass ionomer restorations that had not received conditioner.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study it was observed that although a greater amount of samples with microleakage was found in the group where conditioner was used, the difference between both groups was not statistically significant. Nevertheless, it is important to mention that in samples which did not receive conditioner, were observed under the microscope, irregularities in the material's surface were revealed as well as partial dislodgement of the material in four of the samples.</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand, in samples which had received conditioner, presence of methylene blue circumscribing the cavity was observed as well as some bubbles in the material's body.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">CONCLUSIONS</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Particularly with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ketac Molar Easymix</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span> suitable results were obtained with respect to material's seal within the preparation, since microleakage was only observed in 1% of all samples. Nevertheless, for the specific aim of the present study, it can be concluded that microleakage is not modified when using or not using a conditioner.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres610930" "titulo" => "ABSTRACT" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec624920" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres610931" "titulo" => "RESUMEN" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec624919" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "INTRODUCTION" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "MATERIAL AND METHODS" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "RESULTS" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "DISCUSSION" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "CONCLUSIONS" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec624920" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Glass ionomer" 1 => "microleakage" 2 => "conditioner" 3 => "polyacrylic acid" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec624919" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Ionómero de vidrio" 1 => "microfiltración" 2 => "acondicionador" 3 => "ácido poliacrílico" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "ABSTRACT" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of the present study was to assess microleakage experienced by improved glass ionomer (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ketac Molar Easymix</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span>) with and without use of conditioner. In order to conduct this study, 40 third molars were used. Molars had previously been extracted, cleansed and hydrated. Two 20 randomly selected sample groups were established. Samples were subjected to prophylaxis and class V cavities were created on the vestibular (labial) surface of the teeth. Before ionomer application, and according to manufacturer's instructions, group A received a polyacrylic acid conditioner. Whereas group B received direct ionomer application. All samples were subjected to a thermo-cycling process and then were immersed in a 1% methylene blue solution for 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes. All molars were sectioned with carbide burr executing longitudinal cuts at the preparation's center. Each section was carefully examined under the microscope. Samples were rated and the following was observed: microleakage, for group A was 2.06% and for group B 1.84% which did not represent statistically significant differences. It can therefore be concluded that application of conditioner in this type of cavities and with this particular material does not cause statistically significant differences.</p></span>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "RESUMEN" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar la microfiltración del ionómero de vidrio mejorado (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ketac Molar Easymix</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span>) con o sin el uso de acondicionador. Para lograr éste, se seleccionaron 40 terceros molares extraídos, limpios e hidratados. Se formaron dos grupos de 20 muestras de forma aleatoria, a los cuales se les realizó profilaxis y cavidades de clase V sobre la cara vestibular. Al grupo A se le colocó un acondicionador de ácido poliacrílico como indica el fabricante, antes del ionómero y al grupo B se colocó el ionómero directamente. Las muestras se sometieron a un proceso de termociclado y fueron sumergidas en azul de metileno al 1%, durante 30 minutos. Cada molar fue seccionado con disco de carburo, con cortes longitudinales en el centro de la preparación. Cada sección fue examinada minuciosamente al microscopio. Se calificaron las muestras y se obtuvo que el promedio de microfiltración para el grupo A fue de 2.06% y para el grupo B fue de 1.84%, sin representar diferencias significativas. Por lo que se concluye, con que no existen diferencias significativas en colocar acondicionador en este tipo de cavidades y con este material en particular.</p></span>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "etiqueta" => "1" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Graduate.</p>" "identificador" => "fn1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "etiqueta" => "2" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Coordinator.</p>" "identificador" => "fn2" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 562 "Ancho" => 1001 "Tamanyo" => 84094 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sectioned samples. Microleakage-free obturation to enamel level can be observed.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:19 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements affected by curing methods" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C.J. Kleverlaan" 1 => "R.N. van Duinen" 2 => "A.J. 