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Knowledge and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine among India's general rural population
Conocimiento y actitudes hacia la vacuna contra la COVID-19 entre una población rural general de India
Rajesh Venkataraman, Umesh Yadav, Yogendra Shrestha
Corresponding author
dryogendrastha@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Sindhushree Narayanaswamy, Shree Harsha Pura Basavaraju
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B G Nagara, 571448 Mandaya, Karnataka, India
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="s0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0065">Introduction</span><p id="p0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After being discovered in Wuhan&#44; China&#44; in December 2019&#44; the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 &#40;SARS-CoV-2&#41; spread rapidly throughout the world&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The SARS-CoV-2 virus infected almost all countries and had a significant negative impact on health&#44; society&#44; and the economy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> A wide range of medications have been used off-label to treat the disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;7</span></a> Drugs repurposed for treatment do not show promising results in curing the disease&#46; On the other hand&#44; excessive medication use increased the risk of developing drug-related adverse effects and microbial resistance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> The government strictly implemented preventive measures such as wearing masks&#44; keeping a safe distance&#44; regular hand washing&#44; avoiding crowds&#44; and locking down to prevent the spread of the disease&#46; Even so&#44; it was unable to stop spreading&#46; Hence&#44; there is no other option than vaccination to prevent the spread of disease and decrease morbidities and motility associated with disease and economic crisis&#46;</p><p id="p0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">COVID-19 vaccines are developed to guide the production of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies by primarily targeting the surface spike protein which prevents the disease invasion&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Its top priorities are to combat infection&#44; prevent disease spread&#44; and control the disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Even after the manufacturer claimed that the vaccine was effective against SARS-CoV-2&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#8211;18</span></a> people doubted the vaccine due to its rushed development by skipping steps and spreading rumours about the adverse reaction&#46; It is important to evaluate the general public&#39;s knowledge and attitude to vaccination to tackle all potential barriers to vaccination&#46;</p><p id="p0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The COVID-19 immunisation campaign in India began on January 16&#44; 2021&#44; with the restricted use authorization in the emergency of Covishield&#174;&#44; Covaxin&#174;&#44; and Sputnik V&#174;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> India&#39;s COVID-19 vaccine drive will be the largest and most challenging because of its large population size and diverse socioeconomic background&#46; Before developing a vaccination strategy to achieve the goal of COVID-19 vaccination&#44; authorities must first understand the target population&#39;s knowledge and attitude&#46; It aids in determining the lack and cause of hesitancy as well as encouraging participation in the vaccination campaign&#46; The goal of this study is to assess the general rural Indian population&#39;s knowledge and attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine&#46;</p></span><span id="s0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0070">Methods and methodology</span><span id="s0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0075">Study design</span><p id="p0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A community-based&#44; prospective&#44; cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2021 to October 2021 in the rural part of the Mandya district of Karnataka&#44; India after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Adichunchanagiri Hospital and Research Centre &#40;AH &#38; RC&#41;&#44; B&#46;G&#46; Nagara &#40;Approval No&#46; IEC&#47;AH&#38;RC&#47;AC&#47;012&#47;2021&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="s0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0080">Study population</span><p id="p0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We obtained 385 as the sample size for the study by using the total population of the Mandya district as the population size&#44; a 5&#37; margin of error&#44; a response distribution of 50&#37;&#44; and a 95&#37; confidence level using Raosoft&#174; sample size calculation software&#46;</p></span><span id="s0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0085">Participants</span><p id="p0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Individuals over the age of 18 who met the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare&#39;s vaccination eligibility criteria &#40;<a href="https://www.mohfw.gov.in/covid_vaccination/vaccination/index.html">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;mohfw&#46;gov&#46;in&#47;covid&#95;vaccination&#47;vaccination&#47;index&#46;html</a>&#41; and were willing to consent to participate in the study were included&#46; Individuals with psychological disorders and those under the age of 18 were excluded from the study&#46;</p></span><span id="s0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0090">Study instrument</span><p id="p0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The questionnaire was created using a thorough literature review and expert opinions&#46; The preliminary draught of the questionnaire design was discussed with two academic experts in the field and modified based on their suggestions&#46; The questionnaire was split into two sections&#58; Section A and Section B&#46; Section A was used to collect demographic information&#44; and Section B was used to assess vaccine knowledge and attitudes&#46; The total of seven questions&#44; four for knowledge and three for attitude&#44; shows consistency and was acceptable with a Cronbach&#8217;s alpha coefficient of 0&#46;758&#46; Each correct answer received one point&#44; while incorrect answers received zero points&#46; The maximum