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Journal Information
Vol. 24. Issue 4.
Pages 326-334 (October - December 2023)
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Vol. 24. Issue 4.
Pages 326-334 (October - December 2023)
Original article
COVID vaccine: Social, menstrual and psychological aftermath
Vacuna COVID: Secuelas sociales, menstruales y psicológicas
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277
Swati Guptaa,
Corresponding author
swatigupta130192@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Divya Raib, Shipra Shuklac,d
a Dept. of Psychology, Government Girls' Degree College Hamirpur, India
b Indian Society of Agribusiness Professionals, New Delhi, India
c Department of Social Work, University of Lucknow, India
d Department of Humanities and Social Work, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow, UP, India
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Tables (11)
Table 1. Depicting demographic details.
Table 2. Depicting frequency and percentage of respondents who have received encountered information related to COVID vaccine and Menstrual periods.
Table 3. Showing the varied sources of information related to COVID vaccine and Menstrual periods.
Table 4. Depicting the nature of received information.
Table 5. Depicting the perception regarding effect of COVID vaccination on menstrual periods.
Table 6. Illustrating the changes perceived in their menstrual cycle by the respondents after vaccination.
Table 7a. Table showing age-wise mean scores and standard deviation obtained by the respondents on the scale of perceived menstrual changes.
Table 7b. Showing one-way ANOVA computation for age-wise difference in the mean scores obtained on the scale of perceived menstrual changes.
Table 8a. Showing mean scores and standard deviation obtained on the scale of perceived psychological stress based on respondents' geographical demography.
Table 8b. Showing one-way ANOVA computation for difference in the mean scores obtained on the scale of perceived psychological stress based on respondents' geographical demography.
Table 9. Showing the mean difference of perceived physical changes (particularly in menstrual cycle) after vaccination between categories of respondents based on their history of menstrual illnesses using independent-t test.
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Abstract
Objective

Beginning from the end of year 2019 till end of year 2021 the whole world has witnessed a calamity that shook every aspect of human life. Globally, countries were engrossed in developing the vaccine at the earliest. Several vaccines having Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) were distributed and administered, after assuring no severe adverse impact. However, certain side effects persist. These unforeseen outcomes led to vaccine hesitant behavior and even refusal to take a jab. In this context, the present study attempts to investigate the social, psychological and menstrual changes perceived after inoculation.

Material and methods

Cross-sectional observational study following the CHERRIES publication guidelines for the description of research results from web based surveys and questionnaires.

Results

The study reveals that almost 40 % of the respondents have received some information relating to the impact that vaccine has on menstrual health and out of which almost 65% have received negative information. Moreover, 32% of the respondents were not very sure about the side effects or after effects of the vaccine. The inferential findings of this study suggest that COVID vaccine has affected the menstrual cycle, particularly cycle length and volume. Majorly, the impact of vaccine was reported by those who have already suffered from past menstrual illnesses. However, age, geographical demography and the type of vaccine injected does not significantly impact the menstrual homeostasis.

Conclusion

Geographical demography of respondents have significant impact on their perceived psychological stress after the vaccination. This study shows the significance of gender-based trials of vaccines in the coming future so that these unforeseen physiological and psychological ailments can be evaded.

Keywords:
COVID vaccine
Menstrual health
Psychological stress
Vaccine hesitancy
Resumen
Objetivo

Desde finales del año 2019 hasta finales del año 2021, el mundo entero ha sido testigo de un evento que sacudió todos los aspectos de la vida humana. A nivel mundial, los países estaban absortos en desarrollar la vacuna lo antes posible. Se distribuyeron y administraron varias vacunas con Autorización de Uso de Emergencia (EUA), tras ser verificada su seguridad y ausencia de efectos adversos significativos. Sin embargo, ciertos efectos secundarios persisten. Estos resultados imprevistos llevaron a una reticencia frente a la vacuna e incluso a la negativa a vacunarse. En este contexto, el presente estudio intenta investigar los cambios sociales, psicológicos y menstruales percibidos después de la immunización.

Material y métodos

Estudio observacional transversal siguiendo las directrices de publicación CHERRIES para la descripción de resultados de investigación procedentes de encuestas y cuestionarios de entornos web.

Resultados

El estudio revela que casi el cuarenta por ciento de los encuestados ha recibido alguna información relacionada con el impacto que tiene la vacuna sobre la salud menstrual, de los cuales casi el 65 por ciento habían recibido información negativa. Además, el 32 por ciento de los encuestados no estaba muy seguro acerca de los efectos secundarios de la vacuna. Los hallazgos inferenciales de este estudio sugieren que la vacuna frente a la COVID-19 ha producido afectación del ciclo menstrual, particularmente en la duración del ciclo y el volumen de sangrado. Principalmente, informaron del impacto de la vacuna quienes habían sufrido enfermedades menstruales en el pasado. Sin embargo, la edad, la demografía geográfica y el tipo de vacuna inyectada no afectaron significativamente la homeostasis menstrual.

Conclusión

La demografía geográfica de los encuestados tuvo un impacto significativo en el estrés psicológico percibido después de la vacunación. Este estudio muestra la importancia de los ensayos de vacunas basados en el género para, en el futuro próximo, se puedan evitar dolencias fisiológicas y psicológicas imprevistas.

Palabras clave:
Vacuna COVID
Salud menstrual
Estrés psicológico
Duda vacunal

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