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Original article
Factors influencing the flu/seasonal influenza vaccination rate in the Spanish population at risk according to the 2017 national health survey
Factores que influyen en la tasa de vacunación contra la gripe/influenza estacional en la población española de riesgo según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2017
Adriana López-Pinedaa, Andrea Sánchez Garcíab, Domingo Orozco-Beltrána, Vicente F. Gil-Guilléna, Rauf Nouni-Garcíaa,
Corresponding author
raufrng@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Concepción Carratalá-Munueraa, Jose A. Quesadaa
a Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
b Facultad de Medicina Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="s0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0065">Introduction</span><p id="p0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Flu is an acute respiratory tract infection of viral aetiology &#40;influenza virus&#41; considered a serious public health problem because it is associated with high mortality&#44; morbidity&#44; and demand for health services&#44; especially in at-risk populations such as the elderly&#44; pregnant women&#44; children&#44; and the chronically ill&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Seasonal influenza is responsible for 3&#8211;5 million cases of severe illness and causes between 250&#8239;000 and 500&#8239;000 deaths per year worldwide&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Most deaths are related to people over 75 years of age&#46; The average annual incidence in Spain was 2069 cases per 100&#8239;000 population in a review conducted in 2019&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="p0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Preventive Activities and Health Promotion Programme &#40;PAPPS for its initials in Spanish&#41; in its 2018 edition&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> recommends influenza vaccination for people over 60 years of age and all adults with underlying morbidities &#40;risk groups&#41;&#44; as the safety&#44; efficacy&#44; and cost-effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing the disease has been demonstrated&#46; Immunisation is considered the primary method of preventing disease-associated morbidity and mortality&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> mainly in at-risk groups with comorbidities or those at increased risk of comorbidities due to age&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Influenza vaccination has been shown to reduce confirmed influenza cases and hospitalisations in people over 60 years of age&#44; as well as related cardiovascular events&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="p0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are global differences in relation to national immunisation policies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The Spanish Ministry of Health&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> based on the proposals of the World Health Organisation &#40;WHO&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> and the European Commission&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> recommends annual vaccination against influenza in people aged 65 years or older&#44; people under this age group who are at high risk and those who can transmit it to high-risk groups and workers in essential public services&#46; The objective in Spain<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> for the 2017&#8211;2018 season was to reach or exceed a vaccination coverage of 65&#37; in the 65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43; age group&#59; and to exceed a coverage of 40&#37; in the group of healthcare professionals&#44; with the aim of approaching the target set by the WHO and the European Commission of at least 75&#37; in the older age group as soon as possible and to increase vaccination coverage in healthcare professionals and at-risk groups&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="p0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In general&#44; immunisation coverage was low for at-risk groups in Spain in the 2011&#47;2012 season and in 2014&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and has declined in recent years in Europe<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> despite the evidence&#46; According to data from the Spanish Ministry of Health&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> the percentage of vaccinated adults over 64 years of age was declining from 2006 to 2010&#44; remaining stable until the 2019&#8211;2020 season&#44; which reached 54&#46;7&#37;&#46; However&#44; influenza vaccination coverage in the 2020&#8211;2021 season reached its highest point<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> &#40;67&#46;7&#37;&#41; due to COVID-19 marking the vaccination campaign&#44; highlighting the importance of influenza vaccination to facilitate differential diagnosis with respect to coronavirus and reduce care pressure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> It is important to maintain and improve these vaccination rates in the future&#44; preventing them from falling again when the COVID-19 pandemic ends&#46;</p><p id="p0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Factors associated with non-vaccination in at-risk groups should be taken into account in the development of new strategies to improve influenza vaccination rates&#46; Lack of knowledge&#44; low perceived risk of illness&#44; fear of adverse reactions&#44; and questioning the effectiveness of the vaccine have previously been identified as causes of vaccine refusal among nurses&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Age&#44; comorbidity&#44; gender&#44; race&#44; and socioeconomic status are determinants that have previously been related to vaccination rates&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Therefore&#44; the main objective of the present study was to identify the factors associated with non-administration of the influenza vaccine in Spain during the 2016&#8211;2017 season in the adult population over 60 years of age and risk groups with underlying morbidities &#40;the population recommended for vaccination by the PAPPS&#41;&#44; as well as to determine the vaccination coverage rate in this population&#46;</p></span><span id="s0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0070">Material and methods</span><span id="s0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0075">Design</span><p id="p0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using data obtained from the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey &#40;Encuesta Nacional de Salud de Espa&#241;a&#44; ENSE&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> The ENSE collects health information periodically through face-to-face household interviews and was conducted by the Spanish National Statistics Institute &#40;INE for its initials in Spanish&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p></span><span id="s0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0080">Universe and sample</span><p id="p0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Between October 2016 and October 2017&#44; the Spanish Ministry of Health&#44; Consumption and Social Well-being&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> in collaboration with the INE&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> obtained information from a total of 23&#8239;089 adults&#46; After applying the study inclusion criteria and excluding surveys with study variable data collection losses&#44; a sample of 16&#8239;255 participants were obtained for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="s0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0085">Inclusion criteria</span><p id="p0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The inclusion criterion was the population at risk for which the PAPPS recommends influenza vaccination&#58; over 60 years of age&#44; or persons of any age with any chronic disease referred to in the ENSE survey<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> &#40;acute myocardial infarction&#44; angina pectoris&#44; heart disease&#44; osteoarthritis&#44; cervical pain&#44; back pain&#44; allergy&#44; asthma&#44; bronchitis&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; hypercholesterolemia&#44; skin disorders&#44; constipation&#44; cirrhosis&#44; anxiety&#44; other mental disorders&#44; migraines&#44; malignant tumours&#44; osteoporosis&#44; thyroid disorders&#44; and injuries due to accidents&#41;&#46; Respondents with no data on study variables were excluded&#46;</p></span><span id="s0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0090">Study variables and collection techniques</span><p id="p0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The dependent variable was the administration of the influenza vaccine in the last campaign&#44; collected through the answer &#8220;yes&#47;no&#34; to the question in the ENSE &#8220;Did you have the influenza vaccine in the last campaign&#63;&#8221; The rest of the variables used to identify possible factors associated with vaccination were classified into 4 modules&#46; Those referring to socio-demographic variables were age&#44; sex&#44; body mass index &#40;BMI&#41;&#44; nationality&#44; Autonomous Community&#44; marital status&#44; and socio-occupational class&#46; With regard to health determinants&#44; the main daily activity&#44; physical exercise&#44; diet&#44; dental hygiene&#44; tobacco consumption&#44; and alcohol consumption were collected&#46; In the health status module&#44; medical consultations and use of healthcare services&#44; hospitalisations&#44; and emergencies and preventive practices were recorded&#46; In the healthcare section&#44; variables on self-perceived health&#44; comorbidities&#44; and physical limitations were collected&#46; The study variables were obtained directly from the ENSE 2017 database&#46;</p></span><span id="s0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0095">Statistical analysis</span><p id="p0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive analysis was performed for all variables&#44; calculating the number and percentage for qualitative variables&#44; and descriptive values&#44; such as minimum&#44; maximum&#44; mean&#44; and standard deviation &#40;SD&#41;&#44; for quantitative variables&#46; Prevalence of influenza vaccination at each level of qualitative variables was calculated using double-entry tables&#44; and using the Chi-Square test&#46; Subsequently&#44; the magnitude of the associations of those &#8220;not vaccinated&#34; against influenza was estimated by estimating prevalence ratios &#40;PR&#41; with robust variance Poisson regression model fit&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> together with their 95&#37; confidence interval &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&#46; A stepwise variable selection procedure was carried out to arrive at the optimal model according to the AIC &#40;Akaike Information Criterion&#41; criterion&#46; In order to obtain estimates representative of the Spanish population&#44; complex sampling was taken into account using as a weighting factor the survey elevation factor divided by its mean&#44; obtaining weights centred on its mean&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> A maximum type I error of 5&#37; was established&#46; The analyses were carried out with the SPSS v&#46;18 statistical programme and the R v&#46;3&#46;4&#46;2 programme&#46;</p></span></span><span id="s0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0100">Results</span><p id="p0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 16&#8239;255 participants were included&#46; Of these&#44; 74&#46;9&#37; &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;12&#8239;182&#41; reported not having been vaccinated in the last campaign&#44; compared to 25&#46;1&#37; &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;4073&#41; who reported having been vaccinated&#46; More women than men were included&#44; 54&#37; &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;8775&#41; compared to 46&#37; &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;7480&#41;&#46; The majority of those included in the study were of Spanish nationality &#40;89&#46;3&#37;&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;14&#8239;527 &#41;&#46; Of the study participants&#44; 42&#46;8&#37; &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;6955&#41; were aged 60 or over and the remainder reported having a chronic disease&#46; With regard to marital status&#44; there was low participation of separated and divorced people &#40;1&#46;7&#37;&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;274 and 3&#46;8&#37;&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;624&#44; respectively&#41; compared to married people &#40;63&#37;&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;10&#8239;249&#41;&#46; In terms of self-perceived health&#44; 59&#46;1&#37; &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;9600&#41; of people considered themselves to be in good or very good health compared to 12&#46;0&#37; &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1943&#41; who considered their health to be poor or very poor&#46; In relation to comorbidities&#44; the most prevalent were hypercholesterolemia