score for knowledge is 4 and 3 for attitude&#46; Those who scored more than 80&#37; on the knowledge and attitude questionnaire were considered to have adequate knowledge and attitude toward the COVID vaccine&#46;</p></span><span id="s0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0095">Study procedure and data collection</span><p id="p0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study team was a part of the COVID warriors belonging to AH &#38; RC&#44; Adichunchanagiri University&#44; and were fully vaccinated with available COVID vaccines&#46; Following all the preventive measures&#44; the study team spread into the rural part of the Mandya district&#44; explained the study in detail&#44; and requested to take participants&#46; Data was collected from the general rural population in a data collection form after screening for inclusion criteria and signing a consent form&#46; After the collection of data&#44; participants were explained in detail about the vaccines&#44; their efficacy&#44; side effects&#44; benefits of vaccination&#44; and the requirement for continuation of the preventive measure to prevent the SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination&#46;</p></span><span id="s0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0100">Statistical analysis</span><p id="p0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences &#40;SPSS&#41; version 26 was used to analyse the data&#46; Gender&#44; habits&#44; occupation&#44; socioeconomic status&#44; source of vaccine information&#44; and vaccination status were represented in frequency and percentage&#46; Age&#44; knowledge&#44; and attitude were represented in the mean&#44; standard deviation &#40;S&#46;D&#41;&#44; and interquartile range &#40;IQR&#41;&#46; The Chi-Square test was used to determine the relationship between variables&#46;</p></span></span><span id="s0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0105">Results</span><span id="s0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0110">Demographic details of the participants</span><p id="p0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study included 596 participants&#44; with females dominating males by 54&#46;9 &#37; &#40;327&#41;&#46; The average age of the participants was 31&#46;24 &#177; 15&#46;87&#44; with an IQR of 10&#46;75 &#40;34&#46;75&#44; 24&#41;&#46; Among them&#44; 20&#37; &#40;119&#41; were inoculated with the available COVID-19 vaccine in their area&#46; News&#44; radio&#44; television&#44; and social media were the primary sources of COVID vaccine information&#44; accounting for 60&#46;3 &#37; &#40;359&#41;&#46; Since the study was conducted in rural Mandya&#44; 45&#46;13 &#37; &#40;269&#41; of the participants earn less than one lakh rupees per year&#44; indicating a low socioeconomic status &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#t0005">Table 1 &#38; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="s0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0115">Knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines</span><p id="p0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the assessment of knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines&#44; the mean score was 3&#46;72 &#177; 0&#46;72 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; Of 596&#44; 81&#46;71&#37; &#40;487&#41; had adequate knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine&#46; 84&#46;7&#37; &#40;277&#41; of the total female participants reported having adequate knowledge and 78&#46;06&#37; &#40;210&#41; of the total male participants reported having adequate knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine&#46; There was no statistically significant difference in adequate knowledge among males and females &#40;p-value&#44; 0&#46;37&#41;&#46; We observed that 60&#46;5&#37; &#40;72&#41; of the vaccinated participants had adequate knowledge and 39&#46;5&#37; &#40;47&#41; had a lack of adequate knowledge&#46; Similarly&#44; 87&#37; &#40;415&#41; of the not-vaccinated participants reported having adequate knowledge and 13&#37; &#40;62&#41; of the total not-vaccinated reported a lack of adequate knowledge&#46; There was a statistically significant difference in adequate knowledge among the vaccinated and not-vaccinated &#40;p-value &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#t0015">Tables 3 &#38; 4</a>&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="s0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0120">Attitude towards COVID-19 vaccines</span><p id="p0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the assessment of attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines&#44; the mean score was 2&#46;72 &#177; 0&#46;66 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; Out of 596&#44; 81&#46;5&#37; &#40;486&#41; had a positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine&#46; 85&#46;3&#37; &#40;279&#41; of the total female participants reported having a positive attitude and 77&#37; &#40;207&#41; of the total male participants reported having a positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine&#46; There was no statistically significant difference in positive attitudes among males and females &#40;p-value &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; We observed that 51&#46;26&#37; &#40;61&#41; of the vaccinated participants had a positive attitude and 48&#46;74&#37; &#40;58&#41; had a negative attitude&#46; Similarly&#44; 89&#46;1&#37; &#40;425&#41; of the not-vaccinated participants reported having a positive attitude and 10&#46;9&#37; &#40;52&#41; of the total not-vaccinated reported having a negative attitude&#46; There was a statistically significant difference in positive attitude among the vaccinated and not-vaccinated &#40;p-value &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#t0015">Tables 3 &#38; 4</a>&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="s0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0125">Association between knowledge and attitude</span><p id="p0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the participants with a positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine&#44; 86&#46;86&#37; &#40;423&#41; had adequate knowledge&#44; and the remaining 13&#46;14&#37; &#40;64&#41; had a lack of adequate knowledge&#46; Of those who had a negative attitude toward a vaccine&#44; 57&#46;79&#37; &#40;63&#41; had adequate knowledge&#44; and the remaining 42&#46;2&#37; &#40;46&#41; lacked adequate knowledge&#46; There was a statistically significant difference in