Original article
Monitoring of hepatitis B infection in the elderly population of eastern Iran
Monitorización de la infección por hepatitis B en los sujetos mayores de Irán oriental
Abdol Sattar Pagheha, Effat Alemzadeha, Eisa Nazarb, Mitra Moodic, Farshad Sharifid, Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddame, Mohamad Taghi Rahimif, Soroush Mohammadig, Masood Ziaeea,
Corresponding author
dr.m.ziaee@gmail.com
Corresponding author at: Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Corresponding author at: Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
a Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
b Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
c Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
d Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
e Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
f Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
g Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Read
16
Timeswas read the article
7
Total PDF
9
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:21 [ "pii" => "S1576988724000803" "issn" => "15769887" "doi" => "10.1016/j.vacun.2024.08.002" "estado" => "S200" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-10-03" "aid" => "373" "copyrightAnyo" => "2024" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemSiguiente" => array:16 [ "pii" => "S1576988724000967" "issn" => "15769887" "doi" => "10.1016/j.vacun.2024.09.004" "estado" => "S200" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-10-25" "aid" => "377" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>" "titulo" => "Evaluation of the effect of melatonin on patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICU: A double-blind randomized clinical trial" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Evaluación del efecto de la melatonina en pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados en la UCI: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado doble ciego" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2465 "Ancho" => 2771 "Tamanyo" => 293994 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Consort flow diagram of patients.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Mahmoud Ganjifard, Shokouh Ghafari, Adeleh Sahebnasagh, Mahboubeh Esmaeili, Ali Reza Amirabadizadeh, Azadeh Ebrahimzadeh, Parvin Askari, Razieh Avan" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Mahmoud" "apellidos" => "Ganjifard" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Shokouh" "apellidos" => "Ghafari" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Adeleh" "apellidos" => "Sahebnasagh" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Mahboubeh" "apellidos" => "Esmaeili" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ali Reza" "apellidos" => "Amirabadizadeh" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Azadeh" "apellidos" => "Ebrahimzadeh" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Parvin" "apellidos" => "Askari" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Razieh" "apellidos" => "Avan" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1576988724000967?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/15769887/unassign/S1576988724000967/v1_202410250423/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:16 [ "pii" => "S1576988724000797" "issn" => "15769887" "doi" => "10.1016/j.vacun.2024.08.001" "estado" => "S200" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-09-24" "aid" => "372" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "cor" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:9 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the editor</span>" "titulo" => "Artificial intelligence and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Inteligencia artificial y dudas sobre la vacuna contra la COVID-19" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Sara Kamal Shahsavar, Arman Alinezhad, Masoud Keikha" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sara Kamal" "apellidos" => "Shahsavar" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Arman" "apellidos" => "Alinezhad" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Masoud" "apellidos" => "Keikha" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1576988724000797?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/15769887/unassign/S1576988724000797/v1_202409240425/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:18 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Monitoring of hepatitis B infection in the elderly population of eastern Iran" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Abdol Sattar Pagheh, Effat Alemzadeh, Eisa Nazar, Mitra Moodi, Farshad Sharifi, Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam, Mohamad Taghi Rahimi, Soroush Mohammadi, Masood Ziaee" "autores" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Abdol Sattar" "apellidos" => "Pagheh" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "af0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Effat" "apellidos" => "Alemzadeh" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "af0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Eisa" "apellidos" => "Nazar" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "af0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Mitra" "apellidos" => "Moodi" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "af0015" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Farshad" "apellidos" => "Sharifi" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "af0020" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Ebrahim" "apellidos" => "Miri-Moghaddam" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "af0025" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Mohamad Taghi" "apellidos" => "Rahimi" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span>" "identificador" => "af0030" ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Soroush" "apellidos" => "Mohammadi" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span>" "identificador" => "af0035" ] ] ] 8 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Masood" "apellidos" => "Ziaee" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "dr.m.ziaee@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "af0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cr0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "af0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "af0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "af0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "af0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "af0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "af0030" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran" "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "af0035" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cr0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author at: Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Monitorización de la infección por hepatitis B en los sujetos mayores de Irán oriental" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="s0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0065">Introduction</span><p id="p0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus with a circular DNA genome that belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family. This virus has a high pathogenic power and causes the most damage to the human liver and can cause acute and chronic hepatitis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a></p><p id="p0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Transmission of HBV occurs through contact with infected blood or other biological body fluids.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4–6</span></a> In terms of epidemiology, about 2 billion people worldwide are infected with HBV, and more than 350 million people are chronic carriers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Approximately, 45% of the world's people live in hyperendemic areas (prevalence greater than 8%), 43% of the world's people live in mesoendemic areas (prevalence between 2% and 7%), and 12% of the world's people live in hypoendemic areas (prevalence less than 2%). According to the World Health Organization and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Iran is one of the countries with moderate prevalence.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> The prevalence of hepatitis B varies among different geographical regions and population groups in Iran.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11–18</span></a> According to a study by Ghafari et al. (2019), the prevalence of hepatitis B among prisoners in Birjand was found to be 3.3%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> In another study, the prevalence of hepatitis B in pregnant women in the northern regions of the country was 1.05%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> In 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Esfandiar, Marghoub, and Zenughan villages in South Khorasan, revealing a high prevalence of HBV in this small endemic area. The prevalence of HBsAg in these 3 villages was found to be 17.8%, 1.7%, and 0.5%, respectively.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> After the national hepatitis B vaccination program in 1993 and 95% vaccination coverage in children and adolescents, the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection has decreased significantly in many parts of the country.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21–25</span></a></p><p id="p0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aging is a natural biological process and an important stage of human life, which is associated with increased susceptibility to infections. In Iran, the trend of the population towards old age is evident. Iran's elderly population (aged 60 and over) has increased from 1 173 679 people in 1956 to 10 676 000 people in 2023 and currently constitutes 12% of the total population of Iran. It is predicted that in 2050, 30.4% of the total population will be over 60 years old. Since aging is accompanied by a gradual decrease in physical activities and an increase in chronic diseases and infections, it is important to pay special attention to medical and health issues in this population. Most elderly people have at least one underlying disease, and this makes them more vulnerable to some infectious diseases, including hepatitis B.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26–28</span></a></p><p id="p0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physiological changes associated with aging and the presence of underlying diseases in the elderly are believed to be among the factors that increase the likelihood of hepatitis B infection.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29–32</span></a> On the other hand, the available evidence shows a higher prevalence of hepatitis B among the elderly population, which probably reflects the long-term exposure of these people to risk factors related to this infection.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33–35</span></a> With timely detection of hepatitis B disease and its treatment, this infection can be controlled in the elderly and the occurrence of cirrhosis and liver cancer can be prevented. Considering the lack of regional studies in Iran regarding the prevalence of infections transmitted by blood or sexual relations, especially in elderly populations, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B infection and its related risk factors in an elderly population in eastern Iran.