and high blood pressure &#40;30&#46;3&#37;&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;4920&#44; and 30&#46;7&#37;&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;4989&#44; respectively&#41;&#46;</p><p id="p0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0005">Table 1</a> shows the percentage of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals according to a selection of explanatory variables from the study of the socio-demographic&#44; lifestyle&#44; service use&#44; and comorbidities blocks of the survey&#46; The analysis of all the study variables can be consulted in table S1 of the supplementary material&#46; The Autonomous Communities &#40;AC&#41; with the highest vaccination rate were Cantabria &#40;32&#46;2&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;61&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41;&#44; Extremadura &#40;32&#46;1&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;106&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41; and La Rioja &#40;31&#46;1&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;38&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> shows a gradient map of the different vaccination coverage rates by Autonomous Community&#46; Foreigners were less vaccinated than Spanish nationals &#40;12&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;208&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93; vs&#46; 26&#46;6&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;3865&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41;&#46; Educational level was inversely proportional to coverage &#40;&#62; 45&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;167&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93; for illiterates and &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;549&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93; for those with university education&#41;&#46; Those who smoked daily &#40;11&#46;8&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;383&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41; or not daily &#40;11&#46;6&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;38&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41; showed lower coverage compared with those wo had never smoked &#40;28&#46;6&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2304&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41; or ex-smokers &#40;29&#46;2&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1348&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41;&#46; The vaccination rate was higher in the group that consumed fruit and vegetables daily &#40;28&#46;3&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1684&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41; compared to those who consumed neither fruit nor vegetables daily &#40;16&#46;3&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;615&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41;&#46; Groups who considered themselves to be in poor or very poor health had higher coverage &#40;38&#46;5&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;574&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93; and 44&#46;1&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;198&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#44; respectively&#41; than those who considered themselves to be in good or very good health&#44; who had lower coverage &#40;19&#46;8&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1543&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#93; and 13&#46;1&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;238&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; Having a comorbidity was associated with higher participation &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Regarding health service utilisation in the last year&#44; patients undergoing colonoscopy &#40;36&#46;2&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1052&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41;&#44; blood&#47;urine test &#40;28&#46;0&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;3649&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41;&#44; X-ray &#40;28&#46;4&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#46;434&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41;&#44; scan &#40;31&#46;6&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;599&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41;&#44; ultrasound &#40;28&#46;0&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;879&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41;&#44; or hospital admission &#40;37&#46;7&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;628&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41; had higher vaccination coverage than those who did not have these tests&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of the multivariate analysis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0010">Table 2</a>&#41; show the study variables that were associated with non-vaccination against influenza&#46; The prevalence ratios with the highest values and&#44; therefore&#44; associated with a lower probability of vaccination were being less than 40 years old &#40;PR 2&#46;215&#44; CI 1&#46;988&#8211;2&#46;469&#44; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; being between 40 and 59 years old &#40;PR 2&#46;180&#59; CI 1&#46;957&#8211;2&#46;429&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; daily smoking &#40;PR 1&#46;079&#59; CI 1&#46;058&#8211;1&#46;100&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; not having received a colonoscopy &#40;PR 1&#46;079&#59; CI 1&#46;047&#8211;1&#46;111&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; or urine or blood tests &#40;PR 1&#46;059&#59; CI 1&#46;039&#8211;1&#46;079&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; in the last year&#44; no DM &#40;PR 1&#46;232&#59; CI 1&#46;171&#8211;1&#46;297&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; HBP &#40;PR 1&#46;097&#59; CI 1&#46;066&#8211;1&#46;128&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; asthma &#40;PR 1&#46;086&#59; CI 1&#46;049&#8211;1&#46;123&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; bronchitis &#40;PR 1&#46;259&#59; CI 1&#46;183&#8211;1&#46;340&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; hypercholesterolemia &#40;PR 1&#46;048&#59; CI 1&#46;023&#8211;1&#46;073&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; or heart disease &#40;PR 1&#46;169&#59; CI 1&#46;103&#8211;1&#46;238&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="s0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0105">Discussion</span><p id="p0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study shows that the