adequate knowledge among positive and negative attitudes &#40;p-value &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#t0015">Tables 3 &#38; 4</a>&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="s0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0130">Discussion</span><p id="p0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study assessed the general rural Indian population&#39;s knowledge and attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine&#46; We observed that 81&#46;71&#37; &#40;487&#41; had adequate knowledge and 81&#46;5&#37; &#40;486&#41; had a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines&#46; The studies conducted by Popa GL et al&#46; in Romania and Shekhar R et al&#46; in Greece show greater levels of knowledge than our study&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> While Obarisiagbon OE et al&#46; in Nigeria and Asmara Adella G et al&#46; in Ethiopia show lower levels of knowledge than our study&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> A greater positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine was found in our study than in Obarisiagbon OE et al&#46;&#44; in Nigeria&#59; Alle YF et al&#46;&#44; in Ethiopia&#59; and Khan ZA et al&#46;&#44; in Pakistan&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> A similar positive attitude was reported in the study conducted by Jankowska-Polaska B et al&#46; in Poland&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="p0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We observed no statistically significant difference between the knowledge of males and females &#40;p-value&#44; 0&#46;37&#41;&#46; However&#44; females &#40;84&#46;7&#37;&#44; 277&#41; were found to have slightly more knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine than males &#40;78&#46;06&#37;&#44; 210&#41;&#46; The majority of study participants &#40;93&#46;5&#37;&#41; were aware that the full dose of vaccination required two doses of available Covid-19 vaccine&#44; which was higher than Asmare Adella G et al&#46;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Among genders&#44; females &#40;85&#46;3&#37;&#44; 279&#41; tend to have a higher positive attitude than males &#40;77&#37;&#44; 207&#41; &#40;p-value &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; The trust in the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine &#40;90&#46;9&#37;&#41; was the same as reported by B&#259;lan A et al&#46; and higher than Bagic D et al&#46;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> The majority of study participants &#40;95&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; which was higher than the percentage reported by Shekhar R et al&#46;&#44; Moskova M et al&#46;&#44; and Islam MS et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> wanted to recommend vaccination to their friends and family&#46;</p><p id="p0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study shows that there was a statistically significant difference in the level of knowledge between the non-vaccinated and vaccinated &#40;p-value &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; Non-vaccinated participants &#40;87&#37;&#44; 415&#41; appeared to have a higher level of knowledge than vaccinated participants &#40;60&#46;5&#37;&#44; 72&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#f0005">Figs&#46; 1 &#38; 2</a>&#41;&#46; It could be influenced by the government vaccination strategy&#44; where vaccination campaign phase 1 was to protect health care facilities by vaccinating front-line workers&#44; then reduce motility by vaccinating vulnerable individuals &#40;vaccination campaign phase 2&#41;&#44; and finally control the disease by vaccinating adults and children &#40;vaccination campaign phase 3&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> There were a high number of geriatrics vaccinated and a shortage of vaccine during the study duration&#44; which might have affected the level of knowledge among the vaccinated&#46; The literacy level of Mandya&#39;s rural population may have an impact on vaccine knowledge&#44; as the majority relied on news&#44; social media&#44; and radio for information&#46; Moskova M et al also reported radio and television as major sources of information&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a></p><p id="p0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the study&#44; there is a statistically significant difference in knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine between participants with positive attitudes and those with negative attitudes &#40;p-value &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; Positive attitude participants &#40;86&#46;86 &#37;&#44; 423&#41; have a higher level of knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine than negative attitude participants &#40;57&#46;79 &#37;&#44; 63&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; This emphasized the significance of maintaining a positive attitude in an attempt to acquire adequate knowledge&#46;</p></span><span id="s0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0135">Limitations</span><p id="p0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was carried out during a government-enforced lockdown&#44; which limited the number of participants&#46; Vaccination campaigns phases 1 and 2 ended during the study period&#44; and vaccination campaign phase 3 began&#44; with the maximum number of geriatrics vaccinated and adults waiting in line&#46; These were the limitations of the study&#46;</p></span><span id="s0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0140">Conclusion</span><p id="p0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study concluded that 81&#46;71&#37; &#40;487&#41; of the total participants had adequate knowledge and 81&#46;5&#37; &#40;486&#41; had a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines&#46; There is no gender difference in knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine&#46; When compared to the male&#44; the female has a more positive attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine&#46; Further study with a diverse study population is necessary to corroborate the findings of the study&#46;</p></span><span id="s0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0145">Availability of data and materials</span><p id="p0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The datasets used and&#47;or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request&#46;</p></span><span id="s0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0150">Funding</span><p