</p></span><span id="s0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0070">Methods</span><p id="p0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The research was carried out in Birjand, the capital of Iran's South Khorasan province, situated in the eastern region with a warm and dry climate. The project was approved by the ethics and scientific committee of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran (ethic code: IR.BUMS.REC.1399.312). This study was a part of the prospective cohort study of the community-based Longitudinal Aging Study (BLAS) in Birjand city.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> The BLAS study began in October 2018 on the elderly living in rural and urban areas of Birjand. Study participants were selected using a multistage stratified cluster sampling. According to the city's postal areas, clusters were identified. In each cluster, subjects were selected. Details of the study design, protocol and sampling are shown in the BLAS article. Demographic information, underlying diseases, health status, and fatty liver were collected through standard questionnaires. The results of laboratory factors including red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (HB), platelets, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes were recorded. It is worth noting that the criteria for identifying the presence of fatty liver in the elderly included a complete review of the patient's medical record (including liver enzymes, ultrasound, and fibroscan results) by a specialist doctor. Additionally, the criteria for assessing blood pressure include the use of a sphygmomanometer, examining the history of blood pressure diseases, and considering medication usage.</p><p id="p0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study, for HBsAg testing, 2 mL of serum sample was isolated under aseptic conditions and stored in a −<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80 °C freezer. HBsAg test was done by ELISA method and using a Siemens commercial kit (HBsAg 6.0 Enzygnost® SIEMENS) in the comprehensive research laboratory of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. The work steps were carried out according to the special instructions of the Siemens kit and by a non-automatic manual method, and finally, the results of the tests were read with an ELISA reader (Epoch, USA) at a wavelength of 450 nm and a reference filter of 650 nm.</p><span id="s0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0075">Statistical analysis</span><p id="p0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To provide descriptive statistics of the data, the median (IQR) for quantitative variables and frequency (percentage) for qualitative variables were reported. Normality assumption was assessed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Then, Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the median of quantitative variables in the elderly with and without the presence of viral antigen. To measure the relationship between the serum status of the patients in terms of the presence of HBsAg viral antigen and each of the qualitative variables, chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was performed. Finally, the multiple logistic regression model was used to determine the factors related to the presence of HBsAg viral antigen in the elderly. All analyzes were performed in SPSS-16 software (Chicago IL) at a significance level of .05.</p></span></span><span id="s0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0080">Results</span><p id="p0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Out of a total of 542 people with an average age of 69.12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.46 (60–94 years old), 11 cases (2.03%) were positive, among them, 4 were women (36.4%) and 7 were men (63.6%). The average age of the elderly with positive and negative hepatitis B was 69 (63–77) and 67 (63–74) years, respectively. Based on the results of the Mann–Whitney test, there was no statistically significant difference between the median age of the elderly regarding hepatitis B infection (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05). In addition, the results of Fisher's exact test showed that there is no significant relationship between the variables of body mass index, gender, marital status, years of education, living in a nursing home or personal, history of immigration, and smoking with the result of hepatitis B (positive/negative) test (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0005">Table 1</a>). As shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0010">Table 2</a>, the prevalence of hepatitis B in the elderly with and without hypertension was 2.8% and 1.6%, respectively.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of fatty liver was reported to be 1.5% in the elderly with hepatitis B and 1.7% in the elderly without hepatitis B. According to the results of Fisher's exact test, the frequency distribution of the variables of hypertension (no/has), diabetes (no/has), high blood lipids (no/has), at least one underlying disease (no/has), and loss of appetite (no/has) had no statistically significant difference in the elderly with positive and negative hepatitis B (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05). Also, the result of hepatitis B test was positive for 9 people (2.8%) of the elderly with average or low health status and 2 people (1%) with above average health status. The results of Fisher's exact test showed that there is no significant relationship between the health status of the elderly with or without hepatitis B (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0015">Table 3</a>). <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0020">Table 4</a> shows the median (IQR) of quantitative variables under investigation in the elderly with positive and negative hepatitis B.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the Mann–Whitney test, there was no statistically significant difference in the median variables of WBC, RBC, HB, platelet, ALK.P, AST, and ALT among the elderly whose hepatitis test results were positive and negative (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05). The results of fitting the multiple logistic regression model showed that by adjusting the effect of other variables, fatty liver disease in people with hepatitis B was significantly higher than people without history of hepatitis B (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0025">Table 5</a>). Based on statistical analysis, no significant effect was observed in the other investigated variables (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="s0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0085">Discussion</span><p id="p0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HBV is one of the major health problems in the world, especially in developing countries, and causes acute hepatitis, chronic liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37–39</span></a> The present study was conducted with the approach of epidemiological investigation of HBV infection in the population over 60 years old in eastern Iran. In this study, the overall prevalence of HBV infection in the elderly population of Birjand city was 2.03%. In 2012, Hartleb et al., reported a serological prevalence of HBV of 1.12% in a study on an elderly population in Poland.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> In another study, Posuwan et al. in 2019 in Thailand, have reported the serological prevalence of anti-HAV, HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV were 98.9, 4.6, 51.5, 32.4, 1.3, respectively. In this study, children/youths had the lowest HBsAg levels.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> According to a study by Ziaee et al. conducted in South Khorasan in 2016, the prevalence of hepatitis B in a population aged 15–75 years was reported to be 1.6% based on serum samples.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> The overall prevalence of HBV in Iran is lower than 2%. In a review study, the prevalence of hepatitis B infection was estimated about 1.7% or lower in the general population; 0.8% (95% CI: 0.6%–0.9%) in blood donors and 3.2% (95% CI: 2.3%–4.1%) in intravenous drug users and varied from zero to 1.5% in beta thalassemic patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Hepatitis B prevalence in Iran decreased from 3.02% (95% confidence interval; 2.26–3.96) in 2000 to 1.09% (95% confidence interval; 0.85–1.37) in 2016.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Although, there are reports of some areas and or populations in Iran with uncommonly high prevalence. In the Esfandiar region in the Sothern Khorasan province of Iran, the prevalence of HBV was reported as high as 17.8%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> Several factors influence the trend of increasing the prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the elderly population. The prevalence of HBV infection is expected to be higher in older age groups because lifetime exposure to hepatitis B increases with age. On the other hand, some physiological changes in the elderly may lead to an increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, including HBV infection. Aging is associated with a gradual decline in immune function, known as immunosenescence. This decline can affect the body's ability to respond effectively to viral infections, including HBV. Furthermore, aging often brings about an increased prevalence of comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome. These conditions can complicate the management of HBV and contribute to liver-related complications.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43–46</span></a></p><p id="p0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was conducted in Birjand, which is located in the east of Iran. The eastern provinces of Iran share a border with the western provinces of Afghanistan, facilitating frequent travel between the 2 countries and hosting a significant population of Afghan refugees in Iran.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> In Afghanistan, information on HBV is limited.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> According to a review study, the percentage prevalence of HBV and HCV was 1.9% and 1.1%, respectively, in the entire available population of Afghanistan.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a> Some studies reported the prevalence of HBV in Afghanistan as 1.53% in the obstetric population in Kabul hospitals, 6.54% in female sex workers, 6.15% among injectable drug users, and 3.9% in blood donors. However, there are no available data on the prevalence, vaccination status, knowledge, or attitudes of individuals regarding HBV infection in Afghanistan.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a> In Pakistan, a study that surveyed medical and public health literature on hepatitis B and C reported prevalence rates of 2.4% for hepatitis B and 3% for Hepatitis C in the general population.