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Vol. 5. Issue 3.
Pages 58-60 (July 2004)
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Vol. 5. Issue 3.
Pages 58-60 (July 2004)
Cobertura vacunal en pacientes esplenectomizados en un hospital de tercer nivel (1999–2002)
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N. Vives Martín, G. Binefa i Rodríguez, J.M. Ramón Torrell
Corresponding author
jmramon@csub.scs.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Medicina Preventiva. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907 Hospitalet del Llobregat. Barcelona. España
Servicio de Medicina Preventiva. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España
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RESUMEN
Introducción

Según las recomendaciones de la Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), los sujetos esplenectomizados deben inmunizarse frente a Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae tipo b y Neisseria meningitidis. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la cobertura vacunal de los pacientes esplenectomizados frente a estos 3 patógenos.

Métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de cohortes sobre la cobertura vacunal de los pacientes esplenectomizados en un hospital universitario durante el período 1999-2002. Mediante el registro de alta hospitalaria, se obtuvo el total de pacientes esplenectomizados y se compararon con los pacientes vacunados en el servicio de medicina preventiva durante el mismo período.

Resultados

Durante el período 1999-2002 se llevaron a cabo 263 esplenectomías (un 65% en varones y un 35% en mujeres). La cobertura para la vacuna neumocócica 23-valente fue del 57,4% (n = 151), para el Haemophilus tipo b fue del 49,0% (n = 129) y para la vacuna antimeningocócica del 47,5% (n = 125). El 45,6% (n = 120) de los pacientes esplenectomizados recibió las 3 vacunas a la vez.

Conclusiones

La tasa de cobertura vacunal de los pacientes esplenectomizados frente a estos 3 patógenos no es satisfactoria. Es importante que la cobertura vacunal de estos pacientes sea elevada debido al mayor riesgo de infección. Por ello, es necesario mejorar los programas de vigilancia para asegurar la cumplimentación de las medidas de prevención de estos pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Esplenectomía
Vacunación
Immunodeficiencia
ABSTRACT
Introduction

According the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), splenectomized patients should be immunized against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis. The aim of this study was to determine rates of vaccination coverage against these bacteria in splenectomized patients.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study to determine vaccination coverage in splenectomized patients in a university hospital between 1999 and 2000. The number of splenectomized patients was obtained from the hospital discharge registry and was compared with data on patients immunized in the Preventive Medicine Service during the same period.

Results

From 1999-2002, 263 splenectomies were carried out (65% men and 35% women). Coverage was 57.4% (151) for the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine, 49.0% (129) for the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and 47.5% (125) for the meningococcal vaccine. A total of 45.6% (120) of splenectomized patients received the 3 vaccines simultaneously.

Conclusion

Rates of vaccination against these 3 bacteria in splenectomized patients were unsatisfactory. The vaccine coverage of these patients should be high due to their greater risk of infection. Consequently, surveillance programs should be improved to ensure that preventive measures are carried out.

Key words:
Splenectomy
Vaccination
Immunodeficiency

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