percentage of vaccination in the last campaign among the adult population at risk recommended for influenza vaccination by the PAPPS &#40;over 60 years and belonging to risk groups&#41; was 25&#46;1&#37; in the period between October 2016 and October 2017&#46; Among this population considered at risk&#44; the factors associated with not receiving the flu vaccine were&#58; age &#40;to a greater extent&#44; being under 60 years old&#41;&#44; daily smoking&#44; not having had a colonoscopy&#44; urine or blood test in the last year&#44; and not suffering from DM&#44; hypertension&#44; asthma&#44; bronchitis&#44; hypercholesterolemia&#44; or heart disease&#46;</p><p id="p0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of vaccination coverage in the population over 60 years of age and risk groups are similar to those obtained in previous vaccination seasons if the same study population is taken into account&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> a rate far from the targets set by the WHO of achieving at least 75&#37; coverage in risk groups&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> On the other hand&#44; if the population taken into account are people over 65 years of age&#44; the coverage data are higher&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="p0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a previous study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> conducted in Spain&#44; female sex was associated with lower vaccination coverage&#46; In contrast&#44; in the present study&#44; sex was not significantly associated with non-vaccination&#46; In our results&#44; as in other studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#8211;26</span></a> older age&#44; becoming more evident after 60 years of age&#44; was associated with higher vaccination coverage&#46; Regarding the relationship between vaccination coverage and toxic habits&#44; the results of the multivariate analysis showed an association between smokers and lower coverage&#44; coinciding with the results observed in another similar study conducted in South Korea&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> This may be due to the fact that these groups are generally less concerned about their health and this leads to lower participation in preventive activities&#44; such as influenza vaccination&#46; However&#44; there are contradictory data&#44; such as those obtained in a study conducted in Italy in 2012&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> which found that smokers or ex-smokers were vaccinated more frequently than those who had never smoked&#44; although this study only included healthcare workers&#46;</p><p id="p0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Non-vaccination was associated with not suffering from chronic diseases such as HBP&#44; DM&#44; hypercholesterolemia&#44; asthma&#44; and chronic bronchitis&#44; as in other studies carried out in Spain&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> as well as in patients who had not received certain diagnostic tests such as colonoscopies and blood and urine analyses in the last year&#44; results similar to those obtained in other studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> These diseases seem to be able to generate a higher risk perception in subjects&#46;</p><p id="p0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the results of the bivariate logistic analysis relating the factors associated with vaccination status&#44; the distribution of participation was not homogeneous in Spain&#44; with differences in coverage between the different Autonomous Communities&#44; with the Canary Islands being associated with lower vaccination coverage and Cantabria with higher coverage&#46; The differences observed between regions were similar to those observed in previous studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="p0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although much higher influenza vaccination coverage was achieved in the 2020&#47;2021 campaign&#44; the reason for higher participation was the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic&#44; which is expected to reduce the vaccination rate again if the campaigns are not improved&#46; Based on the results obtained&#44; the recommendation of vaccination could be focused on the groups in which the association with vaccination has been found to be lower and strategies could be developed to increase their participation in the next campaigns&#46; Previous studies have identified lack of knowledge&#44; low perceived risk of illness&#44; fear of adverse reactions&#44; and questioning the effectiveness of the vaccine as causes of vaccine refusal and non-vaccination&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> so it would be interesting to emphasise the low adverse effects and benefits of vaccination in future prevention and information campaigns&#46;</p><p id="p0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study has some limitations that should be considered&#46; On the one hand&#44; being a cross-sectional study&#44; it is not possible to establish a causal relationship between vaccination and the variables studied&#46; In addition&#44; the results on vaccination coverage come from a survey that has been answered on the basis of self-perceived health information&#44; which could lead to recall bias&#46; However&#44; several studies have compared patient responses in questionnaires with data from medical records&#44; showing a high degree of sensitivity and agreement&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> Similarly&#44; self-reported chronic diseases have been considered a useful source of information for prevalence studies and have been validated by several studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> The data were also obtained from information collected in the ENSE&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> which has national and regional representation and is one of the largest data collection programmes of the Ministry of Health&#44; the results of which have been validated and are considered an essential element of territorial cohesion for population monitoring&#46; The risk groups considered in the ENSE on the basis of the comorbidities described may not coincide with those described in the PAPPS&#46; The questionnaires do not include information on the reasons for non-vaccination of the population&#46; This information could be of interest for future surveys&#46; Also&#44; the vaccination campaign covers the months of November and December &#40;2016&#41; and January &#40;2017&#41;&#44; but the ENSA data were collected between October 2016 and October 2017&#44; so the information obtained