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Ambrosano" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Esthet Restor Dent" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "107" "paginaFinal" => "114" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12008798" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Microleakage of a new improved glass ionomer restorative material in primary and permanent teeth" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A. Castro" 1 => "R.E. 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Osorio" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Prosthet Dent" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "81" "paginaInicial" => "610" "paginaFinal" => "615" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10220667" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0016508509015595" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00165085" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resin-modified glass ionomer restorations in primary molars: a comparison of three <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> procedures" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "F.F. al-Obaidi" 1 => "F.S. 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Vaidyanathan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:8 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Prosthet Dent" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "83" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "194" "paginaFinal" => "203" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10668032" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S001650851100919X" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00165085" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In vivo</span> changes in roughness of resin-modified glass ionomer materials" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S.K. Sidhu" 1 => "M. Sherriff" 2 => "T.F. Watson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0109-5641(97)80028-0" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Dent Mater" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "208" "paginaFinal" => "213" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9758976" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S001650850900821X" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00165085" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/1870199X/0000001900000003/v2_201602290913/S1870199X16000409/v2_201602290913/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "46121" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original research" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/1870199X/0000001900000003/v2_201602290913/S1870199X16000409/v2_201602290913/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1870199X16000409?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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| 2022 June | 11 | 7 | 18 |
| 2022 May | 14 | 8 | 22 |
| 2022 April | 25 | 8 | 33 |
| 2022 March | 27 | 10 | 37 |
| 2022 February | 41 | 5 | 46 |
| 2022 January | 22 | 7 | 29 |
| 2021 December | 18 | 7 | 25 |
| 2021 November | 24 | 8 | 32 |
| 2021 October | 20 | 10 | 30 |
| 2021 September | 24 | 18 | 42 |
| 2021 August | 8 | 5 | 13 |
| 2021 July | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| 2021 June | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2021 May | 20 | 7 | 27 |
| 2021 April | 71 | 22 | 93 |
| 2021 March | 27 | 7 | 34 |
| 2021 February | 13 | 8 | 21 |
| 2021 January | 24 | 12 | 36 |
| 2020 December | 18 | 5 | 23 |
| 2020 November | 31 | 7 | 38 |
| 2020 October | 21 | 6 | 27 |
| 2020 September | 17 | 10 | 27 |
| 2020 August | 18 | 7 | 25 |
| 2020 July | 22 | 7 | 29 |
| 2020 June | 22 | 1 | 23 |
| 2020 May | 26 | 7 | 33 |
| 2020 April | 30 | 6 | 36 |
| 2020 March | 22 | 14 | 36 |
| 2020 February | 15 | 6 | 21 |
| 2020 January | 18 | 4 | 22 |
| 2019 December | 27 | 7 | 34 |
| 2019 November | 19 | 4 | 23 |
| 2019 October | 13 | 5 | 18 |
| 2019 September | 20 | 5 | 25 |
| 2019 August | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2019 July | 24 | 7 | 31 |
| 2019 June | 39 | 12 | 51 |
| 2019 May | 65 | 16 | 81 |
| 2019 April | 36 | 15 | 51 |
| 2019 March | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2019 February | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| 2019 January | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 2018 December | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2018 November | 15 | 0 | 15 |
| 2018 October | 22 | 17 | 39 |
| 2018 September | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2018 August | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 July | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2018 June | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2018 May | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2018 April | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2018 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 February | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2018 January | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2017 December | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2017 November | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2017 October | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2017 September | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2017 August | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2017 July | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2017 June | 15 | 1 | 16 |
| 2017 May | 15 | 1 | 16 |
| 2017 April | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| 2017 March | 10 | 43 | 53 |
| 2017 February | 12 | 3 | 15 |
| 2017 January | 13 | 0 | 13 |
| 2016 December | 19 | 2 | 21 |
| 2016 November | 9 | 1 | 10 |
| 2016 October | 28 | 2 | 30 |
| 2016 September | 86 | 0 | 86 |
| 2016 August | 30 | 1 | 31 |
| 2016 July | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Show all