Letter to the Editor
The future role of pharmacists and pharmacovigilance after the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic
Rol de farmacéuticos y farmacovigilancia tras la aparición de la pandemia de COVID-19
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La Gatta, F. Ghidinelli" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "La Gatta" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "alessandra.lagatta03@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Ghidinelli" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Recordati S.p.A., Milan, Italy" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Rol de farmacéuticos y farmacovigilancia tras la aparición de la pandemia de COVID-19" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The unforeseen arrival of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has completely subverted our daily life.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pharmacists have been representing a crucial role in the fight against SARS-CoV2 virus.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The importance of these figures has been extensively confirmed during this pandemic.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This health crisis has created pandemic-related challenges and it has laid the foundations for a future massive change in this world.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">First, when the vaccine against COVID-19 is released, pharmacists will be assigned the role of primary frontline health workers in order to provide immunization to people, as demonstrated by community pharmacists who have been well-placed to provide accessible coverage in the past.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Second, as reported by John <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">C</span>. Hayden et al., social distancing has obliged pharmacists to reinvent the way by which they dispense advice and medications.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For example, virtual consultations have become common, especially among fragile people. In addition, the implementation of systems to provide drugs to patients was necessary to reduce non-essential medical and pharmaceutical visits and to maintain a good quality of service.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Third, some innovations have been introduced in many countries and they may be preserved in the future, including the electronic prescriptions with primary care eliminating the legislative requirement for paper scripts.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thus, pharmacists can provide a decisive help to health care system in this pandemic.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Not only has this pandemic conferred new opportunities among pharmacies and patients, but also it has opened new scenarios in the field of pharmacovigilance.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Monitoring the efficacy and safety profiles of medications constitutes a priority for healthcare professionals and patients, especially during the COVID-19 period for drugs administered to treat this infection in ‘off-label use’.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Unfortunately, there is not currently enough data to create worldwide guidelines for a controlled and safe use of all medications administrated for the treatment of COVID-19 infection, outlining the increasing need to promote scientific research.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It should be useful to control patient safety by rapid reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs).</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This aspect, for example, may be achieved by drug information services that provide 24-h professional advice to patients and healthcare workers after being exposed to medications, as reported by Tuccori et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some hospitals have already commenced to evaluate the incidence, type and risk factors associate with ADRs among patients with COVID-19.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective study with two hundred seventeen patients with COVID-19 was conducted by the First Hospital of Changsha in China.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was demonstrated that the prevalence of ADRs was approximately 37% in patients treated with lopinavir, umifenovir and chloroquine, emphasizing the need of active monitoring of adverse reactions that can occur to patients with COVID-19.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another increasing point of interest in pharmacovigilance concerning the ADRs is represented by the poor adherence of patients to anti-COVID-19 medications.</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The correct identification of risk factors for the onset of adverse reactions is basically vital to choose the most appropriate antiretroviral regimen for the treatment of patients.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A rapid signaling of all ADRs related to anti-COVID-19 medications can facilitate the role of health care workers in the COVID-19 era and, thus, increase the level of patients’ adherence.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pharmacists and COVID-19" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. 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Focosi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s40264-020-00965-w" "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Drug Saf" "fecha" => "2020" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Incidence of adverse drug reactions in COVID-19 patients in China: an active monitoring study by Hospital Pharmacovigilance System" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Sun" 1 => "X. Deng" 2 => "X. Chen" 3 => "J. Huang" 4 => "S. Huang" 5 => "Y. Li" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0009-9236(99)70116-5" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Pharmacol Ther" "fecha" => "2020" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "7" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9951425" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/24451460/0000002200000002/v1_202106241110/S2445146021000261/v1_202106241110/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "91117" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/24451460/0000002200000002/v1_202106241110/S2445146021000261/v1_202106241110/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2445146021000261?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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