id="p0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study did not receive any particular funding&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="as0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0010">Introduction</span><p id="sp0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Even after the enforcement of the lockdown&#44; the government was unable to control the spread of the COVID-19 infection&#46; Vaccination is the only remaining hope for preventing and controlling COVID-19 infections&#46; The knowledge and attitude of the recipients can influence vaccine acceptance&#46; In this study&#44; we aim to assess the knowledge and attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine among the general rural population of India&#46;</p></span> <span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0015">Methodology</span><p id="sp0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A community-based&#44; prospective&#44; cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2021 to October 2021 in the rural part of the Mandya district of Karnataka&#44; India&#46; Individuals over the age of 18 who met the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare&#39;s vaccination eligibility criteria were included in the study&#46; Demographic details of participants and assessment of knowledge and attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine were done in a designed and validated data collection form&#46;</p></span> <span id="as0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0020">Results</span><p id="sp0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study included 596 participants&#44; with females dominating males by 54&#46;9 &#37; &#40;327&#41;&#46; The average age of the participants was 31 years&#46; Among them&#44; 81&#46;71&#37; &#40;487&#41; had adequate knowledge&#44; and 81&#46;5&#37; &#40;486&#41; had a positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine&#46; Females &#40;85&#46;3&#37;&#44; 279&#41; tend to have a more positive attitude than males &#40;77&#37;&#44; 207&#41;&#46; Positive attitude participants &#40;86&#46;86 &#37;&#44; 423&#41; have a higher level of knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine than negative attitude participants &#40;57&#46;79 &#37;&#44; 63&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="as0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0025">Conclusion</span><p id="sp0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In the study&#44; we found that 81&#46;71&#37; had adequate knowledge and 81&#46;5&#37; had a positive attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="as0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="sp0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Incluso tras la obligatoriedad del confinamiento el gobierno fue incapaz de controlar la propagaci&#243;n de la infecci&#243;n por COVID-19&#46; La vacuna es la &#250;nica esperanza que queda para prevenir y controlar las infecciones por COVID-19&#46; El conocimiento y la actitud de los receptores pueden influir en la aceptaci&#243;n de la vacuna&#46; En este estudio&#44; nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el conocimiento y la actitud hacia la vacuna contra la COVID-19 entre la poblaci&#243;n rural general de India&#46;</p></span> <span id="as0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0040">Metodolog&#237;a</span><p id="sp0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio transversal&#44; prospectivo y con base comunitaria de mayo a octubre de 2021 en la zona rural del distrito Mandya de Karnataka&#44; India&#46; Se incluy&#243; en el estudio a los individuos mayores de 18 a&#241;os que cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad del Ministerio de Sanidad y Bienestar Familiar&#46; Los datos demogr&#225;ficos de los participantes y la evaluaci&#243;n del conocimiento y la actitud hacia la vacuna contra la COVID-19 se incluyeron en un formulario de recopilaci&#243;n de datos dise&#241;ado y validado&#46;</p></span> <span id="as0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0045">Resultados</span><p id="sp0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El estudio incluy&#243; a 596 participantes&#44; siendo m&#225;s numerosas las mujeres que los hombres en un 54&#44;9 &#37; &#40;327&#41;&#46; La edad media de los participantes fue de 31 a&#241;os&#46; Entre ellos&#44; el 81&#44;71&#37; &#40;487&#41; ten&#237;a un conocimiento adecuado&#44; y el 81&#44;5&#37; &#40;486&#41; una actitud positiva hacia la vacuna contra la COVID-19&#46; Las mujeres &#40;85&#44;3&#37;&#44; 279&#41; tendieron a tener una actitud m&#225;s positiva que los hombres &#40;77&#37;&#44; 207&#41;&#46; Los participantes con actitud positiva &#40;86&#44;86 &#37;&#44; 423&#41; tuvieron un mayor nivel de conocimiento sobre la vacuna contra la COVID-19 que los participantes con actitud negativa &#40;57&#44;79 &#37;&#44; 63&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="as0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0050">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="sp0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En el estudio&#44; encontramos que el 81&#44;71&#37; tuvo un conocimiento adecuado&#44; y el 81&#44;5&#37; una actitud positiva hacia la vacuna contra la COVID-19&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">327&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">269&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Age in years</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18-45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">505&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45-60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Above 60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Habits</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alcohol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Smoking&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Occupation</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Self-employed&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">173&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Student&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">325&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Employed&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Socio-economic status</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#8211;5 lakhs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">218&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#8211;10 