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Vol. 23. Issue S2.
COVID 19 & vaccines: Development and practice
Pages S88-S102 (September - December 2022)
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Vol. 23. Issue S2.
COVID 19 & vaccines: Development and practice
Pages S88-S102 (September - December 2022)
Review article
COVID-19 vaccines: Update of the vaccines in use and under development
Vacunas COVID-19: actualización de las vacunas en uso y en desarrollo
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99
Rafaela Angotti Marta, Gisele Emy Kondo Nakamura, Bruno de Matos Aquino, Paulo R. Bignardi
Corresponding author
paulo.bignardi@pucpr.br

Corresponding author at: School of Medicine, 485 Jockey Club ave – Hípica – Londrina, Paraná 86072-360, Brazil
School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
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Table 1. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Table 2. Efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccines against SARS-CoV2 and its variants.
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Special issue
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Vol. 23. Issue S2

COVID 19 & vaccines: Development and practice

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Abstract

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a series of challenges on the scientific community. One of the biggest was the development of safe and effective vaccines in record time, which could be achieved through a global effort. A topic of great discussion has been the technology surrounding these vaccines: ranging from the well-known inactivated virus vaccines to the latest RNA vaccines. As vaccines became available, another point also came into question: their efficacy and effectiveness against the original Wuhan strain and its variants. Among the numerous variants, 5 of them (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and, more recently, Omicron) gained greater prominence due to their epidemiological relevance. In this scenario, with numerous variants and several vaccine options, scientific information can often be mismatched. This review aims to provide an overview of the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of 11 vaccines in use or under development against the original Wuhan strain and the variants of concern identified by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Simultaneously, we aim to explore possible scenarios that can be expected shortly regarding new variants and vaccines. Overall, COVID-19 vaccines have satisfactory efficacy and loss of effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially the Omicron strain.

Keywords:
COVID-19
Vaccine
Pandemic
Resumen

La pandemia de COVID-19 en curso ha impuesto una serie de dificultades a la comunidad científica. Una de las mayores ha sido el desarrollo de vacunas seguras y efectivas en tiempo récord, lo cual ha podido lograrse mediante un esfuerzo global. Una cuestión objeto de gran discusión ha sido la tecnología que rodea a estas vacunas, que fluctúa entre las bien conocidas que contienen virus inactivados, a las últimas vacunas basadas en ARN. A medida que se fue disponiendo de vacunas, también surgió otro punto en cuestión: su eficacia y efectividad contra la cepa originaria de Wuhan y sus variantes. Entre estas, cinco de ellas (Alfa, Beta, Gama, Delta y, más recientemente Ómicron) ganaron mayor importancia debido a su relevancia epidemiológica. En este escenario, con numerosas variantes y diversas opciones de vacunas, la información científica puede verse a menudo desfasada. El objetivo de esta revisión fue aportar una visión general sobre la eficacia, efectividad y seguridad de once vacunas en uso o en desarrollo contra la cepa originaria de Wuhan y las variantes preocupantes identificadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). De manera simultánea, otro objetivo es explorar los posibles escenarios que pueden preverse a corto plazo en cuanto a las nuevas variantes y vacunas. En general, las vacunas contra la COVID-19 tienen una eficacia y una pérdida de efectividad satisfactorias contra las variantes del SARS-CoV-2, especialmente la cepa Ómicron.

Palabras clave:
COVID-19
Vacuna
Pandemia

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