metricas
covid
Buscar en
Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) Clinical meaningful outcomes in schizophrenia: remission and recovery
Journal Information
Vol. 4. Issue 1.
Pages 53-65 (January 2011)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 4. Issue 1.
Pages 53-65 (January 2011)
Full text access
Clinical meaningful outcomes in schizophrenia: remission and recovery
Resultados clínicos relevantes en esquizofrenia: remisión y recuperación
Visits
1268
Antonio Ciudada,
Corresponding author
ciudad_antonio@lilly.com

Corresponding author.
, Julio Bobesb, Enric Álvarezc, Luis Sand, Diego Novicke, Inmaculada Gilabertea
a Departamento de Investigación Clínicac, Lilly S.A., Madrid, Spain
b Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CiberSam), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
c Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CiberSam), Barcelona, Spain
d Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital san Joan de Déu, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CiberSam), Barcelona, Spain
e Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
This item has received
Article information
Abstract

The traditional view of schizophrenia as a disabling and irremediably progressive disease is being reconsidered because of the evidences arising from long-term follow-up studies. On the other hand, recent advances of therapies have yielded significant functional improvements for some patients. Together, these facts are serving to raise treatment prospects, placing the focus on functional recovery. Although the availability of a valid set of consensus remission criteria has been an important step toward the definition of therapeutic objectives and the conceptualization of recovery, remission and recovery still are rare concepts in the setting of routine clinical practice. The present article includes a brief review of these concepts, and presents the results from two observational European studies that provide empirical data about the actual situation of ambulatory patients with schizophrenia in terms of symptomatic remission, and that help in advancing the conceptualization of recovery, contributing to the development of clinical and research definitional criteria. Such results indicate that remission of symptoms constitutes a realistic therapeutic goal in a number of patients, with a considerable temporal stability; on the other hand, recovery definitions should include functional and subjective dimensions. In conclusion, remission is a tenable and clinically valid concept, with a significant contribution to functional improvement. Meanwhile, the recovery construct still requires substantial development.

Keywords:
Schizophrenia
Functional Recovery
Review
Empirical Research
Resumen

La concepción de la esquizofrenia como una enfermedad incapacitante e indefectiblemente progresiva está en proceso de revisión gracias a las evidencias acumuladas en estudios de seguimiento a largo plazo. Los avances en el tratamiento, por otro lado, permiten mejorías funcionales contrastadas en algunos pacientes. Todo ello está provocando un aumento de las expectativas terapéuticas, orientadas hacia la recuperación funcional. Aunque la formulación de unos criterios de remisión consensuados y válidos ha sido un paso importante en la definición de los objetivos del tratamiento y en la conceptualización de la recuperación, los conceptos de remisión y recuperación aún se utilizan poco en el contexto de la práctica clínica habitual.

En el presente artículo se incluye una revisión breve de estos conceptos, y se presentan los resultados de dos estudios observacionales europeos que aportan datos empíricos que permiten conocer cuál es la situación real de los pacientes ambulatorios con esquizofrenia en términos de remisión sintomática y, adicionalmente, avanzar en la conceptualización de la recuperación, lo que contribuye al desarrollo de unos criterios de definición clínicos y de investigación. Según estos resultados, la remisión de síntomas es un objetivo terapéutico realista en un número significativo de pacientes y presenta una estabilidad considerable en el tiempo; por su parte, las definiciones de recuperación deben incluir aspectos funcionales y subjetivos. En conclusión, la remisión es un concepto viable y clínicamente válido, y que favorece notablemente la mejoría funcional; mientras, el concepto de recuperación aún está en proceso de definición.

Palabras clave:
Esquizofrenia
Recuperación funcional
Revisión
Investigación empírica
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1.]
J. Bobes, A. Ciudad, E. Alvarez, L. San, P. Polavieja, I. Gilaberte.
Recovery from schizophrenia: results from a 1-year follow-up observational study of patients in symptomatic remission.
