covid
Buscar en
Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones
Toda la web
Inicio Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones Looking down from above: Measuring downward maintenance communication and explor...
Journal Information
Vol. 31. Issue 1.
Pages 41-50 (January - April 2015)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 31. Issue 1.
Pages 41-50 (January - April 2015)
Open Access
Looking down from above: Measuring downward maintenance communication and exploring Theory X/Y assumptions as determinants of its expression
Mirar desde arriba: medición de la comunicación descendente de mantenimiento y exploración de los supuestos de la teoría X/Y como determinantes de su expresión
Visits
4724
Kevin L. Sager
Corresponding author
ksager2@alaska.edu

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kevin L. Sager, Department of Communication. University of Alaska Fairbanks. Fairbanks, AK 99775.
University of Alaska Fairbanks, U.S.A.
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Abstract
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Abstract

The present study examined the degree to which superiors’ downward maintenance communication could be predicted from their Theory X/Y assumptions. In the first phase of the study, a self-report measure of downward maintenance communication was developed. Principal components analysis yielded three categories of maintenance communication: Downward Confirmation, Downward Conflict Avoidance, and Downward Civility. Regression analysis was performed in phase two. As hypothesized, Theory X orientation was a significant negative predictor of Downward Confirmation, and Theory Y orientation was a significant positive predictor of both Downward Confirmation and Downward Civility.

Keywords:
Interpersonal communication in the workplace
Cognition and communication
Theory X
Theory Y
Downward maintenance communication
Relational schemata
Personnel selection
Resumen

Este estudio analizó el grado en el que puede predecirse por parte de los superiores la comunicación descendente de mantenimiento a partir de los supuestos de la teoría X/Y. En la primera fase del estudio se desarrollo una medida de autoinforme de la comunicación descendente de mantenimiento. El análisis de componentes principales dio como resultado tres categorías de comunicación de mantenimiento: confirmación descendente, evitación del conflicto descendente y urbanidad descendente. En una segunda fase se realizó un análisis de regresión. Tal y como se había planteado en la hipótesis, la orientación hacia la teoría X fue un predictor negativo significativo de la confirmación descendente y la orientación hacia la teoría Y fue un predictor positivo significativo tanto de la confirmación como de la urbanidad descendentes.