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a></p><p id="p0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The lower prevalence of HBsAg-positive cases in our study, compared to neighboring countries, may be attributed to several factors. Firstly, the demographic characteristics and health status of the studied population could play a significant role. Additionally, differences in participant selection, sampling methodology, and inclusion criteria might exist compared to studies in neighboring countries. Furthermore, variations in healthcare infrastructure, awareness, and preventive measures in the studied region might contribute to the observed differences.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a></p><p id="p0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent years, although vaccination has significantly reduced the prevalence of HBV and its complications, several studies have shown low efficacy of this vaccine in the elderly. This information shows that the amount of immunity created by vaccination in adults ranges from 30 to 80%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55–57</span></a> On the other hand, national vaccination against hepatitis B has spread in Iran since 1993, so many elderly people do not have a history of vaccination or were vaccinated accidentally. Other problems, including the lack of proper access to health services in some regions of the country, the lack of sufficient information about the methods of transmission and prevention of hepatitis B disease, and the lack of examination of the health status and screening of this disease in the elderly population have caused this group to be more vulnerable to hepatitis B disease.</p><p id="p0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study, the prevalence of HBV infection was higher in men than in women, but this difference in the prevalence of HBV infection between men and women is not statistically significant (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05). According to the present study, in several reports, the prevalence of HBV infection has been higher in men, which may be due to occupational risk factors in men, multiple sexual partners, and more use of intravenous drugs in this group.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a> Risk factors associated with hepatitis B can vary depending on cultural, educational, socio-economic, and geographic variables.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60</span></a> One of the significant findings in this study is that the number of HbsAg-positive cases was lower in people who had a higher level of education. Lifelong education can be a protective factor in relation to communicable diseases, because the level of education helps to increase awareness in the field of prevention methods, transmission, and knowledge of health status. On the other hand, lack of education or low level of education can lead to reduced understanding of preventive measures as well as greater exposure to risk factors, although this relationship is not uniform across populations. For example, Henn et al. showed in a study that there is no significant relationship between the level of education and the risk of infection.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a></p><p id="p0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study, the most cases of HBsAg (90.9%) were diagnosed among people who had a history of underlying disease (hypertension, diabetes, blood lipids, loss of appetite). Evidence has shown that the risk of chronic hepatitis B increases from 5% in patients with a healthy immune system to more than 20% in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">63</span></a> On the other hand, vaccination against hepatitis B provides nearly 96% immunity in healthy people, but this effect is less in patients with immune system deficiency. So that the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccine in patients with immune system deficiency is mentioned between 23% and 56%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">64</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65</span></a> Although, the participants in this study did not have a record of receiving the hepatitis B vaccination. It is important that the elderly are more affected by underlying diseases such as cancer and receive immunosuppressive treatments that lead to reactivation of hepatitis B. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose HBV infection before starting chemotherapy or taking immunosuppressive drugs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> In the present study, no significant relationship was found between HBsAg and marital status, occupation, and smoking, which was consistent with the results of other studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">66</span></a></p><p id="p0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of the present study showed that hepatitis B disease was an important factor associated with fatty liver. Consistent with our results, a case–control study conducted by Azarkar et al. (2019) in South Khorasan reported a higher incidence of fatty liver in hepatitis B carriers than in healthy people.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">67</span></a> Also, Shi et al. (2008) and Peng et al. (2008)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">68</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">69</span></a> demonstrate a significant correlation between the presence of fatty liver and elevated levels of the liver enzyme ALT, serving as a marker for liver cell damage. Intriguingly, ALT levels also exhibit a relationship with HBV-DNA levels and inflammation. The hypothesis suggests that the HBV may indirectly contribute to the development of fatty liver. On the other hand, numerous studies have demonstrated that the coexistence of steatosis, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and chronic viral hepatitis, including chronic HBV, has a synergistic impact on exacerbating liver injury through oxidative damage. This co-occurrence could potentially escalate hepatic fibrosis and increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">70–75</span></a></p><p id="p0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the limitations of this study is the lack of sufficient information about high-risk sexual behaviors among the target population. There is always this idea among the elderly population that they have passed the reproductive period and do not need contraceptive methods. This false belief causes them to have no protection against sexually transmitted diseases and their risk is higher than that of young people. Due to existing cultural attitudes, the participants were not able to express detailed information about risky sexual behaviors or preventive measures. In societies where there are many cultural barriers against the expression of sexual problems, health policies always face the challenge of reporting. Another limitation of this research is the relatively small sample size. Despite efforts to include a representative sample of the elderly population in Birjand, the final sample comprised only 542 individuals who agreed to participate in the study. The small sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings to the larger elderly population in the region. A larger sample size would have allowed for more robust statistical analyses and increased precision in estimating the prevalence of hepatitis B and its associated risk factors. Future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to validate and extend the findings of this study.</p></span><span id="s0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0090">Conclusions</span><p id="p0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of this study show a prevalence rate of 2.03% for hepatitis B in the elderly population of Birjand. Although no statistically significant associations were found between hepatitis B and demographic factors, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, or most laboratory variables, a significant association was observed between hepatitis B and fatty liver disease. These results highlight the importance of considering hepatitis B infection among the elderly population, particularly due to the increased risk of developing fatty liver disease. Given the potential implications for the health and well-being of elderly individuals, it is recommended that special attention be given to the transmission and prevention of hepatitis B in this age group. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need for larger-scale investigations to validate and generalize these findings. The insights gained from this study can inform the development of comprehensive management and control strategies for hepatitis B in the elderly population in Birjand and beyond.</p></span><span id="s0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0095">Consent for publication</span><p id="p0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Not applicable.</p></span><span id="s0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0100">Funding</span><p id="p0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This article is the result of research project number 5505 (code of ethics IR.BUMS.REC.1399.312) And it was done with the financial support of the research and technology department of <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gts0005">Birjand University of Medical Sciences</span> and the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gts0010">Geriatrics Research Center of the Endocrine and Metabolism Research Institute of Tehran University</span> and the assistance and cooperation of the Infectious Diseases and Health-Based Social Factors Research Centers of Birjand University of Medical Sciences; Therefore, we thank and appreciate the cooperation and support of these fields.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:13 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2260873" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0005" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1886488" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2260872" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0025" "titulo" => "Objetivos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0030" "titulo" => "Materiales y Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1886487" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "s0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0015" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0025" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0030" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0035" "titulo" => "Consent for publication" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0040" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack778904" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 12 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2024-06-09" "fechaAceptado" => "2024-08-26" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1886488" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Hepatitis B" 1 => "Elderly" 2 => "Hepatitis B surface antigen" 3 => "Prevalence" 4 => "Iran" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1886487" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Hepatitis B" 1 => "mayores" 2 => "antígeno de superficie de la Hepatitis B" 3 => "prevalencia" 4 => "Irán" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="as0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0010">Objectives</span><p id="sp0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HBV infection and its associated risk factors in the elderly in Birjand.</p></span> <span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0015">Materials and methods</span><p id="sp0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The present study was a part of the community-based prospective cohort study. Subjects over 60 years of age were assessed using standard questionnaires and blood factors. The samples were tested for HBsAg by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p></span> <span id="as0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0020">Results</span><p id="sp0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Of 542 elderly people living in Birjand, 11 cases (2.03%) were positive. The median age of patients with HBsAg positive and negative was 69 (IQR: 63–77) years and 67 (IQR: 63–74) years, respectively. The results of the multiple logistic regression model showed that fatty liver disease was significantly associated with having hepatitis B (AOR (95% CI)=5.50 (1.16, 25.88)) (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05). However, there was no significant relationship found between variables age, sex, marital status, years of study, underlying diseases, body mass index, smoking, and blood factors with having hepatitis B (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05).</p></span> <span id="as0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0025">Conclusions</span><p id="sp0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Even though there were only a few positive cases, leading to a non-significant report, it is crucial to emphasize the clinical significance and health and well-being of elderly individuals contracting hepatitis B. This information can be valuable in devising suitable disease management strategies for this age group.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0005" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="as0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0035">Objetivos</span><p id="sp0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia de la infección por VHB y sus factores de riesgo asociados en las personas mayores de Birjand.</p></span> <span id="as0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0040">Materiales y Métodos</span><p id="sp0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dicho estudio formó parte de un estudio de cohorte prospectivo de base comunitaria. Se evaluaron los sujetos mayores de 60 años utilizando cuestionarios estándar y factores sanguíneos. Se estudió el HBsAg mediante ensayo de inmunoadsorción ligado a enzima (ELISA).</p></span> <span id="as0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0045">Resultados</span><p id="sp0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">De las 542 personas mayores residentes en Birjand, 11 casos (2,03%) resultaron positivos. La edad media de los pacientes con HBsAg positivo y negativo fue de 69 (RIC: 63–77) años y 67 (RIC: 63–74) años, respectivamente. Los resultados del modelo de regresión logística múltiple reflejaron que la enfermedad de hígado graso estaba significativamente asociada a la tenencia de hepatitis B (AOR (95% IC) = 5,50 (1,16, 25,88)) (P < 0,05). Sin embargo, no se observó relación significativa entre las variables de edad, sexo, estado civil, años de estudio, enfermedades subyacentes, índice de masa corporal, tabaquismo, y factores sanguíneos y la tenencia de hepatitis B (P > 0,05).</p></span> <span id="as0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="sp0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Aun cuando existieron pocos casos positivos, conducentes a un informe no significativo, es esencial desatacar la significación clínica y la salud y el bienestar de las personas mayores que contraen hepatitis B. Esta información puede ser valiosa a la hora de diseñar estrategias de gestión de enfermedades para este grupo de edad.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0025" "titulo" => "Objetivos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0030" "titulo" => "Materiales y Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "t0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0005" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"># Values are reported as frequency (%) or median (IQR: Q1–Q3). * Significant at the 0.05 level.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hepatitis B</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Negative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Positive \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">67 (63–74) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">67 (63–74) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">69 (63–77) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.775 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BMI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.764</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.15 (23.17–29.28) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.15 (23.15–29.32) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27.30 (24.95–28.53) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≤<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">208 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">205 (98.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (1.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.539</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">313 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">305 (97.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (2.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gender \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.493</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">243 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">239 (98.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (1.60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">279 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">272 (97.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (2.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Marital status \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.382</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Never married/ Divorced \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">77 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">77 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Married \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">445 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">434 (97.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (2.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Education \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.085</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≤<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">244 (100)278 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">236 (96.7)275 (98.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (3.3)3 (1.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Occupation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="4" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.615</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Homemaker \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">200 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">197 (98.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (1.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Employee/Retired \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">225 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">220 (97.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (2.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">97 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">94 (96.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (3.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Living in a nursing home/personal residence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.999</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">519 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">508 (97.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (2.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">History of migration in the past 5 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">514 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">503 (97.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (2.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.999</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Smoking status \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.999</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">480 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">469 (97.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (2.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3676501.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluation of the relationship between demographic characteristics and the population of elderly individuals under study with the result of the hepatitis B test<span class="elsevierStyleSup">#</span>.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "t0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0010" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"># Values are reported as frequency (%) or median (IQR: Q1–Q3). * Significant at the 0.05 level.</p><p id="sp0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hepatitis B</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Negative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Positive \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hypertension \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">307 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">302 (98.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (1.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.365</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">214 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">208 (97.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (2.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Diabetes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.304</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">384 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">374 (97.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (2.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">137 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">136 (99.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">High blood lipids \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.753</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">349 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">342 (98) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">171 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">167 (97.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (2.