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Vol. 24. Issue 4.
Pages 308-316 (October - December 2023)
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Vol. 24. Issue 4.
Pages 308-316 (October - December 2023)
Original article
Epidemiological study of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on COVID-19 progression in a cohort of patients in gran Canaria
Estudio epidemiológico de la vacunación frente al SARS-CoV-2 y su impacto en la progresión de la COVID-19 en una cohorte de pacientes de Gran Canaria
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Alejandro de Arriba Fernándeza,b,
Corresponding author
, José Luis Alonso Bilbaoc, Alberto Espiñeira Francésc, Antonio Cabeza Morac, Ángela Gutiérrez Pérezc, Miguel Ángel Díaz Barreirosc
a Hospital General de Fuerteventura, 35600 Puerto del Rosario, Spain
b Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
c Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Gran Canaria, 35006 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Bivariate analysis. Associations with hospital admission, admission to the ICU and mechanical ventilation.
Table 2. Bivariate analysis. Associations with mortality in the 147 deaths in a 19.850 population.
Table 3. Death according to gender and age, and association with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, coronary heart disease, COPD, CHD and dementia in 110,726 in-patients positive for SARS-CoV-2.
Table 4. Hospitalization according to gender and age, and association with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, coronary heart disease, COPD, CHD and dementia in 110,726 in-patients positive for SARS-CoV-2.
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Abstract
Objectives

We analyzed the impact of age, sex, vaccination against COVID-19, immunosuppressive treatment, and comorbidities on patients' risk of requiring hospital admission or of death.

Methods

Population-based observational retrospective study conducted on a cohort of 19,850 patients aged 12 years or more, who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between June 1st and December 31st, 2021, in the island of Gran Canaria.

Results

Hypertension (18.5%), asthma (12.8%) and diabetes (7.2%) were the most frequent comorbidities; 147 patients died (0.7%). The combination of advanced age, male sex, cancer, coronary heart disease, immunosuppressive treatment, hospital admission, admission to the intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation and lack of complete COVID-19 vaccination or booster dose was strongly predictive of mortality (p < 0.05); 831 patients required hospital admission and it was more frequent in men, older age groups, and patients with cancer, diabetes, arterial hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure or immunosuppressive treatment. The COVID-19 vaccine booster dose was associated with a lower risk of death ([OR] 0.11, 95% CI 0.06–0.21, p < 0.05) or hospital admission ([OR] 0.36, 95% CI 0.29–0.46, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Cancer, coronary heart disease, and immunosuppressive treatment were associated with increased COVID-19 mortality. More complete vaccination was associated with lower risk of hospital admission or death. Three doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were highly associated with the prevention of death and hospital admission in all age groups. These findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccination can help bring the pandemic under control.

Keywords:
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccines
Hospitalization
Mortality
Resumen
Objetivos

Analizamos el impacto de la edad, el sexo, la vacunación frente a la COVID-19, el tratamiento inmunosupresor y las comorbilidades en el riesgo de los pacientes de precisar ingreso hospitalario o de fallecer.

Métodos

Estudio retrospectivo observacional de base poblacional realizado sobre una cohorte de 19.850 pacientes de 12 años o más, que fueron diagnosticados de COVID-19 entre el 1 de junio y el 31 de diciembre de 2021, en la isla de Gran Canaria.

Resultados

La hipertensión arterial (18,5%), el asma (12,8%) y la diabetes (7,2%) fueron las comorbilidades más frecuentes; Fallecieron 147 pacientes (0,7%). La combinación de edad avanzada, sexo masculino, cáncer, cardiopatía coronaria, tratamiento inmunosupresor, ingreso hospitalario, ingreso en unidad de cuidados intensivos, ventilación mecánica y la falta de vacunación completa contra el COVID-19 o dosis de refuerzo fue fuertemente predictiva de mortalidad (p < 0,05); 831 pacientes requirieron ingreso hospitalario y fue más frecuente en hombres, grupos de mayor edad y pacientes con cáncer, diabetes, hipertensión arterial, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva o tratamiento inmunosupresor. La dosis de refuerzo contra la vacuna del COVID-19 se asoció con un menor riesgo de muerte ([OR] 0.11, IC 95% 0.06–0.21, p < 0,05) o ingreso hospitalario ([OR] 0.36, IC 95% 0.29–0.46; p < 0,05).

Conclusiones

El cáncer, la enfermedad coronaria y el tratamiento inmunosupresor se asociaron con una mayor mortalidad por COVID-19. Una vacunación más completa se asoció con un menor riesgo de hospitalización o muerte. Tres dosis de la vacuna contra el SARS-CoV-2 se asociaron a una mayor prevención de la muerte y el ingreso hospitalario relacionados con la COVID-19 en todos los grupos de edad. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la vacunación contra el COVID-19 puede ayudar a controlar la pandemia.

Palabras clave:
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Vacunas
Hospitalización
Mortalidad

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