Palabras clave:
Comunicación interpersonal en el trabajo
Conocimiento y comunicación
Teoría X
Teoría Y
Comunicación descendente de mantenimiento
Esquemas relacionales
Selección de personal
References
[Andersen, 1993]
P.A. Andersen.
Cognitive schemata in personal relationships.
Individuals in relationships, pp. 1-29
[Ashforth, 1994]
B.E. Ashforth.
Petty tyranny in organizations.
Human Relations, 47 (1994), pp. 755-778
[Ashforth, 1997]
B.E. Ashforth.
Petty tyranny in organizations: A preliminary examination of antecedents and consequences.
Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 14 (1997), pp. 126-140
[Baldwin, 1992]
M.W. Baldwin.
Relational schemas and the processing of social information.
Psychological Bulletin, 112 (1992), pp. 461-484
[Bandura, 1994]
Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In V. S. Ramachaudran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 71-81). New York: Academic Press.
[Callanan et al., 2006]
G.A. Callanan, C.D. Benzing, D.F. Perri.
Choice of conflict-handling strategy: A matter of context.
The Journal of Psychology, 140 (2006), pp. 269-288
[Cissna and Sieburg, 1981]
Cissna, K.N. L., & Sieburg, E. (1981). Patterns of interactional confirmation and disconfirmation. In C. Wilder-Mott & J. H. Weakland (Eds.), Rigor & imagination: Essays from the legacy of Gregory Bateson (pp. 253-282). New York, NY: Praeger.
[Comrey and Lee, 1992]
A.L. Comrey, H.B. Lee.
A first course in factor analysis.
2nd ed., Lawrence Erlbaum, (1992),
[Dainton and Stafford, 2000]
M. Dainton, L. Stafford.
Predicting maintenance enactment from relational schemata, spousal behavior, and relational characteristics.
Communication Research Reports, 17 (2000), pp. 171-180
[Disbrow and Prentice, 2009]
L.M. Disbrow, C.M. Prentice.
Perceptions of civility.
American Communication Journal, 11 (2009), pp. 1-14
[Field, 2005]
A. Field.
Discovering statistics using SPSS.
2nd ed., Sage, (2005),
[Fiman, 1973]
B.G. Fiman.
An investigation of the relationships among supervisory attitudes, behaviors, and outputs: An examination of McGregor's Theory Y.
Personnel Psychology, 26 (1973), pp. 95-105
[Fitzpatrick, 1988]
M.A. Fitzpatrick.
Between husbands and wives: Communication in marriages.
Sage, (1988),
[Fleishman and Salter, 1963]
E.A. Fleishman, J.A. Salter.
Relation between the leader's behavior and his empathy toward subordinates.
Journal of Industrial Psychology, 1 (1963), pp. 79-84
[Henderson and Argyle, 1986]
M. Henderson, M. Argyle.
The informal rules of working relationships.
Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 7 (1986), pp. 259-275
[Kachigan, 1991]
S.K. Kachigan.
Multivariate statistical analysis: A conceptual introduction.
2nd ed., Radius Press, (1991),
[Kaplan, 1975]
R.E. Kaplan.
Maintaining interpersonal relationships: A bipolar theory.
Interpersonal Development, 6 (1975), pp. 106-119
[Kaplan, 1978]
R.E. Kaplan.
Maintaining relationships openly: Case study of “Total Openness” in a communal organization.
Human Relations, 31 (1978), pp. 375-393
[Kaplan, 1979]
R.E. Kaplan.
The utility of maintaining work relationships openly: An experimental study.
The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 15 (1979), pp. 41-59
[Larsson et al., 2007]
J. Larsson, S. Vinberg, H. Wiklund.
Leadership, quality and health: Using McGregor's X and Y theory for analyzing values in relation to methodologies and outcomes.
Total Quality Management, 18 (2007), pp. 1147-1168
[Lee, 1998a]
J. Lee.
Effective maintenance communication in superior-subordinate relationships.
Western Journal of Communication, 62 (1998), pp. 181-208
[Lee, 1998b]
J. Lee.
Maintenance communication in superior-subordinate relationships: An exploratory investigation of group social context and the “Pelz Effect.”.
Southern Communication Journal, 63 (1998), pp. 144-157
[Lee and Jablin, 1995]
J. Lee, F.M. Jablin.
Maintenance communication in superior-subordinate work relationships.
Human Communication Research, 22 (1995), pp. 220-257
[McGregor, 1960]
D. McGregor.
The human side of enterprise.
McGraw-Hill, (1960),
[Neuliep, 1987]
J.W. Neuliep.
The influence of Theory X and Theory Y management styles on the selection of compliance-gaining strategies.
Communication Research Reports, 4 (1987), pp. 14-19
[Pierce et al., 1997]
T. Pierce, M.W. Baldwin, J.E. Lydon.
A relational schema approach to social support.
Sourcebook of social support and personality, pp. 19-47
[Ragins and Verbos, 2007]
B.R. Ragins, A.K. Verbos.
Positive relationships in action: Relational mentoring and mentoring schemas in the workplace.
Exploring positive relationships at work: Building a theoretical and research foundation, pp. 91-116
[Russ, 2011]
T.L. Russ.
Theory X/Y assumptions as predictors of managers’ propensity for participative decision making.
Management Decision, 49 (2011), pp. 823-836
[Sager, 2008]
K.L. Sager.
An exploratory study of the relationships between Theory X/Y assumptions and superior communicator style.
Management Communication Quarterly, 22 (2008), pp. 288-312
[Smith, 1995]
S.W. Smith.
Perceptual processing of nonverbal-relational messages.
The cognitive bases of interpersonal communication, pp. 87-112
[Soper, 2013]
Soper, D.S. (2013). Post-hoc statistical power calculator for hierarchical multiple regression [software]. Available from http://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc
[Stolte, 1983]
J.F. Stolte.
The legitimation of structural inequality: Reformulation and test of the self-evaluation argument.
American Sociological Review, 48 (1983), pp. 331-342
[Tepper, 1995]
B.J. Tepper.
Upward maintenance tactics in supervisory mentoring and nonmentoring relationships.
Academy of Management Journal, 38 (1995), pp. 1191-1205
[Thibaut and Kelley, 1959]
J.W. Thibaut, H.H. Kelley.
The social psychology of groups.
Wiley, (1959),
[Waldron, 1991]
V.R. Waldron.
Achieving communication goals in superior-subordinate relationships: The multi-functionality of upward maintenance tactics.
Communication Monographs, 58 (1991), pp. 289-306
[Waldron and Hunt, 1992]
V.R. Waldron, M.D. Hunt.
Hierarchical level, length, and quality of supervisory relationship as predictors of subordinates’ use of maintenance tactics.
Communication Reports, 5 (1992), pp. 82-89
[Waldron et al., 1993]
V.R. Waldron, M.D. Hunt, M. Dsilva.
Towards a threat management model of upward communication: A study of influence and maintenance tactics in the leader-member dyad.
Communication Studies, 44 (1993), pp. 254-272
[Wang et al., 2012]
Q. Wang, E.L. Fink, D.A. Cai.
The effect of conflict goals on avoidance strategies: What does not communicating communicate?.
Human Communication Research, 38 (2012), pp. 222-252
[Weigel and Ballard-Reisch, 1999]
D.J. Weigel, D.S. Ballard-Reisch.
All marriages are not maintained equally: Marital type, marital quality, and the use of maintenance behaviors.
Personal Relationships, 6 (1999), pp. 291-303
[Wu and Hu, 2009]
T.-Y. Wu, C. Hu.
Abusive supervision and employee emotional exhaustion: Dispositional antecedents and boundaries. Group and Organization Management.
, 34 (2009), pp. 143-169
Article options