Schizophr Res, 115 (2009), pp. 58-66
[2.]
A. Ciudad, E. Alvarez, J. Bobes, L. San, P. Polavieja, I. Gilaberte.
Remission in schizophrenia: results from a 1-year follow-up observational study.
Schizophr Res, 108 (2009), pp. 214-222
[3.]
J.M. Haro, D. Novick, D. Suarez, J. Alonso, J.P. Lépine, M. Ratcliffe.
Remission and relapse in the outpatient care of schizophrenia: three-year results from the Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes study.
J Clin Psychopharmacol, 26 (2006), pp. 571-578
[4.]
D. Novick, J.M. Haro, D. Suarez, E. Vieta, D. Naber.
Recovery in the outpatient setting: 36-month results from the Schizophrenia Outpatients Health Outcomes (SOHO) study.
Schizophr Res, 108 (2009), pp. 223-230
[5.]
R.M. Barclay.
[Dementia praecox and paraphrenia].
Edinburgh, (1919),
[6.]
L. Bellack.
Schizophrenia: a review of the syndrome.
Logos, (1958),
[7.]
N.S. Kline.
Synopsis of Eugen Bleuler's Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias.
International Universities Press, (1952),
[8.]
DSM-II.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
American Psychiatric Association, (1980),
[9.]
L. Ciompi.
Catamnestic long-term study on the course of life and aging of schizophrenics.
Schizophr Bull, 6 (1980), pp. 606-618
[10.]
C.M. Harding, G.W. Brooks, T. Ashikaga, J.S. Strauss, A. Breier.
The Vermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mental illness II: Long-term outcome of subjects who retrospectively met DSM-II criteria for schizophrenia.
Am J Psychiatry, 144 (1987), pp. 727-735
[11.]
G. Harrison, K. Hopper, T. Craig, E. Laska, C. Siegel, J. Wanderling, et al.
Recovery from psychotic illness: a 15- and 25-year international follow-up study.
Br J Psychiatry, 178 (2001), pp. 506-517
[12.]
M. Harrow, L.S. Grossman, T.H. Jobe, E.S. Herbener.
Do patients with schizophrenia ever show periods of recovery? A 15-year multi-follow-up study.
Schizophr Bull, 31 (2005), pp. 723-734
[13.]
G. Huber, G. Gross, R. Schüttler, M. Linz.
Longitudinal studies of schizophrenic patients.
Schizophr Bull, 6 (1980), pp. 592-605
[14.]
K. Ogawa, M. Miya, A. Watarai, M. Nakazawa, S. Yuasa, H. Utena.
A long-term follow-up study of schizophrenia in Japan--with special reference to the course of social adjustment.
Br J Psychiatry, 151 (1987), pp. 758-765
[15.]
D.G. Robinson, M.G. Woerner, M. McMeniman, A. Mendelowitz, R.M. Bilder.
Symptomatic and functional recovery from a first episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
Am J Psychiatry, 161 (2004), pp. 473-479
[16.]
Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia..
American Psychiatric Association.
Am J Psychiatry, 154 (1997), pp. 1-63
[17.]
G. Remington, G. Foussias, O. Agid.
Progress in defining optimal treatment outcome in schizophrenia.
[18.]
S. Leucht, R. Lasser.
The concepts of remission and recovery in schizophrenia.
Pharmacopsychiatry, 39 (2006), pp. 161-170
[19.]
E. Frank, R.F. Prien, R.B. Jarrett, M.B. Keller, D.J. Kupfer, P.W. Lavori, et al.
Conceptualization and rationale for consensus definitions of terms in major depressive disorder. Remission, recovery, relapse, and recurrence.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 48 (1991), pp. 851-855
[20.]
I.N. Ferrier.
Characterizing the ideal antidepressant therapy to achieve remission.
J Clin Psychiatry, 62 (2001), pp. 10-15
[21.]
A.A. Nierenberg, E.C. Wright.
Evolution of remission as the new standard in the treatment of depression.
