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Journal Information
Vol. 25. Issue 2.
Pages 174-180 (April - June 2024)
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Vol. 25. Issue 2.
Pages 174-180 (April - June 2024)
Original article
Assessment of lymphocytosis among pertussis patients in Northwest Ethiopia
Evaluación de la linfocitosis entre los pacientes de tosferina en el noroeste de Etiopía
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Solomon Taye Simaa,b,
Corresponding author
tayesolomon38@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Debasu Damtiec,d, Belay Tessemab, Baye Gelawb, Feleke Mogesb
a Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, P.O.BOX 667, Hossana, South Nations Nationalities and Peoples Regional State, Ethiopia
b Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.BOX 196, Gondar, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
c Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.BOX 196, Gondar, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
d The Ohio State University Global One Health LLC, Eastern Africa Regional Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Interpretation criteria for real-time-PCR results at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, 2019.
Table 2. Socio-demographic characteristics of study participants, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2019.
Table 3. Distribution of lymphocytosis in patient with pertussis, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2019.
Table 4. Correlation of lymphocytosis with clinical symptoms in PCR confirmed pertussis patients in Northwest, Ethiopia, 2019.
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Abstract
Background

Pertussis is a severe and prolonged coughing disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. In 2014, 24.1 million pertussis cases and 160 700 deaths were estimated worldwide in children less than 5 years old. Infection with B. pertussis is frequently characterized by a significant rise in the number of circulating lymphocytes. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess lymphocytosis among pertussis patients in Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pertussis patients who met the clinical case definition for pertussis. The study was conducted from July 2018 through February 2019 and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 321 participants, and samples were analyzed using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Blood specimens were collected from 321 study participants and total lymphocyte count was conducted using hematology analyzer.

Results

A total of 109 participants were positive for Bordetella species. Lymphocytosis was found in 15/109 (13.8%) of the PCR confirmed pertussis patients. Of those 15 PCR confirmed participants with lymphocytosis, 8/15 (53.3%) had lymphocytosis grading ‘high’ (≥2.81/μL) followed by 3/15 (20.0%) ‘moderately high’ (≥4.0/μL), and 4/15 (26.7%) had ‘very high’ (≥6.0/μL). Among PCR confirmed pertussis participants with lymphocytosis, 11/15 (73.3%) were less than 1 year old.

Conclusions

Despite other co-infections can cause lymphocytosis, this study showed that lymphocyte count could be used to rule out pertussis. Thus, in combination with other specific laboratory tests, lymphocyte count in pertussis suspected patients is recommended.

Keywords:
Bordetella pertussis
Lymphocytosis
Northwest Ethiopia
Pertussis
Palabras clave:
Bordetella pertussis
linfocitosis
noroeste de Etiopía
tos ferina
Resumen
Antecedentes

La tos ferina es una enfermedad de tos severa y prolongada causada por Bordetella pertussis. En 2014, se estimaron 24,1 millones de casos de tos ferina y 160.700 muertes en todo el mundo en niños menores de cinco años. La infección por B. pertussis se caracteriza con frecuencia por un aumento significativo del número de linfocitos circulantes. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la linfocitosis entre los pacientes con tos ferina en el noroeste de Etiopía.

Métodos

Se realizó un estudio transversal institucional entre pacientes con tos ferina que cumplían con la definición de caso clínico para tos ferina. El estudio se llevó a cabo desde julio de 2018 hasta febrero de 2019 y se recogieron hisopos nasofaríngeos de 321 participantes, y las muestras se analizaron mediante PCR en tiempo real (RT-). Se recolectaron muestras de sangre de 321 participantes del estudio y se realizó el recuento total de linfocitos utilizando un analizador de hematología.

Resultados

Un total de 109 participantes dieron positivo para especies de Bordetella. Se encontró linfocitosis en 15/109 (13.8%) de los pacientes con tos ferina confirmados por PCR. De esos 15 participantes confirmados por PCR con linfocitosis, 8/15 (53.3%) tenían linfocitosis de grado “alto” (≥2.81/μL), seguidos de 3/15 (20.0%) “moderadamente alto” (≥4.0/μL) y 4/15 (26.7%) tenía ‘muy alto’ (≥6.0/μL). Entre los participantes de tos ferina confirmados por PCR con linfocitosis, 11/15 (73.3%) tenían menos de 1 año.

Conclusiones

A pesar de que otras coinfecciones pueden causar linfocitosis, este estudio demostró que el recuento de linfocitos podría utilizarse para descartar la tos ferina. Por lo tanto, en combinación con otras pruebas de laboratorio específicas, se recomienda el recuento de linfocitos en pacientes con sospecha de tos ferina.

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