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Vol. 23. Issue S2.
COVID 19 & vaccines: Development and practice
Pages S18-S31 (September - December 2022)
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Vol. 23. Issue S2.
COVID 19 & vaccines: Development and practice
Pages S18-S31 (September - December 2022)
Original
Implementation of immuno-chemoinformatics approaches to construct multi-epitope for vaccine development against Omicron and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants
Implementación de enfoques inmunoquimioinformáticos para construir múltiples epítopos para la vacuna contra las variantes Omicron y Delta SARS-CoV-2
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Ali Adel Dawood
Corresponding author
aad@uomosul.edu.iq

Corresponding author.
Dept. of Medical Biology, College of Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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Tables (6)
Table 1. Omicron and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 proteins show 48 mutation residues.
Table 2. The best antigenic, non-allergic, none toxic CTL epitopes selected from viral proteins. ORF1a: Open reading frame 1a. ORF3a: Open reading frame 3a. ORF8: Open reading frame 8. SP: Spike glycoprotein. MP: Membrane protein. NP: Nucleocapsid protein.
Table 3. The best antigenic, none toxic HTL epitopes selected from the viral proteins.
Table 4. The best antigenic, none toxic B-cell epitopes selected from the viral proteins.
Table 5. Description of PCR primers MEPV.
Table 6. Summary of the top 10 docking scores and RMSD models (SARS-CoV-2 MEPV-TLR3).
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Special issue
This article is part of special issue:
Vol. 23. Issue S2

COVID 19 & vaccines: Development and practice

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Abstract
Background

The new coronavirus is still a life-threatening menace, because of its changing nature and capacity to produce many mutations to bypass the immune system. The vaccination is the first effective weapon against COVID-19.

Aim

The study's goal was to design a multi-epitope peptide vaccine (MEPV) for a mix of Omicron and Delta Coronavirus strains using immuno-chemoinformatics tools.

Methods

To create the vaccine epitopes, seven proteins from the Omicron and Delta coronavirus strains were selected (ORF1a, ORF3a, surface protein, membrane protein, ORF7a, ORF8, and nucleocapsid protein). Antigenicity, toxicity, and allergenicity of the epitopes were evaluated.

Results

The designed vaccine is made up of 534 amino acids that are homogeneous, antigenic, and non-toxic. Sticky restriction enzymes (XhoI and XbaI) were used to incorporate the MEPV into the pmirGLO luciferase vector. SnapGene server was used to create primers for PCR testing. Developing the MEPV is a terrific cost-effective strategy. The created MEPV's physiochemical properties have been determined to be basic, hydrophobic, and stableImmunogenicity and immune response profiles of the developed vaccine candidate were better assessed using in silico immunological simulations.

Conclusions

We advocate moving the built vaccine to the biological validation step, where it may test our findings using appropriate model organisms.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2
Omicron
Delta
Mutation
Vaccine
Multi-epitope
Immunoinformatics
Resumen
Antecedentes

el nuevo coronavirus sigue siendo una amenaza mortal debido a su naturaleza cambiante y su capacidad de producir muchas mutaciones para eludir el sistema inmunitario. La vacunación es la primera arma eficaz contra el COVID-19.

Objetivo

el objetivo del estudio era diseñar una vacuna peptídica multiepítopo (MEPV) para una mezcla de cepas de Omicron y Delta Coronavirus utilizando herramientas inmunoquimioinformáticas. Métodos: Para crear los epítopos de la vacuna, se seleccionaron siete proteínas de las cepas de coronavirus Omicron y Delta (ORF1a, ORF3a, proteína de superficie, proteína de membrana, ORF7a, ORF8 y proteína de nucleocápside). Se evaluaron la antigenicidad, toxicidad y alergenicidad de los epítopos.

Resultados

La vacuna diseñada está compuesta por 534 aminoácidos que son homogéneos, antigénicos y no tóxicos. Se usaron enzimas de restricción pegajosas (XhoI y XbaI) para incorporar el MEPV en el vector de luciferasa pmirGLO. El servidor SnapGene se utilizó para crear cebadores para las pruebas de PCR. Desarrollar el MEPV es una excelente estrategia rentable. Se ha determinado que las propiedades fisicoquímicas del MEPV creado son básicas, hidrofóbicas y estables. Se utilizaron simulaciones inmunológicas in silico para evaluar mejor la inmunogenicidad y el perfil de respuesta inmunitaria de la vacuna candidata generada.

Conclusiones

Abogamos por pasar la vacuna construida al paso de validación biológica, donde puede probar nuestros hallazgos utilizando organismos modelo apropiados.

Palabras clave:
SARS-CoV-2
Omicrón
Delta
Mutación
Vacuna
Multi-epítopo
Inmunoinformática

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