J Clin Psychiatry, 60 (1999), pp. 7-11
[22.]
M.E. Thase.
Redefining antidepressant efficacy toward long-term recovery.
J Clin Psychiatry, 60 (1999), pp. 15-19
[23.]
N.C. Andreasen, W.T. Carpenter, J.M. Kane, R.A. Lasser, S.R. Marder, D.R. Weinberger.
Remission in schizophrenia: proposed criteria and rationale for consensus.
Am J Psychiatry, 162 (2005), pp. 441-449
[24.]
M. Bousoño, Grupo GEOPTE (Grupo Español para la Optimización del Tratamiento en la Esquizofrena).
La funcionalidad como objetivo en el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr, 30 (2002), pp. 312-325
[25.]
J. van Os.
Is there a continuum of psychotic experiences in the general population?.
Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc, 12 (2003), pp. 242-252
[26.]
J.P. Docherty, C.A. Bossie, B. Lachaux, P. Bouhours, Y. Zhu, R. Lasser, et al.
Patient-based and clinician-based support for the remission criteria in schizophrenia.
Int Clin Psychopharmacol, 22 (2007), pp. 51-55
[27.]
R.A. Lasser, C.A. Bossie, G.M. Gharabawi, J.M. Kane.
Remission in schizophrenia: Results from a 1-year study of long-acting risperidone injection.
Schizophr Res, 77 (2005), pp. 215-227
[28.]
S. Leucht, R. Beitinger, W. Kissling.
On the concept of remission in schizophrenia.
Psychopharmacology (Berl), 194 (2007), pp. 453-461
[29.]
A. Malla, R. Norman, N. Schmitz, R. Manchanda, L. Bechard-Evans, J. Takhar, et al.
Predictors of rate and time to remission in first-episode psychosis: a two-year outcome study.
Psychol Med, 36 (2006), pp. 649-658
[30.]
L. Wunderink, F.J. Nienhuis, S. Sytema, D. Wiersma.
Predictive validity of proposed remission criteria in first-episode schizophrenic patients responding to antipsychotics.
Schizophr Bull, 33 (2007), pp. 792-796
[31.]
M. De Hert, R. van Winkel, M. Wampers, J. Kane, J. van Os, J. Peuskens.
Remission criteria for schizophrenia: Evaluation in a large naturalistic cohort.
Schizophr Res, 92 (2007), pp. 68-73
[32.]
L. Helldin, J.M. Kane, U. Karilampi, T. Norlander, T. Archer.
Remission in prognosis of functional outcome: a new dimension in the treatment of patients with psychotic disorders.
Schizophr Res, 93 (2007), pp. 160-168
[33.]
J. van Os, M. Drukker, J. à Campo, J. Meijer, M. Bak, P. Delespaul.
Validation of remission criteria for schizophrenia.
Am J Psychiatry, 163 (2006), pp. 2000-2002
[34.]
L. Helldin, J.M. Kane, U. Karilampi, T. Norlander, T. Archer.
Remission and cognitive ability in a cohort of patients with schizophrenia.
J Psychiatr Res, 40 (2006), pp. 738-745
[35.]
M.C. Opler, L.H. Yang, S. Caleo, P. Alberti.
Statistical validation of the criteria for symptom remission in schizophrenia: preliminary findings.
BMC Psychiatry, 7 (2007), pp. 35
[36.]
J. van Os, T. Burns, R. Cavallaro, S. Leucht, J. Peuskens, L. Helldin, et al.
Standardized remission criteria in schizophrenia.
Acta Psychiatr Scand, 113 (2006), pp. 91-95
[37.]
S.M. Silverstein, A.S. Bellack.
A scientific agenda for the concept of recovery as it applies to schizophrenia.
Clin Psychol Rev, 28 (2008), pp. 1108-1124
[38.]
R.P. Liberman, A. Kopelowicz, J. Ventura, D. Gutkind.
Operational criteria and factors related to recovery from schizophrenia.