in the first months may refer to the previous influenza season &#40;2015&#8211;2016&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="s0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0110">Conclusion</span><p id="p0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The factors associated with a lower probability of vaccination are age &#40;to a greater extent in those under 60 years of age&#41;&#44; smoking&#44; not suffering from chronic diseases such as DM&#44; HBP&#44; hypercholesterolemia&#44; asthma&#44; and chronic bronchitis&#44; as well as not having received certain diagnostic tests such as colonoscopies and blood and&#47;or urine tests&#46; Vaccination coverage in the population considered at risk by the PAPPS &#40;over 60 years or younger with at-risk diseases&#41; was low in the 2016&#47;2017 season&#46;</p></span><span id="s0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0115">Funding</span><p id="p0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research received no specific funding from any public sector agencies&#44; the commercial sector or not-for-profit entities&#46;</p></span><span id="s0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0120">Conflict of interests</span><p id="p0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflict of interests to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Universe and sample"
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            2 => array:2 [
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              "titulo" => "Inclusion criteria"
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          "titulo" => "References"
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    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2022-02-16"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2022-04-24"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
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        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1609747"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Mass vaccination"
            1 => "Vaccination coverage"
            2 => "Viral vaccination"
            3 => "Influenza vaccination"
            4 => "Epidemiology"
            5 => "Epidemiological factors"
          ]
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          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1609746"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Vacunaci&#243;n masiva"
            1 => "Cobertura de vacunaci&#243;n"
            2 => "Vacunas contra la influenza"
            3 => "Epidemiologia"
            4 => "Factores epidemiol&#243;gicos"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="as0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0010">Background</span><p id="sp0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To identify the factors associated with non-vaccination in Spain during the 2016&#8211;2017 season in the adult population over 60 years of age and risk groups&#44; as well as to determine the vaccination coverage rate&#46;</p></span> <span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0015">Material and methods</span><p id="sp0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cross-sectional observational study&#46; The information was collected from the National Health Survey in Spain 2017&#46; The inclusion criteria were being over 60 years old or suffering from a chronic disease according to the Spanish program of preventive activities and health promotion 2018 recommendations&#46; To study the associated factors&#44; sociodemographic variables&#44; health determinants&#44; health status&#44; and health care were used&#46; Prevalence ratios were estimated with adjustment of Poisson regression models with robust variance&#44; together with their 95&#37; confidence interval&#46;</p></span> <span id="as0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0020">Results</span><p id="sp0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The sample was 16&#8239;255 people&#44; and 54&#37; were women and 42&#46;8&#37; of them were 60 years of age or older&#46; In the bivariate analysis&#44; the Autonomous Communities with the highest vaccination rates were Cantabria &#40;32&#46;2&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;61&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41; and Extremadura &#40;32&#46;1&#37; &#91;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;106&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#93;&#41;&#46; The variable that was most associated in the multivariate analysis with non-vaccination was being under 60 years old &#40;PR2&#46;215&#59; CI1&#46;988&#8211;2&#46;469&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46; Vaccination coverage was 25&#46;1&#37;&#46;</p></span> <span id="as0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0025">Conclusions</span><p id="sp0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The factors associated with a lower probability of vaccination were being younger than 60 years old&#44; smoking&#44; not suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus&#44; hypertension&#44; hypercholesterolemia&#44; asthma&#44; and chronic bronchitis&#44; and not having undergone certain diagnostic tests such as colonoscopies and blood and&#47;or urine tests&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "as0005"
            "titulo" => "Background"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "as0010"
            "titulo" => "Material and methods"
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          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "as0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
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            "identificador" => "as0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="as0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0035">Objetivos</span><p id="sp0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Identificar los factores asociados a la no vacunaci&#243;n en Espa&#241;a durante la temporada 2016&#8211;2017 en poblaci&#243;n adulta de riesgo &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60 a&#241;os o cr&#243;nicos&#41;&#44; as&#237; como determinar la tasa de cobertura de la vacunaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="as0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0040">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="sp0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional transversal&#46; La informaci&#243;n fue recogida de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud en Espa&#241;a 2017&#46; Los criterios de inclusi&#243;n fueron tener m&#225;s de 60 a&#241;os o padecer alguna enfermedad cr&#243;nica seg&#250;n las recomendaciones de vacunaci&#243;n del programa de actividades preventivas y promoci&#243;n de la salud 2018&#46; Para el estudio de los factores asociados se utilizaron variables sociodemogr&#225;ficas&#44; determinantes de la salud&#44; estado de salud y asistencia sanitaria&#46; Se estimaron razones de prevalencia con ajuste de modelos de regresi&#243;n de Poisson con varianza robusta&#44; junto con su intervalo de confianza al 95&#37;&#46;</p></span> <span id="as0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0045">Resultados</span><p id="sp0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La muestra fue de 16255 personas&#46; El 54&#37; fueron mujeres y el 42&#44;8&#37; de la ten&#237;a 60 a&#241;os o m&#225;s&#46; En el an&#225;lisis bivariante&#44; las comunidades aut&#243;nomas con tasas m&#225;s altas de vacunaci&#243;n fueron Cantabria &#40;32&#44;2&#37;&#91;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>61&#59;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#93;&#41; y Extremadura &#40;32&#44;1&#37; &#91;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>106&#59;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#93;&#41;&#46; La variable que m&#225;s se asoci&#243; en el an&#225;lisis multivariante a la no vacunaci&#243;n fue tener menos de 60 a&#241;os &#40;RP2&#44;215&#59; IC1&#44;988-2&#44;469&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; La cobertura de vacunaci&#243;n fue del 25&#44;1&#37;&#46;</p></span> <span id="as0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="sp0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los factores asociados a una menor probabilidad de vacunaci&#243;n fueron ser menor de 60 a&#241;os&#44; fumar&#44; no padecer enfermedades cr&#243;nicas como diabetes mellitus&#44; hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#44; hipercolesterolemia&#44; asma y bronquitis cr&#243;nica&#44; y no haber sido sometido a determinadas pruebas diagn&#243;sticas como colonoscopias y anal&#237;ticas de sangre y&#47;u orina&#46;</p></span>"
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          0 => array:2 [
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            "titulo" => "Objetivos"
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        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="np4005">Please cite this article as&#58; L&#243;pez-Pineda A&#44; Garc&#237;a AS&#44; Orozco-Beltr&#225;n D&#44; Gil-Guill&#233;n VF&#44; Nouni-Garc&#237;a R&#44; Carratal&#225;-Munuera C&#44; Quesada JA&#46; Factores que influyen en la tasa de vacunaci&#243;n contra la gripe&#47;influenza estacional en la poblaci&#243;n espa&#241;ola de riesgo seg&#250;n la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2017&#46; Vacunas&#46; 2022&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="ir3005" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacun.2022.04.005">https&#58;&#47;&#47;doi&#46;org&#47;10&#46;1016&#47;j&#46;vacun&#46;2022&#46;04&#46;005</span></p>"
      ]
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          0 => array:4 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="p0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="ec0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "Supplementary data"
            "identificador" => "s0065"
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      ]
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      0 => array:8 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
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          0 => array:4 [
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          "en" => "<p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Gradient map of the different vaccination coverage rates by Autonomous Community&#46;</p>"
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        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DM&#58; Diabetes Mellitus&#59; HBP&#58; High Blood Pressure&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">656&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1176&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64&#46;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>84 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">254&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&#46;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">466&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sex&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Man&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5563&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">74&#46;4&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1918&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#46;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;117&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Woman&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6619&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75&#46;4&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2156&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&#46;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tobacco habit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Smokes daily&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2854&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">88&#46;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">383&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Does not smoke daily&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">292&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">88&#46;4&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ex-smoker&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3270&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1348&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&#46;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Never&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5766&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&#46;4&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2304&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#46;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Physical activity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4650&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72&#46;9&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1729&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#46;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Occasional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4610&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&#46;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1867&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Several times per