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Vol. 29. Issue 2.
Pages 132-139 (July - December 2011)
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Vol. 29. Issue 2.
Pages 132-139 (July - December 2011)
Open Access
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in a Portuguese hospital and its risk perception by health care professionals
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David Peresa,b, Elaine Pinac, Margarida Fonseca Cardosod,e,f,
Corresponding author
mcard@icbas.up.pt

Corresponding author.
a Infection Control Unit, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
b Grupo Coordenador Regional de Controlo de Infecção, Administração Regional de Saúde do Norte, Porto, Portugal
c Programa Nacional de Controlo de Infecção, Direcção-Geral da Saúde, Lisboa, Portugal
d ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
e CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Porto, Portugal
f ISPUP - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Article information
Abstract
Objective

To describe the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and to assess its perception by healthcare professionals.

Design

Survey, through a two-part questionnaire.

Setting

A 441-bed district general hospital.

Participants

Part I - Inpatients over 16 years of age, in whom a non-nasal MRSA was isolated between February and August of 2005. Part II - nurses and doctors responsible for these patients.

Methods

Part I – Demographic and clinical data collected from medical notes. Part II – Perception of doctors and nurses. Observed agreement and “Kappa” statistic were used to compare perceptions. A P value lower than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results

Of the 111 patients identified, 50.9% had history of hospitalization during the previous year, with high exposure to antimicrobial therapy and invasive procedures. Hospital stay was 4.5 times higher than the average inpatients and mortality 5.5 times higher. Proportion of MRSA was 60.0%, with an incidence density of 1.66%.

Although agreement between nurses and doctors was low, the majority admitted nosocomial origin of the MRSA and its transmission through the hands of professionals. Reinforcement of hand hygiene was considered important to manage these patients by 69.4% of nurses and 64.9% of doctors. Additionally, all nurses and 89.4% of doctors agreed on the need to isolate these patients.

Conclusions

High endemic level of MRSA detected in a susceptible population, associated with a lower awareness of management of these patients by doctors, compared with nurses, justifies a global programme to control MRSA. This programme should include consensus-based measures for management of patients, rational use of antimicrobials, and dynamic and focused educational programmes.

Keywords:
MRSA Infection control
Risk perception
Portugal
Resumo
Objectivo

Descrever e analisar a epidemiologia do Staphyloccocus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA) num hospital distrital de 441 camas do Grande Porto, bem como a percepção que enfermeiros e médicos têm do problema.

Desenho do estudo

Estudo transversal descritivo, através da aplicação de um inquérito de duas partes.

Definição

Um hospital distrital de 441 camas.

Participantes

Parte I - doentes internados com mais de 16 anos em que foi detectado MRSA não nasal, entre Fevereiro e Agosto de 2005. Parte II – enfermeiros e médicos responsáveis pela prestação de cuidados aos referidos doentes.

Métodos

Parte I - recolha de dados demográficos, clínicos e factores de risco dos processos dos doentes. Parte II - aplicação de um inquérito a enfermeiros e médicos para análise das suas percepções. O acordo observado e a estatística “Kappa” foram utilizados para comparar as respostas entre classes de profissionais. O nível de significância adoptado foi de 5%.

Resultados

Dos 111 casos estudados, 50,9% tinham historial de internamentos até há um ano atrás e 83,8% haviam estado expostos a antibioticoterapia prévia. O tempo de internamento foi 4,5 vezes maior que a média da população internada neste hospital, e a mortalidade 5,5 vezes maior.

A prevalência de MRSA foi de 60,0% e a densidade de incidência de 1,66 casos por mil dias de internamento. A grande maioria dos profissionais admite que o MRSA é adquirido no ambiente hospitalar e que são as mãos dos profissionais de saúde a principal via de transmissão. Como medidas para gerir doentes com MRSA, 69,4% dos enfermeiros e 64,9% dos médicos referem o reforço da higienização das mãos, a totalidade dos enfermeiros e 89,4% dos médicos concordam com a necessidade de algum tipo de medidas de isolamento.

Conclusões

Constatou-se a existência de altos valores endémicos de MRSA. Os profissionais têm a percepção da associação do MRSA aos cuidados de saúde, bem como a importância das mãos dos profissionais como veículo de transmissão, no entanto a classe médica está menos sensibilizada para as medidas de gestão para estes doentes. Parece justificar-se um programa global para controlo deste microrganismo, na gestão de doentes colonizados ou infectados por MRSA, na utilização racional dos antibióticos, bem como a formação dos profissionais de saúde, com um carácter mais dinâmico e dirigido.

Palavras-chave:
MRSA Controlo da infecção
Percepção do risco
Portugal
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