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Inicio Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) Attitude Toward Antipsychotic Medication as a Predictor of Antipsychotic Treatme...
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Vol. 1. Issue 1.
Pages 10-17 (January 2008)
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Vol. 1. Issue 1.
Pages 10-17 (January 2008)
Original articles
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Attitude Toward Antipsychotic Medication as a Predictor of Antipsychotic Treatment Discontinuation in First-Episode Early-Onset Psychosis
Actitud respecto a la medicación antipsicótica como factor predictivo de la suspensión del tratamiento antipsicótico en el período inicial de la psicosis de inicio temprano
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David Fraguas, Cloe Llorente, Marta Rapado-Castro, Mara Parellada, Dolores Moreno, Ana Ruiz-Sancho, Óscar Medina, Mar Álvarez-Segura, María J. de Castro, Celso Arango
Corresponding author
carango@hggm.es

Corresponding author.
Unidad de Adolescentes, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM
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Abstract
Background

Antipsychotic drug discontinuation is a key risk factor in psychosis relapses. Clinical relapse is related to poor outcome, especially in the earlier stages of psychotic illness. The attitude toward treatment during the acute phase of a first episode of psychosis has been proposed as one of the main determinants of treatment discontinuation. However, the relationship between attitude toward antipsychotic medication and treatment discontinuation in the adolescent population has not been properly assessed.

Methods

Adolescents, aged 12–18 years old, consecutively admitted to an adolescent unit with a first lifetime admission for a first episode of psychosis were asked to participate in a randomized, flexible-dose, 6-month controlled trial of olanzapine versus quetiapine. Attitude toward antipsychotic medication was assessed using the 10-item Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI). The outcome variable was all-cause treatment discontinuation over the 6-month follow-up. The study sample was composed of 42 patients (34 boys [82.9%], 8 girls [17.1%]; mean age [SD], 16.1 [1.3]).

Results

Of the 42 patients, only 29 (69%) continued the medication throught the entire 6-month follow-up, while 13 (31%) discontinued the medication. DAI scores were greater than zero at all assessments, indicating that the general attitude of the patients toward medication was positive. Higher DAI scores at baseline were related to lower all-cause treatment discontinuation (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.81 [95% CI, 0.68–0.96], P=.016), while DAI scores at 15 days were unrelated to treatment discontinuation (adjusted HR = 1.0 [95% CI, 0.82–1.23], P=.998).

Conclusions

A better attitude toward antipsychotic medication at a first lifetime psychiatric admission for a first early-onset psychotic episode was significantly related to lower all-cause antipsychotic treatment discontinuation.

Key words:
Psychosis
Adolescent
First episode
Antipsychotic
Discontinuation
Attitude toward medication
Resumen
Antecedentes

La suspensión de la medicación antipsicótica constituye un factor de riesgo clave para las recurrencias en la psicosis. La recurrencia clínica está relacionada con una mala evolución, en especial en las fases más tempranas de la enfermedad psicótica. Se ha propuesto que la actitud respecto al tratamiento durante la fase aguda de un primer episodio de psicosis es uno de los principales factores determinantes de la suspensión del tratamiento. Sin embargo, la relación entre la actitud respecto a la medicación antipsicótica y la suspensión del tratamiento no se ha evaluado adecuadamente en una población adolescente.

Métodos

Se propuso a adolescentes, de entre 12 y 18 años, ingresados de forma consecutiva en una unidad de adolescentes en lo que constituía su primer ingreso como consecuencia del primer episodio de psicosis, la participación en un ensayo controlado, aleatorizado, de 6 meses, con dosis flexibles de olanzapina frente a quetiapina. Se evaluó la actitud respecto a la medicación antipsicótica utilizando el instrumento de 10 ítems Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI). La variable de valoración fue la suspensión del tratamiento por cualquier causa durante el seguimiento de 6 meses. La muestra de estudio la formaron 42 pacientes (34 varones [82,9%], 8 mujeres [17,1%]; edad media ± DE, 16,1±1,3).

Resultados

De los 42 pacientes, tan sólo 29 (69%) continuaron con la medicación durante todo el período de 6 meses de seguimiento, mientras que 13 (31%) suspendieron la medicación. Las puntuaciones del DAI fueron superiores a 0 en todas las valoraciones realizadas, lo que significa que la actitud general de los pacientes respecto a la medicación era positiva. La mayor puntuación del DAI en la situación basal estaba relacionada con una menor suspensión del tratamiento por cualquier causa (razón de riesgos [HR] ajustada = 0,81 [IC del 95%: 0,68–0,96], p=0,016), mientras que las puntuaciones del DAI a los 15 días no estaban relacionadas con la suspensión del tratamiento (HR ajustada = 1,0 [IC del 95%: 0,82–1,23], p=0,998).

Conclusiones

Una mejor actitud respecto a la medicación antipsicótica en el momento del primer ingreso psiquiátrico en la vida del paciente por un primer episodio psicótico de inicio temprano presentaba una relación significativa con una menor suspensión del tratamiento antipsicótico por cualquier causa.

Palabras clave:
Psicosis
Adolescente
Primer episodio
Antipsicótico
Suspensión
Actitud respecto a medicación
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