month&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1448&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">87&#46;0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">216&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trains several times a week&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1474&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85&#46;0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">260&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fruit&#47;vegetable consumption&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Neither fruit nor vegetables daily&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3152&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">83&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">615&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#46;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fruit or vegetables daily&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4753&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1774&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#46;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fruit and vegetables daily&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4276&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1684&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#46;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Self-perception of health&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Very good&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1580&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">86&#46;9&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">238&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Good&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6239&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80&#46;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1543&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">OK&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3193&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">67&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1520&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&#46;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Poor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">919&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&#46;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">574&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38&#46;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Very poor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">251&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&#46;9&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">198&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">44&#46;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hospital admission in the last year&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#8239;144&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">76&#46;4&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3445&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&#46;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1038&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">62&#46;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">628&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">37&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11&#8239;218&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&#8211;59 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2180&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;1&#46;957&#8211;2&#46;429&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2215&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;1&#46;988&#8211;2&#46;469&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BMI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Underweight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Normal weight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1053&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;&#46;987&#8211;1&#46;122&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;115&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Overweight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1051&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;&#46;984&#8211;1&#46;122&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;137&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Obesity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1041&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;&#46;972&#8211;1&#46;114&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;249&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DK&#47;NC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1106&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;1&#46;016&#8211;1&#46;205&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;020&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tobacco consumption&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Has never smoked&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ex-smoker&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;&#46;987&#8211;1&#46;034&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;396&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Does not smoke daily&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1041&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;&#46;997&#8211;1&#46;086&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;070&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Smokes daily&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1079&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;1&#46;058&#8211;1&#46;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sex&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Woman&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1022&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;1&#46;003&#8211;1&#46;040&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hearing aid use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1127&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;1&#46;045&#8211;1&#46;215&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Colonoscopy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1079&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;1&#46;047&#8211;1&#46;111&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Blood&#47;urine test in the least year&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1059&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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Article information
ISSN: 24451460
Original language: English
DOI:10.1016/j.vacune.2022.10.002
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