lakhs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">109&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Less than 1 lakhs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">269&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="4" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Source of information for COVID vaccine</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Friends and family&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Covid warrior&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">144&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Social media&#44; radio&#44; T V and news&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">359&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Government agency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vaccination status</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">119&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">477&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demographic details of the participants&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "t0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "al0025"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Characters&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IQR &#40;Q<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>&#44; Q<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Age in years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#46;75 &#40;34&#46;75&#44; 24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Knowledge&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;4&#44; 4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Attitude&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;3&#44; 3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="sp0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive analysis of age&#44; knowledge&#44; and attitude of the participants&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
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            "identificador" => "al0030"
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        "tabla" => array:1 [
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            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Questionnaires</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="5" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Knowledge</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Single dose of the COVID vaccine is enough to prevent infection&#46; &#40;Q1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">557&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">93&#46;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The reason of inoculating the Covid-19 vaccine is to develop the neutralizing antibodies against COVID-19&#46; &#40;Q2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">568&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">95&#46;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The common side effects of Covid-19 vaccines are Injection site pain&#44; myalgia&#44; fever and chills&#46; &#40;Q3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">523&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">87&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">All the age group can be vaccinated&#46; &#40;Q4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">569&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">95&#46;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Participants scored above 80&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">487&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">81&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="4" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Attitude</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I think Covid-19 vaccines are safe&#46; &#40;Q5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">542&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">90&#46;9&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I should not follow the preventive measures after vaccination&#46; &#40;Q6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">517&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">86&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I will recommend my family and friends to get vaccinated &#40;Q7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">563&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">94&#46;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Participants scored above 80&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">486&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">81&#46;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="sp0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correct response to the questionnaire about knowledge and attitudes&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
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          0 => array:3 [
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="sp0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Level of significant 0&#46;05&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup colgroup " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"></th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Adequate Knowledge toward COVID vaccine</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P value</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Positive Attitude toward COVID vaccine</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P value</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vaccination</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72 &#40;60&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47 &#40;39&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61 &#40;51&#46;26&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58 &#40;48&#46;74&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">415 &#40;87&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62 &#40;13&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">425 &#40;89&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52 &#40;10&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Gender</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">210 &#40;78&#46;06&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59 &#40;21&#46;94&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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Article information
ISSN: 15769887
Original language: English
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