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Inicio Vacunas Cobertura vacunal en Galicia 1998
Journal Information
Vol. 1. Issue 1.
Pages 10-14 (January 2000)
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Vol. 1. Issue 1.
Pages 10-14 (January 2000)
Cobertura vacunal en Galicia 1998
Visits
60
E. Rego, I. Santiago, R. Zubizarreta, A. Malvar, X. Hervada, S. Fernández
Dirección Xeral de Saúde Pública. Consellería de Sanidade e Servicios Sociais. Santiago de Compostela
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Fundamento

Evaluar la cobertura vacunal en los niños de 2 y 3 años.

Métodos

Estudio transversal mediante realización de encuesta domiciliaria y comprobación de la cartilla de vacunación. Población diana: niños residentes y nacidos en Galicia entre el 1-2-1994 y 31-1-1996.

Ámbito geográfico de aplicación: Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia, dividido en tres estratos independientes, utilizando un diseño muestral diferente según el estrato considerado.

Resultados

Muestra total: 4.816 niños, 2.052 (42,6%) del estrato urbano, 2.294 (47,6%) estrato rural y en el estrato suburbano 470 (9,8%).

La cobertura vacunal documentada para el calendario completo fue del 88,2% (IC 95%: 85,97-90,38).

La cobertura de primovacunación documentada fue del 95,4% (IC 95%: 93,25-97,49), 94% (IC 95%: 91,80-96,27) y 94,9% (IC 95%: 92,68-97,02) para la poliomielitis, difteria, tétanos y pertussis (DTP) y DTP/DT, respectivamente.

La cobertura para hepatitis B y triple vírica fue del 93,2% (IC 95%: 91,04-95,26) y 93,9% (IC 95%: 91,60-96,10), respectivamente. No existen diferencias significativas entre estrato rural y urbano, pero sí entre éstos y el suburbano.

Conclusiones

Los resultados indican una alta aceptación del Programa Gallego de Vacunaciones. Se alcanzaron los objetivos establecidos para poliomielitis y hepatitis B, e incluso para triple vírica, ya que su intervalo de confianza incluye el 95% del objetivo del programa, pero no así para DTP o DTP/DT, necesitándose elevar los requerimientos de calidad del programa, especialmente en poblaciones marginales. El método de encuesta resultó útil para la determinación de coberturas vacunales y evaluación de los programas de inmunización.

Palabras clave:
vacunas
cobertura
encuesta
evaluación
Background

Evaluate the vaccine coverage in children 2-3 years old.

Methods

Cross sectional study carried out by surveys at home and checking of the vaccination card.

Target population: children born and resident in Galicia between 1-2-1994 and 31-1-1996.

Geographical area of application: Autonomous Community of Galicia, divided into 3 independent stratum, applying a different sample design depending on the stratum considered.

Results

Total sample: 4,816 children, 2,052 (42.6%) of the urban stratum, 2,294 (47.6%) ot the rural stratum, and suburban stratum 470 children (9.8%).

The registered vaccine coverage for the recommended inmunization schedules was 88.2% (IC 95%: 85.97-90.38).

The registered coverage of the primary series was 95.4% (IC 95%: 93.25-97.49), 9496 (IC 9596: 91.80-96.27) and 94.996 (IC 9596: 92.68-97.02) for poliomyelitis, DTP and DPT/DT respectively.

The coverage for hepatitis B and MRM (meases, rubella and mumps) was 93.2% (IC 95%: 91.04-95.26) and 93.9% (IC 95%: 91.60-96.10) respectively.

There were not significant differences between the rural and urban stratum. However between these and the suburban stratum there was.

Conclusions

Results indicate a high acceptance level of the Galician Vaccination Programme. The set targets were reached for poliomyelitis and hepatitis B, and also for MRM, due to its confidence interval including 95% of the programmes objective. However the same cannot be said for DTP or DTP/DT, showing the need to raise the quality requirements of the programme, especially among marginal populations.

The survey was useful in order to determine the vaccine coverage and to evaluate the immunization programmes.

Key words:
vaccines
coverage
survey
evaluation

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