Int Rev Psychiatry, 14 (2002), pp. 256-272
[39.]
A.S. Bellack.
Scientific and consumer models of recovery in schizophrenia: concordance, contrasts, and implications.
Schizophr Bull, 32 (2006), pp. 432-442
[40.]
N. Jacobson, D. Greenley.
What is recovery? A conceptual model and explication.
Psychiatr Serv, 52 (2001), pp. 482-485
[41.]
L. Kleinman, J. Lieberman, S. Dube, R. Mohs, Y. Zhao, B. Kinon, et al.
Development and psychometric performance of the schizophrenia objective functioning instrument: an interviewer administered measure of function.
Schizophr Res, 107 (2009), pp. 275-285
[42.]
C.R. Bowie, A. Reichenberg, T.L. Patterson, R.K. Heaton, P.D. Harvey.
Determinants of real-world functional performance in schizophrenia subjects: correlations with cognition, functional capacity, and symptoms.
Am J Psychiatry, 163 (2006), pp. 418-425
[43.]
J.M. Haro, S. Ochoa, M. Gervin, V. Mavreas, P. Jones.
Assessment of remission in schizophrenia with the CGI and CGI-SCH scales.
Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115 (2007), pp. 163-164
[44.]
P.D. Harvey, A.S. Bellack.
Toward a terminology for functional recovery in schizophrenia: is functional remission a viable concept?.
Schizophr Bull, 35 (2009), pp. 300-306
[45.]
A. Bystritsky, R.P. Liberman, S. Hwang, C.J. Wallace, T. Vapnik, K. Maindment, et al.
Social functioning and quality of life comparisons between obsessive-compulsive and schizophrenic disorders.
Depress Anxiety, 14 (2001), pp. 214-218
[46.]
R.P. Liberman, A. Kopelowicz.
Recovery from schizophrenia: a concept in search of research.
Psychiatr Serv, 56 (2005), pp. 735-742
[47.]
D.O. Perkins, H. Gu, P.J. Weiden, J.P. McEvoy, R.M. Hamer, J.A. Lieberman.
Predictors of treatment discontinuation and medication nonadherence in patients recovering from a first episode of schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, or schizoaffective disorder: a randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose, multicenter study.
J Clin Psychiatry, 69 (2008), pp. 106-113
[48.]
L.A. Auslander, D.V. Jeste.
Sustained remission of schizophrenia among community-dwelling older outpatients.
Am J Psychiatry, 161 (2004), pp. 1490-1493
[49.]
G.H. Pijnenborg, F.K. Withaar, J.J. Evans, R.J. van den Bosch, M.E. Timmerman, W.H. Brouwer.
The predictive value of measures of social cognition for community functioning in schizophrenia: implications for neuropsychological assessment.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 15 (2009), pp. 239-247
[50.]
F.J. Frese 3rd, E.L. Knight, E. Saks.
Recovery from schizophrenia: with views of psychiatrists, psychologists, and others diagnosed with this disorder.
Schizophr Bull, 35 (2009), pp. 370-380
[51.]
J.M. Haro, E.T. Edgell, P.B. Jones, J. Alonso, S. Gavart, K.J. Gregor, et al.
The European Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (SOHO) study: rationale, methods and recruitment.
Acta Psychiatr Scand, 107 (2003), pp. 222-232
[52.]
L. San, A. Ciudad, E. Alvarez, J. Bobes, I. Gilaberte.
Symptomatic remission and social/vocational functioning in outpatients with schizophrenia: prevalence and associations in a cross-sectional study.
Eur Psychiatry, 22 (2007), pp. 490-498
[53.]
N.C. Andreasen, S. Olsen.
Negative v positive schizophrenia. Definition and validation.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 39 (1982), pp. 789-794
[54.]
N.C. Andreasen.
Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Definition and reliability.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 39 (1982), pp. 784-788
Copyright © 2011. SEP y SEPB
Download PDF
Article options
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos