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Inicio Seminarios de la Fundación Española de Reumatología Brucelosis humana. Características clínicas con énfasis en las manifestacione...
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Vol. 6. Issue 3.
Pages 93-102 (September 2005)
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Vol. 6. Issue 3.
Pages 93-102 (September 2005)
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Brucelosis humana. Características clínicas con énfasis en las manifestaciones osteoarticulares
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José A. Gómez-Puertaa, Jaume Pomesb, Raimon Sanmartía
a Unidad de Artritis. Servicio de Reumatología. Hospital Clínic. Barcelona. España
b Servicio de Radiología. Hospital Clínic. Barcelona. España
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Resumen

La brucelosis humana es una zoonosis de distribución mundial, que afecta principalmente a la zona mediterránea, India, y Centro y Sudamérica. La brucelosis produce múltiples manifestaciones sistémicas, afectando principalmente al sistema genitourinario, el reticuloendotelial, el neurológico y el osteoarticular. Las principales manifestaciones osteoarticulares son la espondilitis, la sacroilitis y la artritis periférica. Otras manifestaciones osteoarticulares menos frecuentes incluyen la osteomielitis, la tenosinovitis, la bursitis y las mialgias. Es por tanto indispensable una alta sospecha clínica de brucelosis, especialmente en las zonas endémicas, en aquellos cuadros febriles de origen incierto con afección sistémica y articular.

En esta revisión se describen los principales aspectos epidemiológicos, patogénicos, clínicos, de diagnóstico (incluidas las pruebas de imagen) y los aspectos terapéuticos de la brucelosis, con especial énfasis en las manifestaciones osteoarticulares, basados en las grandes series publicadas de pacientes con brucelosis y afección osteoarticular.

Palabras clave:
Brucelosis
Artritis
Espondilitis
Sacroilitis
Osteomielitis
Abstract

Human brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis, with a major presence in Medetirranean area, India, Central and South America. The clinical manifestations of brucellosis are protean, affecting mainly genitourinary tract, reticuloendothelial, nervous and musculoskeletal systems. The main rheumatic features include spondylitis, sacroilitis and peripheral arthritis. Other less common manifestations are osteomyelitis, tenosynovitis, bursitis and myalgias. It is neccesary bear in mind in endemic areas, a diagnosis of brucellosis, in those cases with fever with joint and systemic involvement of uncertain origin.

We review here, the different epidemiologic, pathogenic, clinical and diagnostic aspects (including image findings) of brucellosis, with special emphasis in the osteoarticular involvement, based on previous published large series of patients with brucellosis and joint involvement.

Key words:
Brucellosis
Arthritis
Spondylitis
Sacroilitis
Osteomyelitis
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Bibliografía
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Copyright © 2005. Sociedad Española de Reumatología
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