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Vol. 25. Issue 2.
Pages 228-232 (April - June 2024)
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Vol. 25. Issue 2.
Pages 228-232 (April - June 2024)
Original article
Analysis of the level of protective serum antibody after third dose of different COVID-19 vaccines
Análisis del nivel de anticuerpos séricos protectores tras la tercera dosis de diferentes vacunas contra la COVID-19
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Atena Mansouria,
,1
, Mitra Rafieea, Seyed-Alireza Esmaeilib,c, Saboura Nikpourc,d, Alireza Fereidounic,d, Mohammad Fereidounia,
,1
a Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
b Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
c Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
d Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Table 1. A statistical analysis of the demographic characteristics of vaccine recipients.
Special issue
This article is part of special issue:
COVID-19: impacto de la Vacuna - COVID-19: Vaccine impact

Edited by: Dra. Núria Torner CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica CIBERESP Unitat de Medicina Preventiva i Salut Pública Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona

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Abstract

A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causing COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), is a member of the Coronaviridae family. The benefits of the primary COVID-19 vaccination far outweigh the risks. Nevertheless, the risks associated with too early and too frequent boosters should be considered, especially when vaccines have immune-mediated effects like myocarditis, which is more commonly associated with the second dose of some mRNA vaccines. Booster vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 are needed because of either reduced immunity to the original vaccine or evolved viruses producing immunity to the initial vaccine antigens. So, the aim of this study was to detect the difference in neutralizing anti-RBD antibodies between the third and second doses of COVID-19 vaccines. A study was performed among 29 eligible participants in Birjand (Iran). Blood samples were taken from all participants 2–4 weeks after the third dose. In the next step, humoral responses were assessed with a kit detecting neutralization of SARS-CoV-2. SPSS software version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used to analyze the data. The mean age of cases was 35.62±8.72 years, with a range of 21–53 years. The obtained results showed that all vaccines significantly had a higher efficacy in the third dose than the second. Participants who received Vaxzevria in the second dose and PastoCovac Plus in the third dose had more immunogenicity. According to the results of this study, a third dose of the vaccine should be given to persons aged ≥20 years to provide an increased level of protection against COVID-19. Especially, participants who received Sputnik-V and Vaxzevria in the second dose and PastoCovac Plus in the third dose showed a more effective immune response against the virus.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2
Vaxzevria
PastoCovac Plus
COVID-19 vaccines
Immunity
Booster vaccination
Resumen

Un nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causante de la COVID-19 (enfermedad por coronavirus de 2019), se ha unido a la familia Coronaviridae. Los beneficios de la vacunación contra la COVID-19 primaria superaron con creces los riesgos. Sin embargo, deberán considerarse los riesgos asociados a los refuerzos demasiado tempranos y frecuentes, y en especial cuando las vacunas tienen efectos inmunomediados tales como la miocarditis, que está más comúnmente asociada a la segunda dosis de algunas vacunas ARNm. Las vacunas de refuerzo contra la SARS-CoV-2 son necesarias, debido a la inmunidad reducida de la vacuna original, o bien a la evolución de los virus que producen inmunidad frente a los antígenos de la vacuna inicial. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue detectar la diferencia en términos de neutralización de los anticuerpos anti-RBD entre la tercera y segunda dosis de las vacunas frente a la COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio con 29 participantes elegibles en Birjand (Irán). Se tomaron muestras de sangre de todos los participantes, transcurridas de 2 a 4 semanas de la tercera dosis. En la siguiente etapa se evaluaron las respuestas humorales con un kit para detectar la neutralización de SARS-CoV-2. Se utilizó el software SPSS versión 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, EEUU) para analizar los datos. La edad media de los casos fue de 35,62 ± 8,72 años, con rango de 21 a 53 años. Los resultados obtenidos reflejaron que todas las vacunas tenían una eficacia significativamente mayor en la tercera dosis, en comparación con la segunda. Los participantes que recibieron Vaxzevria en la segunda dosis, y PastoCovac Plus en la tercera, tuvieron mayor inmunogenicidad. De acuerdo con los resultados de este estudio, deberá administrarse una dosis de la vacuna a las personas ≥20 años, para aportar un nivel incrementado de protección frente a la COVID-19. En especial, los participantes que recibieron Sputnik-V y Vaxzevria en la segunda dosis, y PastoCovac Plus en la tercera, reflejaron una respuesta inmunitaria más efectiva frente al virus.

Palabras clave:
SARS-CoV-2
Vaxzevria
PastoCovac Plus
vacunas contra la COVID-19
Inmunidad
vacunación de refuerzo

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