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Loss of appetite \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.642</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">454 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">445 (98) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">67 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">65 (97) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NAFLD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.115</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">462 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">454 (98.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (1.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">59 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">56 (94.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (5.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Underlying disease \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.999</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">58 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57 (98.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (1.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">463 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">453 (97.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (2.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3676504.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of the frequency distribution of underlying diseases of elderly people with the result of hepatitis B test<span class="elsevierStyleSup">#</span>.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "t0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0015" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="sp0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"># Values are reported as frequency (%). * Significant at the 0.05 level.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hepatitis B</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Negative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Positive \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="5" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Health status</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Medium or lower \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">326 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">317 (97.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (2.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.223</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Medium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">195 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">193 (99) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3676500.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Measurement of the relationship between the health status of elderly individuals and the result of a hepatitis B test<span class="elsevierStyleSup">#</span>.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "t0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0020" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="sp0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"># Values are reported as median (IQR: Q1–Q3). * Significant at the 0.05 level.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hepatitis B</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Negative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Positive \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">WBC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (5.20–7.17) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (5.20–7.15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.30 (4.60–7.20) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.405 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">RBC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.85 (4.53–5.14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.85 (4.53–5.13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.11 (4.50–5.22) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.316 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">HB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.20 (13.20–15.30) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.20 (13.20–15.30) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 (13.30–16.10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.253 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Platelet \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">217.50 (181–258) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">217 (181–258) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">229 (177–260) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.947 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ALK.P \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">201 (161–239) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">200 (161–239) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">220 (171.75–250.50) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.201 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ALT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 (13–21) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 (13–21) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 (14.25–25) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.430 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">AST \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20 (16–24) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20 (16–24) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22.50 (16.50–26.50) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.379 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3676502.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of the mdian values of clinical variables between elderly individuals with results of hepatitis B test<span class="elsevierStyleSup">#</span>.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "t0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0025" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="sp0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AOR: adjusted odds ratio; * Significant at the 0.05 level; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AOR (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.99 (0.91, 1.08) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="right" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.962 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gender (female) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.17 (0.49, 9.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="right" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.317 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Diabetes (No) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.22 (0.02, 1.98) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="right" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.181 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Health status (Medium or lower) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.38 (0.08, 1.86) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="right" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.236 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Medium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NAFLD (N0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.5 (1.16, 25.88) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="right" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.034<span class="elsevierStyleSup">⁎</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Education (≤<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.27 (0.06, 1.09) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="right" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.064 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3676503.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Multiple logistic regression model to determine the factors associated with hepatitis B in elderly individuals.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:75 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0005" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "H.I. Mohammed" 1 => "G.R. Pennap" 2 => "V.B. Oti" 3 => "M.P. Adoga" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Sci Afr" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "5" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0010" "etiqueta" => "2." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J. Hu" 1 => "U. Protzer" 2 => "A. Siddiqui" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Virol" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "93" "numero" => "20" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0015" "etiqueta" => "3." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "D. Lavanchy" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1046/j.1365-2893.2003.00487.x" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Viral Hepat" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "11" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "97" "paginaFinal" => "107" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14996343" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0020" "etiqueta" => "4." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "B. Kashyap" 1 => "U. Tiwari" 2 => "A. Prakash" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ind J Med Spec" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "9" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "30" "paginaFinal" => "35" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0025" "etiqueta" => "5." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "S. Schillie" 1 => "C. Vellozzi" 2 => "A. Reingold" 3 => "A. Harris" 4 => "P. Haber" 5 => "J.W. Ward" 6 => "N.P. Nelson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "MMWR Recommend Rep" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "67" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "1" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0030" "etiqueta" => "6." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.L. Cleveland" 1 => "S.K. Gray" 2 => "J.A. Harte" 3 => "V.A. Robison" 4 => "A.C. Moorman" 5 => "B.F. Gooch" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.adaj.2016.03.020" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Dent Assoc" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "147" "numero" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "729" "paginaFinal" => "738" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27233680" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0035" "etiqueta" => "7." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "K.M. De Cock" 1 => "B. Soro" 2 => "I.M. Coulibaly" 3 => "S.B. Lucas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.268.12.1581" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Jama" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "268" "numero" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "1581" "paginaFinal" => "1587" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1518113" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0040" "etiqueta" => "8." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J. Zuckerman" 1 => "A. Zuckerman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1053/jinf.2000.0720" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Infect" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "41" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "130" "paginaFinal" => "136" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11023756" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0045" "etiqueta" => "9." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Mast EE, Margolis HS, Fiore AE, Brink EW, Goldstein ST, Wang SA, Moyer LA, Bell BP, Alter MJ. 2005." ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0050" "etiqueta" => "10." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Introduction of hepatitis B vaccine into childhood immunization services: Management guidelines, including information for health workers and parents" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "Organization, W. H" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:2 [ "fecha" => "2001" "editorial" => "World Health Organization" ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0055" "etiqueta" => "11." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:10 [ 0 => "N. Rezaei" 1 => "M. Asadi-Lari" 2 => "A. Sheidaei" 3 => "K. Gohari" 4 => "M. Parsaeian" 5 => "S. Khademioureh" 6 => "M. Maghsoudlu" 7 => "S.A. Kafiabad" 8 => "M. Zadsar" 9 => "S.A. Motevalian" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Iran Med" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "23" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "189" "paginaFinal" => "196" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32126788" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0060" "etiqueta" => "12." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "A. Almasi-Hashiani" 1 => "E. Ayubi" 2 => "K. Mansori" 3 => "M. Salehi-Vaziri" 4 => "Y. Moradi" 5 => "B. Gholamaliei" 6 => "S. Khazaei" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/s40643-024-00807-y" "Revista" => array:5 [ "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "11" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "91" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39340706" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0065" "etiqueta" => "13." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S. Taherpour" 1 => "D. Javanmard" 2 => "M. Ziaee" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.34172/aim.2020.68" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Iran Med" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "23" "numero" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "586" "paginaFinal" => "592" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32979904" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0070" "etiqueta" => "14." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Ghafari" 1 => "G. Sharifzadeh" 2 => "S. Jamali" 3 => "B. Taji" 4 => "S.Y. Javadmoosavi" 5 => "M. Ziaee" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Iran Med" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "22" "numero" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "501" "paginaFinal" => "504" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31679371" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0075" "etiqueta" => "15." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D. Javanmard" 1 => "M.H. Namaei" 2 => "M. Farahmand" 3 => "A. Ziaee" 4 => "E. Amini" 5 => "M. Ziaee" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/jmv.25470" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Med Virol" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "91" "numero" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "1519" "paginaFinal" => "1527" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30908666" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0080" "etiqueta" => "16." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:10 [ 0 => "H. Keyvani" 1 => "M. Sohrabi" 2 => "F. Zamani" 3 => "H. Poustchi" 4 => "H. Ashrafi" 5 => "F. Saeedian" 6 => "M. Mooadi" 7 => "N. Motamed" 8 => "H. Ajdarkosh" 9 => "M. Khonsari" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Hepat Mont" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "8" ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0085" "etiqueta" => "17." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S.M. Sajjadi" 1 => "A.A. Pourfathollah" 2 => "S. Mohammadi" 3 => "B. Nouri" 4 => "R. Hassanzadeh" 5 => "R. Fariba" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Iran J Public Health" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "47" "numero" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "944" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30181991" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1053811918305081" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "10538119" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0090" "etiqueta" => "18." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "S.M. Alavian" 1 => "S.V. Tabatabaei" 2 => "T. Ghadimi" 3 => "F. Beedrapour" 4 => "S.A. Kafi-Abad" 5 => "A. Gharehbaghian" 6 => "H. Abolghasemi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Prev Med" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "3" "numero" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "770" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23189228" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0095" "etiqueta" => "19." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R. Taherkhani" 1 => "F. Farshadpour" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "PloS One" "fecha" => "2022" "volumen" => "17" "numero" => "3" ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0100" "etiqueta" => "20." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:9 [ 0 => "M. Ziaee" 1 => "A. Ebrahimzadeh" 2 => "Z. Azarkar" 3 => "M.H. Namaei" 4 => "A. Saburi" 5 => "M. Fereidouni" 6 => "B. Bijari" 7 => "M. Karamian" 8 => "G. Sharifzadeh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Hepat Mon" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "9" ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0105" "etiqueta" => "21." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J. Poorolajal" 1 => "R. Majdzadeh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Res Med Sci" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "249" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "14" ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0110" "etiqueta" => "22." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S.M. Alavian" 1 => "F. Fallahian" 2 => "K.B. Lankarani" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Gastrointestin Liver Dis" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "16" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "403" "paginaFinal" => "406" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18193122" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0115" "etiqueta" => "23." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M. Moghadami" 1 => "N. Dadashpour" 2 => "A.M. Mokhtari" 3 => "M. Ebrahimi" 4 => "A. Mirahmadizadeh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.bjid.2019.10.001" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Braz J Infect Dis" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "419" "paginaFinal" => "426" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31678055" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0120" "etiqueta" => "24." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M. Zali" 1 => "K. Mohammad" 2 => "A. Noorbala" 3 => "B. Noorimayer" 4 => "S. Shahraz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "EMHJ-East Mediterr Health J" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "11" "numero" => "1–2" "paginaInicial" => "62" "paginaFinal" => "67" ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0125" "etiqueta" => "25." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:10 [ 0 => "M. Behzadifar" 1 => "S. Azari" 2 => "S. Shirkhani" 3 => "S. Gholamrezaei" 4 => "S. Shahabi" 5 => "L. Doshmangir" 6 => "S.J. Ehsanzadeh" 7 => "M. Martini" 8 => "N.L. Bragazzi" 9 => "M. Behzadifar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.4.2731" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Prev Med Hyg" "fecha" => "2022" "volumen" => "63" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "E618" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36891002" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0130" "etiqueta" => "26." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R. Prakash" 1 => "S. Choudhary" 2 => "U.S. Singh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Indian J Commun Med" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "29" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "35" ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0135" "etiqueta" => "27." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:9 [ 0 => "E.-K. Woo" 1 => "C. Han" 2 => "S.A. Jo" 3 => "M.K. Park" 4 => "S. Kim" 5 => "E. Kim" 6 => "M.H. Park" 7 => "J. Lee" 8 => "I. Jo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2458-7-1" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMC Public Health" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "7" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "9" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17199891" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0140" "etiqueta" => "28." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "S. Mittal" 1 => "J.R. Kramer" 2 => "R. Omino" 3 => "M. Chayanupatkul" 4 => "P.A. Richardson" 5 => "H.B. El-Serag" 6 => "F. Kanwal" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.cgh.2017.08.042" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "16" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "252" "paginaFinal" => "259" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28870660" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0145" "etiqueta" => "29." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "D.F.G. de Paula Machado" 1 => "T. Martins" 2 => "D.J. Trevisol" 3 => "R.A.V. e Silva" 4 => "J.L. Narciso-Schiavon" 5 => "F.S. Trevisol" 6 => "L. de Lucca Schiavon" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Hepat Mon" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "5" ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0150" "etiqueta" => "30." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "F.P. Brandt" 1 => "V. Spada Júnior" 2 => "R. Yamada" 3 => "G.W. Wendt" 4 => "L.E.D. Ferreto" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Brasil Geriatr Gerontol" "fecha" => "2021" "paginaInicial" => "23" ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0155" "etiqueta" => "31." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "L. Kemp" 1 => "K.E. Clare" 2 => "P.N. Brennan" 3 => "J.F. Dillon" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/ageing/afy170" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Age Ageing" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "48" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "32" "paginaFinal" => "37" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30379991" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0160" "etiqueta" => "32." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "C.M. Chu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02097.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Gastroenterol Hepatol" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "E25" "paginaFinal" => "E30" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10921378" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0165" "etiqueta" => "33." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:12 [ 0 => "R.A. Tohme" 1 => "D. Awosika-Olumo" 2 => "C. Nielsen" 3 => "S. Khuwaja" 4 => "J. Scott" 5 => "J. Xing" 6 => "J. Drobeniuc" 7 => "D.J. Hu" 8 => "C. Turner" 9 => "T. Wafeeg" 10 => "U. Sharapov" 11 => "P.R. Spradling" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.011" "Revista" => array:8 [ "tituloSerie" => "Vaccine" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "29" "numero" => "50" "paginaInicial" => "9316" "paginaFinal" => "9320" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22015390" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1053811910011602" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "10538119" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0170" "etiqueta" => "34." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "V. Loustaud-Ratti" 1 => "J. Jacques" 2 => "M. Debette-Gratien" 3 => "P. Carrier" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/hepr.12499" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Hepatol Res" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "46" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "22" "paginaFinal" => "28" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25651806" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0175" "etiqueta" => "35." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:10 [ 0 => "J.F. Perz" 1 => "S. Grytdal" 2 => "S. Beck" 3 => "A.M. Fireteanu" 4 => "T. Poissant" 5 => "E. Rizzo" 6 => "K. Bornschlegel" 7 => "A. Thomas" 8 => "S. Balter" 9 => "J. Miller" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/hep.25688" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Hepatology" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "57" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "917" "paginaFinal" => "924" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383058" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 35 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0180" "etiqueta" => "36." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:33 [ 0 => "M. Moodi" 1 => "M.D. Firoozabadi" 2 => "T. Kazemi" 3 => "M. Payab" 4 => "K. Ghaemi" 5 => "M.R. Miri" 6 => "G. Sharifzadeh" 7 => "H. Fakhrzadeh" 8 => "M. Ebrahimpur" 9 => "S.M. Arzaghi" 10 => "A. Zarban" 11 => "E. Mirimoghadam" 12 => "A. Sharifi" 13 => "M.S. Hosseini" 14 => "A. Esmaeili" 15 => "M. Mohammadifard" 16 => "A. Ehsanbakhsh" 17 => "Z. Ahmadi" 18 => "G.H. Yaghoobi" 19 => "S.A. Hosseinirad" 20 => "M.H. Davari" 21 => "B. Heydari" 22 => "M. Nikandish" 23 => "A. Norouzpour" 24 => "S. Naseri" 25 => "M. Khorashadizadeh" 26 => "S. Mohtashami" 27 => "K. Mehdizadeh" 28 => "G. Ahmadi" 29 => "H. Soltani" 30 => "H. Khodbakhshi" 31 => "F. Sharifi" 32 => "B. Larijan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s40200-020-00504-5" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Diabetes Metab Disord" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "19" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "551" "paginaFinal" => "559" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32550207" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 36 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0185" "etiqueta" => "37." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "C. Trépo" 1 => "H. Chan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60220-8" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "384" "numero" => "9959" "paginaInicial" => "2053" "paginaFinal" => "2063" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24954675" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 37 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0190" "etiqueta" => "38." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S.M. Alavian" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Iran J Clin Infect Dis" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "5" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "51" "paginaFinal" => "61" ] ] ] ] ] ] 38 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0195" "etiqueta" => "39." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "E. Franco" 1 => "B. Bagnato" 2 => "M.G. Marino" 3 => "C. Meleleo" 4 => "L. Serino" 5 => "L. Zaratti" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.4254/wjh.v4.i3.74" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "World J Hepatol" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "4" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "74" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22489259" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 39 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0200" "etiqueta" => "40." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M. Hartleb" 1 => "K. Gutkowski" 2 => "J.E. Zejda" 3 => "J. Chudek" 4 => "A. Wiecek" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/MEG.0b013e328357632a" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "24" "numero" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "1288" "paginaFinal" => "1295" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22864260" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 40 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0205" "etiqueta" => "41." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N. Posuwan" 1 => "V. Vuthitanachot" 2 => "T. Chinchai" 3 => "R. Wasitthankasem" 4 => "N. Wanlapakorn" 5 => "Y. Poovorawan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "PeerJ" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "7" ] ] ] ] ] ] 41 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0210" "etiqueta" => "42." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D. Javanmard" 1 => "S.M. Alavian" 2 => "F. Abedi" 3 => "M.H. Namaei" 4 => "A. Asghari" 5 => "M. Ziaee" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Hepat Mon" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "8" ] ] ] ] ] ] 42 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0215" "etiqueta" => "43." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "H.N. Fu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1745-7599.2001.tb00023.x" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Nurse Pract" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "13" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "215" "paginaFinal" => "222" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11930472" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 43 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0220" "etiqueta" => "44." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:10 [ 0 => "C.-H. Chen" 1 => "M.-S. Wu" 2 => "Y.-W. Yang" 3 => "Y.-T. Liu" 4 => "Y.-F. Chiu" 5 => "C.-C. Hsu" 6 => "S.-C. Chuang" 7 => "T.-C. Chung" 8 => "T.-L. Tsai" 9 => "W.-H. Huang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Prev Med Rep" "fecha" => "2021" "volumen" => "23" ] ] ] ] ] ] 44 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0225" "etiqueta" => "45." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "K. Tajiri" 1 => "Y. Shimizu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3748/wjg.v19.i46.8459" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "World J Gastroenterol: WJG" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "19" "numero" => "46" "paginaInicial" => "8459" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24379563" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 45 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0230" "etiqueta" => "46." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "K. Kamimura" 1 => "A. Sakamaki" 2 => "H. Kamimura" 3 => "T. Setsu" 4 => "T. Yokoo" 5 => "M. Takamura" 6 => "S. Terai" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3748/wjg.v25.i15.1817" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "World J Gastroenterol" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "25" "numero" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "1817" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31057296" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 46 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0235" "etiqueta" => "47." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S.N. Kutty" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Washington Q" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "37" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "139" "paginaFinal" => "156" ] ] ] ] ] ] 47 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0240" "etiqueta" => "48." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Attaullah" 1 => "S.u. Rehman" 2 => "S. Khan" 3 => "I. Ali" 4 => "S. Ali" 5 => "S.N. Khan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1743-422X-8-1" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Virol J" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "5" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205327" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 48 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0245" "etiqueta" => "49." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S. Khan" 1 => "S. Attaullah" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1743-422X-8-1" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Virol J" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "8" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "7" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205327" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 49 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0250" "etiqueta" => "50." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "R. Roien" 1 => "S.H. Mousavi" 2 => "A. Ozaki" 3 => "S.A. Baqeri" 4 => "S.M.R. Hosseini" 5 => "S. Ahmad" 6 => "S. Shrestha" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Multidiscip Healthc" "fecha" => "2021" "paginaInicial" => "3177" "paginaFinal" => "3186" ] ] ] ] ] ] 50 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0255" "etiqueta" => "51." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K. Sievert" 1 => "P. O'Neill" 2 => "Y. Koh" 3 => "J.-H. Lee" 4 => "A. Dev" 5 => "S. Le" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s10903-017-0546-z" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Immigr Minor Health" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "140" "paginaFinal" => "146" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28120131" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 51 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0260" "etiqueta" => "52." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S.A. Ali" 1 => "R.M. Donahue" 2 => "H. Qureshi" 3 => "S.H. Vermund" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijid.2008.06.019" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Infect Dis" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "13" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "9" "paginaFinal" => "19" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18835208" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 52 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0265" "etiqueta" => "53." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Mitchell AE, Colvin HM. 2010." ] ] ] 53 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0270" "etiqueta" => "54." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J. Debarry" 1 => "M. Cornberg" 2 => "M.P. Manns" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/liv.13320" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Liver Int" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "37" "paginaInicial" => "67" "paginaFinal" => "72" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28052625" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1053811917305463" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "10538119" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 54 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0275" "etiqueta" => "55." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "B. Wolters" 1 => "U. Junge" 2 => "S. Dziuba" 3 => "M. Roggendorf" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00399-2" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Vaccine" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "3623" "paginaFinal" => "3628" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12922091" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 55 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0280" "etiqueta" => "56." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "T. Höhler" 1 => "G. Groeger-Bicanic" 2 => "B. Hoet" 3 => "M. Stoffel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.10.024" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Vaccine" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "25" "numero" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "1503" "paginaFinal" => "1508" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17097774" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 56 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0285" "etiqueta" => "57." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:10 [ 0 => "N. Yousefpoor" 1 => "M. Mahdavian" 2 => "Z. Pourbagher" 3 => "S.A. Ghezeldasht" 4 => "A. Mosavat" 5 => "M. Ziaee" 6 => "M. Bahreini" 7 => "S. Soleimanpour" 8 => "M.R. Sharifmoghadam" 9 => "N. Valizadeh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Microb Pathog" "fecha" => "2023" "volumen" => "181" "numero" => "2" ] ] ] ] ] ] 57 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0290" "etiqueta" => "58." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.R. Zali" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "EMHJ-East Mediterr Health J" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "2" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "290" "paginaFinal" => "298" ] ] ] ] ] ] 58 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0295" "etiqueta" => "59." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => "R. Gholamreza" 1 => "S. Shahryar" 2 => "K. Abbasali" 3 => "J. Hamidreza" 4 => "M. Abdolvahab" 5 => "K. Khodaberdi" 6 => "R. Danyal" 7 => "A. Nafiseh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Indian J Med Sci" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "61" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "263" "paginaFinal" => "268" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478956" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 59 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0300" "etiqueta" => "60." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "F. Joukar" 1 => "F. Mansour-Ghanaei" 2 => "M.R. Naghipour" 3 => "S. Hassanipour" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Hepat Mon" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "8" ] ] ] ] ] ] 60 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0305" "etiqueta" => "61." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M.C. Nascimento" 1 => "P. Mayaud" 2 => "E.C. Sabino" 3 => "K.L. Torres" 4 => "S. Franceschi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/jmv.21046" "Revista" => array:8 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Med Virol" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "80" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "53" "paginaFinal" => "57" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18041005" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1053811919301594" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "10538119" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 61 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0310" "etiqueta" => "62." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "V.T.T. Nguyen" 1 => "M.L. McLaws" 2 => "G.J. Dore" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05010.x" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Gastroenterol Hepatol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "22" "numero" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "2093" "paginaFinal" => "2100" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17645465" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 62 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0315" "etiqueta" => "63." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. Tazhibi" 1 => "A. Hajivandi" 2 => "A.D. Tafti" 3 => "H. Fallahzadeh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Educ Health Promot" "fecha" => "2014" "paginaInicial" => "3" ] ] ] ] ] ] 63 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0320" "etiqueta" => "64." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S.K. Kundu" 1 => "D. Katzenstein" 2 => "L.E. Moses" 3 => "T.C. Merigan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1073/pnas.89.23.11204" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Proc Natl Acad Sci" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "89" "numero" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "11204" "paginaFinal" => "11208" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1360665" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 64 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0325" "etiqueta" => "65." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "I. Keet" 1 => "G. Van Doornum" 2 => "A. Safary" 3 => "R. Coutinho" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:8 [ "tituloSerie" => "AIDS (London, England)" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "6" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "509" "paginaFinal" => "510" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1535502" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0896627320300556" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "08966273" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 65 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0330" "etiqueta" => "66." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Z. Parmar" 1 => "B. Sadeghi" 2 => "M. Rahimi-Madiseh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "4" ] ] ] ] ] ] 66 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0335" "etiqueta" => "67." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "G. Azarkar" 1 => "Z. Doosti" 2 => "F. Osmani" 3 => "M. Ziaee" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Hepat Med Evid Res" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "153" ] ] ] ] ] ] 67 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0340" "etiqueta" => "68." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "J.P. Shi" 1 => "J.G. Fan" …5 ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05531.x" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Gastroenterol Hepatol" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "23" "numero" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "1419" "paginaFinal" => "1425" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 68 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0345" "etiqueta" => "69." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ …4] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Gastroenterol Hepatol" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "23, (7pt1)" "paginaInicial" => "1082" "paginaFinal" => "1088" ] ] ] ] ] ] 69 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0350" "etiqueta" => "70." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Iran J Endocrinol Metab" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "10" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "99" "paginaFinal" => "106" ] ] ] ] ] ] 70 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0355" "etiqueta" => "71." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:10 [ …10] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jhep.2011.09.013" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Hepatol" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "56" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "533" "paginaFinal" => "540" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 71 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0360" "etiqueta" => "72." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.dld.2007.07.151" "Revista" => array:8 [ "tituloSerie" => "Dig Liver Dis" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "39" "numero" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "936" "paginaFinal" => "942" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1053811919303027" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "10538119" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 72 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0365" "etiqueta" => "73." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ …5] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jhep.2005.01.031" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Hepatol" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "43" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "38" "paginaFinal" => "44" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 73 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0370" "etiqueta" => "74." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ …7] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3748/wjg.v11.i20.3056" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "World J Gastroenterol: WJG" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "11" "numero" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "3056" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 74 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0375" "etiqueta" => "75." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ …7] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1478-3231.2007.01482.x" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Liver Int" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "27" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "607" "paginaFinal" => "611" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack778904" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" "texto" => "<p id="p0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15769887/unassign/S1576988724000803/v1_202410030414/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => null "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15769887/unassign/S1576988724000803/v1_202410030414/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1576988724000803?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 October | 9 | 7 | 16 |