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Inicio Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) Age at onset in bipolar I disorder: two may be better than three subgroups
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Vol. 2. Issue 1.
Pages 29-34 (January 2009)
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Vol. 2. Issue 1.
Pages 29-34 (January 2009)
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Age at onset in bipolar I disorder: two may be better than three subgroups
Implicaciones clínicas de la edad de inicio del trastorno bipolar I: dos subgrupos con diferente pronóstico
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Ana González Pintoa,
Corresponding author
, Sara Barbeitoa, Francisco José Díazb, Patricia Vegaa, Fernando Mosqueraa, Purificación Lópeza, Susana Albericha, Sonia Ruiz de Azuaa, Amaia Ugartea, Manuel Martínc, José de Leónb
a Department of Psychiatry, Santiago Apóstol Hospital, Basque Country Mental Health System, Vitoria, Spain
b Mental Health Research Center at Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
c Padre Menni Psychiatric Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
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Article information
Abstract
Introduction and objective

Age at onset in bipolar disorder is related to prognosis and to treatment response. However, it is not clear if there are three or two subgroups in relation to age at onset. The objective of this study is to analyze the number of subgroups in relation to age at the beginning of the disease in a representative sample of bipolar I patients and to compare the subgroups in relation to clinical variables.

Method

We included 169 patients diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. Normal mixture analysis was performed. The subgroups of patients formed above were compared regarding clinical characteristics. Patients were followed-up during six years.

Results

We found three ages at onset subgroups. The early onset group (18.2±2 years) included 34% of the patients. The second group (26.1±5.5 years) included 44% of the patients. The third group (50.9±9.1 years) included 22% of the patients. Early and intermediate onset groups were not signifi cantly different, and had more family history of affective disorders, more psychotic symptoms, more history of suicide attempts and more history of drug abuse history than the late onset group.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that there are three groups of age at onset but early and intermediate groups are similar in relation to clinical variables. The late onset group includes almost a quartile of patients and has different clinical profile.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorder
Manic depressive illness
Age at onset
Normal distribution
Family history
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

La edad de inicio en el trastorno bipolar es crucial para establecer el pronóstico y el tratamiento. Hay una gran controversia sobre si existen dos o tres subgrupos diferenciados de inicio y si éstos difieren lo suficiente como para clasificar la enfermedad en función de su edad de aparición. Nuestro objetivo es agrupar una muestra representativa en función de su edad de inicio, y comparar características clínicas de subgrupos.

Método

Se incluyó a 169 pacientes bipolares tipo I tras firmar el consentimiento informado. Se realizó un estudio de los grupos de edad de inicio mediante un análisis mixto.

Se consideraron antecedentes familiares, intentos de suicidio y síntomas psicóticos. Los grupos obtenidos se compararon con estas variables. El seguimiento duró 6 años.

Resultados

Encontramos 3 subgrupos de edades de inicio. El primero tuvo un inicio a los 18,2±2 años (el 34% de los pacientes). El segundo, a los 26,1±5,5 años (el 44% de los pacientes); el tercero inició a los 50,9±9,1 años (el 22% de los pacientes). Hubo diferencias significativas del tercer subgrupo con respecto a los otros grupos. Los pacientes del primer grupo y el intermedio tuvieron más antecedentes familiares de trastorno bipolar, más síntomas psicóticos e intentos de suicidio y mayor riesgo de historia de consumo de drogas que el grupo de inicio tardío.

Conclusiones

Nuestros resultados indican que hay tres grupos de edad de inicio de trastorno bipolar, aunque pueden agruparse en dos en cuanto a las características familiares, clínicas y pronósticas. Hay resultados diferenciados en el grupo de inicio tardío.

Palabras clave:
Trastorno bipolar
Enfermedad maníaco-depresiva
Edad de inicio
Distribución normal
Historia familia
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